Umbilical hernia in women: description, causes, symptoms and treatment features

Often people are faced with a disease such as an umbilical hernia. This is a fairly common pathology that occurs not only in adults, but also in children. The main cause of an umbilical hernia is weakening of the anterior abdominal wall and dysfunction of the umbilical ring. If you see that you have a slight protrusion in the navel area, then this is a reason to consult a specialist.

If treatment is not started on time, this can lead to serious consequences. You can read further on how to treat an umbilical hernia in children and adults. And also what preventive measures need to be taken. Be healthy!

Symptoms of hernia in adults

In older people, a hernia appears slowly, starting from a small ball that protrudes only when coughing or lifting heavy objects, and is virtually invisible at rest.

Over time, such a ball increases in size and becomes noticeable to others, causing a person to feel complex. Moreover, during physical activity or heavy lifting, the hernia protrudes outward quite strongly, causing nagging pain in the patient. The patient experiences similar sensations during bowel movements, especially if he suffers from constipation. In this case, the area of ​​protrusion can still be easily pushed into place.

At a certain point, the hernia becomes so large that, bulging out, it ceases to be reduced into the peritoneal area. At the same time, the symptoms of the disease worsen. Pain occurs even with light exertion, the patient experiences constipation and difficulty urinating.

Four main symptoms, diagnosis

The most typical symptoms of the disease:

1. Puffiness, swelling in the navel area, which can be felt with light pressure from the palm of your hand.
2. When bending the torso, coughing, or bowel movements, the protrusion increases in size. In a lying position, it may decrease and cause less discomfort.
3. There may be pain and a burning sensation in the navel area. When coughing, sneezing, lifting heavy objects, or standing or sitting for prolonged periods, pain and discomfort intensify.
4. The skin around the bulge may change color - red, gray or blue.

Attention! Severe swelling and discoloration of the skin in the peri-umbilical area clearly indicate a hernia, while other symptoms are similar to signs of other diseases (endometriosis, ovarian cysts, fibroids, etc.).

If the patient is examined in a supine position on a couch or on a gynecological chair, the protrusion becomes invisible. Ultrasound is also not highly accurate in diagnosing this pathology.

This is why it is difficult to diagnose the disease in women.

Causes of hernia in adults

In adulthood, the development of a hernia is also possible. Predisposing factors here are abdominal injuries, operations in the navel area, obesity, accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, physically difficult work, as well as improper exercise in the gym with overstrain of the abdominal muscles. Even a smoker’s annoying cough can trigger a hernia.

If we talk about women, then the period of pregnancy is especially dangerous for them, when the umbilical ring of the expectant mother stretches due to the growth of the fetus, and the tissues surrounding it atrophy. The walls of the peritoneum weaken before the onslaught of intra-abdominal pressure, and therefore any physical activity during this period can provoke protrusion of the internal organs. The process of childbirth is also a critical moment, when a woman is forced to strongly strain her abdominal muscles.

Recommendations for preventing umbilical hernia

To prevent the development of unpleasant consequences during pregnancy, you must follow these simple rules:

• use specialized underwear and a bandage that reduces the load on the abdominal muscles;
• moderate physical activity;
• special massage;
• a balanced diet, including coarse fiber for proper intestinal function and the absence of constipation.

Usually, after childbirth, an umbilical hernia in women resolves naturally and no longer causes any problems.

Conservative methods of therapy

Treatment is selected depending on the severity of the disease. You need to contact the clinic as early as possible, then the problem will be easier to solve. In addition, this way you can avoid surgery. And for some, surgery is contraindicated.

Massage

This is an excellent assistant for the treatment of various diseases, because it helps accelerate blood circulation. Massage has a positive effect on all metabolic processes in the body, helps improve immunity and restore damaged tissues. If an umbilical hernia appears, it is useful to perform self-massage at home. You can consult with a specialist about technology.

The principles of massaging in this case include: stroking movements are carried out exclusively clockwise, pinching in the area around the navel, rubbing the muscular system of the abdominal cavity.

Physiotherapy

Gymnastics is suitable for treating an umbilical hernia at home. A set of special exercises helps strengthen the muscles of the abdominal wall, improve blood circulation and relieve muscle spasms. The complex should be selected individually. But the contraindications are the same for everyone. Movements should not be sudden, twisting is prohibited, jumping and lifting weights are prohibited.

