Hypertensive enema has an excellent laxative effect and bowel movements without sudden peristalsis. This procedure is recommended for severe stool retention and large swelling of various origins.
To carry out this kind of procedure, an Esmarch mug is usually used, but many people prefer a regular rubber heating pad.
Both devices can be bought at any pharmacy, but the rubber heating pad, which has a special tip and hose, is difficult to find.
What is a hypertensive enema?
In the liquid, the main part of both the contents of the cell and the space surrounding it, all the substances necessary to ensure cellular life are dissolved.
The normal pressure of this liquid is created due to the electrolytic reaction between sodium chloride ions, a chemical compound that has the same concentration as in human blood plasma: 0.9%. Therefore, such a solution is called isotonic (physiological) . If the NaCl concentration exceeds this value, the solution is called hypertonic .
Its pharmaceutical (sterile) form is an officially registered medical product, and the procedure for introducing it into the rectum using special instruments is called a hypertensive enema.
Having entered the intestines, the hypertonic solution triggers a sequence of certain processes:
- there is abundant transudation of fluid into the lumen of the rectum;
- due to this, the volume of circulating blood decreases;
- thus blood pressure decreases.
In some cases, the procedure has an advantage over taking oral antihypertensive drugs , since the hypertonic solution almost instantly penetrates the intestinal walls and enters the blood, lowering blood pressure several times faster compared to pharmaceutical drugs.
Contraindications
If the patient's stool is too hard, it will take at least one to two hours to soften it with saline solution. You can do the enema procedure at home and add decoctions of medicinal herbs to the saline solution, making the procedure even more effective.
But, before preparing a hypertensive enema at home, you must first consult with a specialist who can prescribe additional examinations, because there are serious contraindications.
So, you cannot resort to this procedure if:
- bleeding, inflammation and fissures of the rectum;
- ulcerative processes;
- polyps, bleeding hemorrhoids;
- water and electrolyte disturbances;
- thermal and solar overheating;
- diabetes;
- diarrhea;
- vague pain in the abdominal cavity;
- oncological tumors in the intestine (in case of oncology, salt can become an impetus for the accelerated division of cancer cells and tumor growth);
- bleeding in the stomach;
- any fluid-loss circumstances - sweating, sports activities, hot weather and others.
Indications for use
The main indication for the use of a hypertensive enema is a critical increase in blood pressure. But, taking into account the properties of the solution to influence the receptors of the intestinal walls and thus enhance peristalsis, the procedure is prescribed in the following cases :
- in case of intoxication, poisoning as an emergency aid;
- with prolonged constipation, including in the absence of the effect of drug therapy;
- for the purpose of leveling renal and cardiac edema;
- to prepare the patient for surgery, conduct specific medical examinations and tests.
Video: “Enema: all the pros and cons”
Proper nutrition
Some people mistakenly believe that if you get rid of fluid, the excess weight will also go away. But, according to doctors, with the return of water, the recently lost kilograms will return. Getting rid of water does not solve the problem of losing weight. It is better to improve your diet and provide yourself with sufficient physical activity.
To avoid private constipation, nutritionists recommend eating prunes, sauerkraut, boiled beets, and pickles daily. Constipation can also cause high blood pressure. Therefore, it is so important to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat rationally and consult specialists in a timely manner.
Regulating the stool itself already leads to cleansing. Our body is designed in such a way that it is able to cleanse itself. Therefore, enema procedures are recommended as emergency assistance, because, like any mechanism, the human body can malfunction. The use of salt has a powerful healing effect, which is why an enema with a saline solution has such a positive effect.
During pregnancy, women often experience swelling, and exposure to a saline solution will also help here. In addition, pregnant women often experience stool retention, which is often associated with pressure on the colon from amniotic fluid. In a word, the benefits of salt are obvious, but you need to use all cleansing procedures skillfully, taking precautions and knowing when to stop everything.
Source: protoxin.ru
Technique for performing a hypertensive enema
In a medical institution, the procedure is carried out in strict accordance with a certain algorithm..
- At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to sterilize all the instruments and accessories used to administer the enema.
- The hypertonic solution is heated to a temperature of 25 °C and filled with a Janet syringe, Esmarch mug or enema bulb.