Exercises can be done only if the protrusion is not severe. To fix the hernia you will need an elastic corset. On average, one exercise can take up to ten minutes. You can simply raise your pelvis by bending your knees in a lying position. Turning the body in different directions while standing also helps. Breathing exercises are another helper for fighting the disease; it helps saturate the body with oxygen.

Umbilical bandage

Another conservative method of treating an umbilical hernia at home is a bandage. This is a special support belt that helps reduce the load on the abdomen and abs, which allows them to be in a calm state during the therapy period. It is useful to wear a bandage after surgery to prevent relapse. If there are any complications, especially intestinal obstruction, wearing a belt is contraindicated.

The bandage can be rigid, elastic and universal. The corset should be used in conjunction with other treatment methods. This will help you recover faster. The belt should be comfortable, and it should be worn from morning to evening.

Using the patch

This option is suitable for treating umbilical hernia at home in newborns. It is applied in a special way, so parents should learn the technique of use from a pediatrician. The patch allows the navel to be in the correct position. It also helps the hole in the umbilical ring heal faster. Today they produce very comfortable patches, consisting of two parts. Therefore, their fixation is easy to adjust.

Treatment

The only effective method of treating an umbilical hernia in an adult is surgery.
The only treatment for umbilical hernia in adults is its surgical removal. Despite the fact that in recent years information about therapy through hernia reduction has often been found in the media and on the Internet, the risk of developing severe complications from such treatment remains extremely high and can lead to irreversible consequences.

Surgery for an umbilical hernia may be postponed in uncomplicated forms of the disease in pregnant women or in cases of concomitant diseases aggravating the general condition of the patient (acute or aggravated chronic diseases, pulmonary or heart failure, etc.). In other cases, the patient may be recommended several methods of surgical removal of the hernia.

Depending on the characteristics of the umbilical hernia, the following is carried out:

1. Tension hernioplasty – plastic surgery is performed using local tissues using the Mayo and Sapezhko method. The surgeon sutures the edges of the umbilical ring with the edges of the aponeurosis in two layers in the transverse or vertical direction. In obese patients, excess fat tissue may be removed. The disadvantages of this technique are the long-term rehabilitation of the patient and the possible development of relapses of the umbilical hernia.
2. Plastic surgery with mesh implants – plastic surgery is performed with special materials (“patches”) that are inert to internal tissues. The surgeon may place this mesh above (just under the skin) or below the umbilical ring. This technique has no disadvantages and can be used even for large hernias. The risk of repeated relapses is minimal – 1%.

Surgeries can be performed traditionally or using laparoscopy. Local or general anesthesia is used to numb the procedure.

After removal of the hernia, the patient is recommended to wear a special bandage, which helps reduce pressure on the suture. After the operations (on the same day), the patient is allowed to get out of bed. In the following days, physical activity is gradually increased. The duration of wearing the bandage will be determined individually. After 10–14 days, the patient is allowed to engage in jogging, but strength training and heavy lifting are allowed only a month after surgery (even after laparoscopic surgery).

Massotherapy

Massage for an umbilical hernia is performed by a specialist, and you can also learn from him about light movements that can be performed independently at home. With the help of massage, as with exercise therapy, you can relieve swelling and increase muscle tone. Approximate treatment regimen at home:

1. Begin the massage by stroking around the navel in a clockwise direction. The movements are made with the edge of the palm, alternating hands.
2. Then they switch to transverse movements: the fingers of the left hand are placed to the left of the hernia, and the fingers of the right hand are placed to the right. Mirror parallel movements up and down begin.
3. Proceed to stroking movements: from the sides to the middle of the abdomen, applying light pressure, apply with fingers or palm.
4. Complete the massage with light pinching of the skin in the navel area.

All movements should be careful, without intense pressure. If pain occurs, the massage should be stopped and consult a doctor.

Diagnostics

Making a diagnosis is usually not a problem. Diagnosis of the disease is based on data obtained from the collection of complaints and anamnesis, an objective examination of the patient and instrumental diagnostics. To clarify the diagnosis, they resort to x-ray examination of the abdominal organs, fibrogastroduodenoscopy, and ultrasound of the abdominal cavity. Instrumental diagnostic methods make it possible to obtain the necessary information about the internal organs that are included in the hernial sac, the severity of the adhesive process, and intestinal patency.

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity with an umbilical hernia allows you to assess the condition of the internal organs

Differential diagnosis is carried out with a hernia of the white line of the abdomen, metastases of stomach cancer in the navel area, extragenital endometriosis with damage to the navel.

In most cases, umbilical hernia occurs in children. The disease is diagnosed in approximately 20% of full-term infants and 30% of premature infants.

Traditional treatments using herbs and products

An infusion of plakun herbs is used as a folk remedy for umbilical hernias.
The use of decoctions, compresses, infusions and tinctures internally and externally supports the treatment of umbilical hernia at home in adult patients. Among the methods of herbal medicine, the most effective are those taken orally:

• Infusion of weeping herb. The leaves of the plant are crushed and poured with 1 tbsp. l. a glass of boiling water. When the product has cooled, take 50 ml 3-4 times a day. If you have constipation, hypertension and gastrointestinal diseases, plakun-grass should not be taken.
• Cornflower decoction. Take 3 tsp. dried flowers and 1 liter of water, boil for 10 minutes. Strain after cooling and take 400 ml throughout the day. Cornflower decoctions are prohibited for gynecological disorders.
• Plantain seeds. Grind a few tablespoons of seeds in a coffee grinder and take ¼ tsp 10 times a day. If you have blood diseases or blood clots, you should not take this herb. The same applies to people with stomach ulcers and high acidity.
• Rhubarb decoction. Take several stems of fresh root and boil for 6 hours, take 1 glass of decoction per day.
• Tincture of shepherd's purse. Take a 3 liter jar and fill it with fresh grass, fill it with vodka and leave for 10 days. Strain and take 0.5 tsp. 3 times a day.

Another effective recipe is a decoction of aspen bark. Take 2-3 tbsp. l. crushed product and boil in 1 liter of water. Take 2 tbsp. l. 4-5 times a day.

Compresses for umbilical hernia

The course of treatment with onion compresses is 2 months.
Compresses are one of the most effective ways to treat a hernia at home in adults. The following products are used for this:

• red clay - prepared according to the recipe, applied to the sore spot until completely dry;
• oatmeal - the flakes are crushed and a thick jelly is prepared, then applied to the hernia for several hours;
• honey and nettle - fresh herbs are crushed and mixed with bee product;
• baked onion - 1 head is heated in the oven and applied to the hernia for 1 hour until it cools;
• resin - melt pine raw materials and apply to the navel;
• water with vinegar - dilute 1 tsp. 6% vinegar in a glass of water, moisten a napkin and apply to the affected area.

You can also use decoctions of hernial hernia, larch bark, and cherry branches for compresses.

Camphor oil for pathology

You can wipe the sore area with camphor oil: heat it, cool it, form a small ball and lubricate the umbilical area. Apply the ball and secure with adhesive tape. Perform over several weeks.

Metal therapy for hernia

The coin is fixed with a plaster and left for a day.
For this method, a copper coin is used. It is washed, boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and applied to the sore spot. Fix with adhesive tape and leave for a day. Then remove, wash the skin and coin with soapy water. Repeat the procedure once every 3 days.

You can use another method with copper utensils: take spoons, glasses, coasters and other metal products, soak them in a soapy solution, and boil them. When they have cooled, transfer them to cold water and leave for 1-2 days. Use water to wipe the hernia.

Treating an umbilical hernia at home is less effective than surgery. But due to contraindications, not all people can use the services of a surgeon. An integrated approach, following doctor’s recommendations and regular use of home methods can help people avoid complications and the development of a hernia.

httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=embed/AcxSfUYoxao

Treatment of the disease

The only treatment option for the disease for adults is surgery by a surgeon. If surgery is contraindicated for certain reasons, wearing a special bandage is recommended, but this measure is temporary and is not a treatment.

Hernia surgery is a relatively simple procedure, takes approximately 20–30 minutes and is performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, the protrusion is eliminated: after a thorough examination, a section of the intestine is straightened and returned to its place, provided that the organ is viable. If there is a malnutrition of the strangulated intestine, it is removed. Weak spots in the abdominal wall are secured with sutures.