- The patient is positioned on the couch on the left side, taking the fetal position - with the legs bent at the hip and knee joints pulled up to the stomach.
- The procedural nurse performing the procedure, wearing disposable medical gloves, lubricates the rectal tip with Vaseline oil and first inserts it into the anus, and then moves it deep into the rectum with careful rotational movements. A penetration depth of 8-10 cm is considered optimal.
- Then, a hypertonic solution is given gradually and in small portions.
- After the liquid has been completely administered, the patient carefully turns onto his back and remains in this position for at least half an hour. This is necessary to retain the solution in the intestines.
- Usually, 10-20 minutes after the completion of the manipulations, the urge to defecate appears. The patient is asked to use a wide basin with low sides, which should be placed in advance next to the couch in case of emergency bowel movement.
- At the end of the procedure, all devices that were used are thoroughly washed and disinfected in a chloramine solution.
Side effects
A hypertensive enema, like any medical procedure, has a number of side effects and is not recommended for everyone.
The most common adverse events that occur as a result of systematic, frequent manipulation include the following.
In some patients, an enema, in addition to enhancing intestinal motility, causes intestinal spasm, and then not only feces, but also the injected solution are retained.
The consequence of this is stretching of the intestinal walls, an increase in intra-intestinal and intra-abdominal pressure, which in turn leads to an exacerbation of chronic inflammatory processes in the pelvis, rupture of fresh adhesions and, in the presence of purulent foci, a breakthrough of their contents into the peritoneal area.
Enema solution may irritate the intestines . In patients with such a reaction to the procedure, if it is performed frequently, there is a high probability of washing out the natural microflora with subsequent dysbacteriosis and the development of chronic colitis.
Contraindications
It is prohibited to perform a hypertensive enema for the following diseases and pathological conditions::
- inflammatory phenomena in the anorectal area (fissures, ulcers, ulcers, fistulas, hemorrhoids);
- prolapse and acute pathological processes of the rectum (proctitis, paroproctitis, neoplasms);
- any localization of tumors, as well as intestinal obstruction;
- bleeding of the pelvic organs, including hemorrhoids;
- acute conditions of the abdominal organs (appendicitis, peritonitis);
- severe forms of heart failure;
- arterial hypotension;
- in the early postoperative period.
Important! A hypertonic solution tends to dry out the intestinal mucosa, which can cause cracks in the lining of the rectum. If there are no anal fissures at the time of the procedure, but there is a history of their frequent occurrence, an enema should not be performed.
Video
We offer you to watch a video on the topic of the article.
Education: graduated from the Tashkent State Medical Institute with a degree in general medicine in 1991. Repeatedly took advanced training courses.
Work experience: anesthesiologist-resuscitator at a city maternity complex, resuscitator at the hemodialysis department.
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Hypertensive enema is used not only for constipation. The range of indications for its use is wider. The procedure is carried out using a standard set of tools, but with special solutions. The manipulation is effective, uncomplicated, performed according to an algorithm, but has contraindications, and complications are possible.
Hypertensive enema at home
Outside a hospital setting, the procedure is carried out in the same order and using the same methods as done on an outpatient basis . If you feel uncomfortable doing an enema yourself, you should ask someone close to you for help.
Depending on the purpose of the procedure, the type of syringe is chosen: for microenemas, a rubber bulb with a volume of 20 to 100 ml is suitable; for a cleansing enema, 1-2 liters of solution are required, so it is better to use an Esmarch mug or carry out manipulations in several approaches.
The temperature of the solution affects the result : a warm enema (36-40 °C) has a pronounced relaxing and antispasmodic effect on the intestines, and stimulates peristalsis more gently compared to a cold hypertensive enema.
Two factors indicate the correct administration of an enema : the patient does not experience pain when inserting the rectal tip; 20-25 minutes after the end of the procedure, the urge to defecate appears.
Video: “How to give an enema?”
Instructions for preparing the solution
At home, to prepare a hypertonic solution you will need 200 ml of ordinary or distilled water , in which 1 tbsp is dissolved. l. finely ground table salt (preferably “extra” class) without dyes, aromatics or any other additives. A solution with magnesium is made in the same way, but at the rate of 20-30 g of dry magnesium sulfate powder per 100 ml of water .