If the hernia was too large, a special mesh graft may be used to strengthen the problem area.

The patient can be discharged on the day of surgery, but the recovery period lasts longer. There will be discomfort and mild pain in the operated area for some time.

After surgery it is recommended:

• being on sick leave for 1–2 weeks,
• restriction of physical activity for a period of 2 weeks.

Within a month, the patient can return to the previous level of physical activity.

Possible risks and complications

Complications after this operation are rare. The main risks are:

• wound infection (treated with antibiotics);
• relapse of the disease;
• weakness, dizziness, numbness of the legs (can be observed immediately after surgery and usually goes away within a few hours).

After surgery, the belly button looks normal, but there may be some changes in its size and shape.

Classification of umbilical hernias

In a general sense, umbilical hernias can be congenital or acquired. Congenital is a hernia of the umbilical cord, which forms at the embryonic stage, and acquired is a hernia that occurs during the life of a child or an adult.

In an adult, a hernia can be direct or oblique. They differ in the way they bulge. A direct hernia occurs when the muscles of the transverse fascia become thin. In this case, the intestine protrudes directly through the navel. In the case of an indirect hernia, a bulge forms above the umbilical ring, in the gap between the umbilical canal and the linea alba.

Finally, hernias are divided into reducible and irreducible. For example, a strangulated umbilical hernia is considered irreducible.

Causes

The umbilical ring is a hole in the linea alba, which has sharp and smooth edges formed by the tendon fibers (aponeuroses) of all the broad abdominal muscles. The navel does not include subcutaneous tissue and loose adipose tissue. Here is the ductus venosus, which connects the superficial vessels of the abdominal cavity with the portal trunk, which collects blood from the stomach, spleen and intestines and then transports it to the liver.

There is no muscle cover around the navel, so this area is considered the most vulnerable to the formation of a hernia.

The cause of the pathological phenomenon is tendon weakness near the navel. Normally, collagen fibers and muscles have a close anatomical structure, which allows the abdominal cavity to be maintained in a stable position.

Part of the intestine, fat or fluid is pushed out through the weakened abdominal muscle

When deviations occur as a result of the load, a small hole appears into which nearby internal organs can flow. Despite the preservation of blood circulation and organ function, the pathology needs to be corrected, since there is a high risk of strangulation of the umbilical hernia.

Traditional treatment of umbilical hernia in children

Practice shows that traditional treatment for umbilical hernia does not actually help adults. But for young patients at the initial stage of protrusion development, some methods can provide significant assistance. Let's look at them.

Butter and propolis ointment

Having melted the butter (50 g), add propolis tincture (1 tsp) to it and mix the ingredients thoroughly. Apply the finished mixture to the area of ​​protrusion in the form of a compress, leaving it overnight, and in the morning, rinsing off the product and applying an iodine mesh.

Rhubarb root decoction

A glass of chopped herbs should be filled with water so that it covers the greens, put on the stove and simmer over low heat for 2 hours. After filtering the product, you need to take it 1/3 cup a day until the problem disappears. This product is not suitable for children under 6 years of age.

Cabbage brine and potatoes

After moistening the gauze in cabbage brine, apply it to the area of ​​the protrusion, and press it on top with a piece of fresh potato, then secure it with a band-aid. This compress should be kept for 6 hours daily.

Garlic compress

After crushing a clove of garlic to a paste, wrap it in a piece of gauze and apply it to the hernia, securing it with a bandage on top. You need to keep this compress for no more than 4 hours a day, making sure that the child does not get burned.

Applying a copper coin

This is the most popular method of treating umbilical hernia among people. Just apply a copper coin to the problem area and secure it with a band-aid, leaving this kind of compress on all night. This method has its own nuances: it is better to take a coin that was issued from the 30th to the 61st years of the last century, and even better, if before the revolution. It is believed that such coins contain more copper, which helps to quickly get rid of this trouble.

Most of the above methods use a medical adhesive tape. Gluing it to the skin will not be difficult. How can I unstick it? After all, this is a rather painful procedure for a child. But there is always a way out. A couple of hours before you are going to peel it off, you need to moisten the adhesive plaster with vegetable oil or liquid Vaseline. Don’t worry, it won’t come off until the specified time. After such manipulations, you will remove it without any problems.

Take care of yourself and your children!

Complications of the disease

If you do not try to eliminate the hernia with the help of qualified specialists, the following complications may occur during its development:

1. Inflammatory process in the peri-umbilical area.
2. Severe fecal stagnation, which is much more serious than simple constipation.
3. Incarceration of the hernial sac.

Any of the above manifestations occurs at any stage of the development of the disease. The protrusion of the hernia may be small, but the inflammatory process is serious. This is due to the individual characteristics of the female body and predisposition to various associated ailments. These include constipation, intestinal flatulence, and obesity.

After childbirth, many women experience constipation. They pass quickly due to the gradual normalization of all processes in the body. If there is fecal retention or protrusion of the peri-umbilical area, the hernia should be treated. It often occurs as a result of a difficult pregnancy or difficult childbirth.

In advanced cases, it is possible to develop peritonitis, severe pain in the navel, and symptoms of intoxication caused by pinching of internal organs in the gastrointestinal tract. Body temperature may rise and muscle pain may appear.

Treatment of umbilical hernia in adults

For adult patients diagnosed with an umbilical hernia, surgical treatment is indicated in 100% of cases. Moreover, depending on the existing protrusion, this may be:

Tension hernioplasty

This is a traditional method of repairing an umbilical hernia, in which the defect is hidden by stretching the patient’s tissues and skin. This method is also used to eliminate hernia in children.

Tension-free hernioplasty

During this operation, the patient is fitted with a special mesh that closes the hernial opening. The patient's own tissues are not contracted.

Let us also add that hernioplasty can be performed in various ways. This can be a strip or laparoscopic operation. The second method is more preferable, as it allows the operation to be performed using 3 punctures on the skin, which minimizes postoperative complications.

By the way, if the operation is performed on a patient with obesity and a large apron of skin and fat, in parallel, abdominal surgery with navel transfer can be performed.

As for postoperative recovery, tension hernioplasty involves limiting physical activity for a period of up to 1 year. The likelihood of relapse after such an intervention is quite high. The installation of a mesh prosthesis in this regard is a more reliable operation, as it shortens the rehabilitation period to 1 month, and the number of relapses in this case does not exceed 1%.

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How to treat an umbilical hernia

This disease is treated by a surgeon. Treatment tactics vary depending on the age of the patients.

Surgeons recommend conservative treatment for children under 3 years of age. In adult patients, the only method of getting rid of this defect is surgery.

The operation can be performed laparoscopically (using small punctures of the anterior abdominal wall and the introduction of special manipulation instruments), or in a standard way.

Patients undergo autoplasty (closure of the defect through which internal organs fall out using their own tissues) using the following method:

• Sapezhko;
• Mayo.

These are specific surgical techniques that have their own characteristics in the surgical technique, but have a common essence: the umbilical ring is first dissected and then sutured with application to the aponeurosis of the white line of the abdomen, followed by attachment to the fascia of the abdominal muscles.

Thus, a strong barrier is created from sewn own tissues, which the internal organs are no longer able to overcome.

Mesh for umbilical hernia

In some cases, when performing a surgical operation to eliminate an umbilical hernia, in order to close the hernial orifice, an endoprosthesis is inserted into the patient’s body - a polypropylene mesh, which acts as abdominal fascia and strengthens the anterior wall of the patient’s abdomen, preventing prolapse of the viscera.

These specialized meshes can be absorbable or non-absorbable. The doctor decides which one is necessary in each specific case.

Modern mesh endoprostheses are characterized by high strength, the absence of allergic reactions to the materials from which they are made and excellent patient tolerance.

Treatment of umbilical hernia in pregnant women

The most difficult treatment tactics are for patients in an “interesting situation.” If a hernia in a pregnant woman does not cause her significant discomfort and there are no signs of strangulation, surgical treatment should be delayed and, if possible, carried out after delivery.

To prevent the progression of the condition, the patient must wear a support bandage that prevents overstretching of the abdominal muscles and the growth of hernial protrusion, as well as use special compression garments.

Pregnant women with this pathology should be regularly observed and examined by a surgeon. If the slightest signs of complication of the pathology appear, the woman should be hospitalized in a hospital for possible surgical treatment.

Postoperative period

Immediately after surgery, patients are recommended to wear a support bandage for 1-1.5 months until the structure and function of the muscle tissue in the surgical area is restored.

Patients should monitor their diet; it should be enriched with fiber and fermented milk products that soften the stool. Fasting and eating dry food is unacceptable. You need to eat little and often, watch your stool and avoid constipation.

In the first few months, it is necessary to refrain from excessive physical activity and straining, since the body and abdominal muscles have not yet become stronger.

Treatment of umbilical hernia in children

Children require hernia treatment in rare cases, since this anomaly tends to self-heal with age. Therefore, doctors, given the patient’s young age, choose a wait-and-see approach.

To help strengthen the anterior abdominal wall, it is useful to regularly place the baby on his tummy, give him massages, exercise therapy and swimming. As a conservative treatment, the pediatrician may prescribe wearing a bandage or sticking an adhesive plaster to prevent protrusion. Practice shows that with the diameter of the umbilical ring not exceeding 1.5 cm, the hernia heals on its own up to 7 years.

If the baby’s hernia has reached a large size and has not disappeared by the age of 7, if the child complains of nagging pain in the navel and there is a risk of strangulation, the young patient is scheduled for surgery.

This operation is called tension hernioplasty. With it, the surgeon returns the protruding area to the abdominal cavity, removes the hernial sac, suturing the small intestine and strengthening the walls of the peritoneum so that the patient does not experience a relapse. The operation is performed under local anesthesia and takes no more than 30 minutes. There are practically no traces of the surgical intervention, and the young patient himself will be able to go home within a few hours after the operation, accompanied by his parents.

When a child’s hernia is complicated by strangulation, specialists perform an urgent operation to remove the necrotic part of the small intestine and its subsequent restoration.

Complication

The retention and accumulation of intestinal contents in the intestinal loop trapped in the hernial sac causes a complication called coprostasis.

The most severe and dangerous complication is a strangulated hernia, which can lead to death if surgery is not performed in a timely manner. Incarceration often develops during muscle tension, for example, when lifting heavy objects, during bowel movements, coughing, etc. In these cases, when the pressure in the abdominal cavity increases, intestinal loops slip into the hernial sac, which are strangulated in the hernial orifice. In this case, compression of the vessels feeding the intestinal wall occurs; hemorrhages appear in the intestinal wall, its swelling, followed by necrosis of part of the wall, and sometimes the entire intestinal loop. Bacteria penetrate into the abdominal cavity through the dead intestinal wall and inflammation of the peritoneum develops - peritonitis.

Compression of the intestinal wall in the hernial orifice can cause the cessation of passage of its contents through the intestines, resulting in intoxication (poisoning) of products absorbed from the intestines, and intestinal obstruction develops.

Symptoms of hernia in children

If we talk about congenital umbilical hernia, then this is one of the factors of severe fetal pathologies that are actually incompatible with life. In an embryo with such a defect, as a rule, ectopia of the bladder, ectopia of the heart and underdevelopment of the pubic symphysis are found. A child born with such defects, as a rule, dies on the 3rd day from pneumonia, peritonitis and sepsis. Cases of survival are rare and are the exception.

Doctors give a much more favorable prognosis in the case of an acquired hernia. In a child, this problem most often appears in the first year of life and is rather a cosmetic defect. The hernia does not cause discomfort, is not prone to strangulation, and does not provoke other serious health problems.

A small bulge, within 1–3 cm in diameter, appears when the baby strains, coughs forcefully or cries, and at rest it becomes almost invisible. In the area of ​​bulging, you can notice the presence of pigmentation. If this problem is not dealt with at a tender age, as the child grows older, he or she may face severe manifestations of a hernia.

However, over the years, a child rarely develops a strangulated hernia. But if this complication does develop, it can be noticed by a change in the color of the protrusion, bloating, nausea and vomiting, as well as severe pain in the navel area. This is a dangerous phenomenon that can threaten the baby with the development of intestinal obstruction, and then necrosis of part of the intestine.

Hernias in women

In femoral hernias, which most often develop in women, the viscera exits the abdominal cavity through the femoral canal. The femoral canal, as such, does not exist. This name refers to the place where large vessels of the lower limb exit from the abdominal cavity onto the thigh.

On the side of the abdominal cavity in this place there is a depression - a fossa. Under unfavorable conditions, protrusion of the abdominal wall occurs in this area, followed by the formation of a hernial sac and the development of a hernia.

Children and women often develop hernias in the navel area, so-called umbilical hernias, and in men, hernias of the white (middle) line of the abdomen.

A special place is occupied by hernias that develop in the area of ​​extensive scars that occur in places of injury to the abdominal wall or in the area of ​​postoperative scars - postoperative hernias - if the surgical wound took a long time to heal with symptoms of suppuration.

Physiotherapy

To avoid having to remove the hernia through surgery in the future, you should pay attention to physical activity. It is thanks to them that it is possible to strengthen muscles and improve blood circulation.

The load is determined individually, but even for men it should be moderate. In addition, it is recommended not to start exercising on your own, but to visit a physiotherapy office and find out whether it is possible to cure a hernia using only exercise therapy.

The following exercises have a positive effect on the condition of patients with this disease.

Initial position	Execution technique
Lying on your back. Legs straightened.	We bend our back as much as possible. Repeat 10 times.
Lying on your back. Legs are bent.	Slowly raise the pelvis. Repeat 15 times.
Lying on your back. Legs are bent.	Without raising our heads, we reach our hands towards our heels.
Emphasis on palms and knees.	We do push-ups. Repeat no more than five times.
Lying on your back. Legs are straight.	Slowly inhale through your nose, filling your belly. Exhalation is done through the mouth.

To obtain a pronounced effect, all possible methods should be used. Only a combination of traditional medicine with massage, gymnastics and wearing a bandage will give a pronounced and, most importantly, lasting result.

The umbilical hernia will be discussed in the video:

httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=embed/Vf9t7whhYng

How to deal with dangerous manifestations?

Umbilical hernia in women, the treatment of which most doctors offer only surgery, is successfully eliminated using various techniques. Postpartum hernias are not operated on immediately, but six months later. Therapy often gives superficial results, but the root of the problem cannot be eliminated with drugs. The operation is performed in a standard way, or using laparoscopy. For a long time after the manipulation, the woman has to wear a bandage to reduce the load on the abdominal cavity. Over time, after a series of exercises and diet, everything returns to normal.

If the pathology is minor, it is permissible to eliminate the hernia with medication or using traditional recipes. This reduces pain and slows down the growth of the tumor. Procedures must be carried out daily. Only persistent long-term efforts will solve the problem.

Causes of navel protrusion

An umbilical hernia can occur in both women and men. Quite often it occurs in infancy. Childhood pathology is associated with the fact that the child cries for a long time, and this leads to overstrain of the abdominal cavity.

It happens that a child is born with weakened organs. Protrusion can be provoked by the consumption of alcoholic beverages or antibiotics by a pregnant woman.

In the adult population, other reasons are noted:

• pregnancy and difficult childbirth;
• obesity and genetic predisposition;
• hard physical labor;
• sudden lifting of weights with a sedentary lifestyle;
• chronic constipation;
• scarring of tissue in the navel area that occurs after surgery.

Symptoms

At the initial stage, an umbilical hernia may be asymptomatic.
Only with a careful examination can a slight protrusion be detected. As the pathology progresses, the hernia increases in size, which becomes noticeable to the naked eye.

If the patient coughs violently or lifts an excessive weight, pain and nausea may occur. At this stage, the hernial sac can be pulled inward, so treatment is carried out non-surgically.

Further, the patient’s urination and bowel movements are disrupted, constipation and excessive pain appear. The person experiences frequent vomiting and rapid growth of the hernia.

In this case, it becomes impossible to push the pouch inside, which is why surgery is used.

Causes of umbilical hernia

Doctors most often diagnose a genetic predisposition to the disease in those patients who turn to them for help in treating an umbilical hernia. However, there are other causes of umbilical ring defects:

• obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, and, as a result, undeveloped abdominal muscles;
• anorexia, accompanied by atrophy of muscles and internal organs;
• poor nutrition, diseases of the gastrointestinal system, chronic constipation;
• injuries in the abdominal area;
• the presence of postoperative scars;
• diseases of internal organs: prostate adenoma, liver cirrhosis;
• pregnancy and gestation, which involves pressure on the abdominal cavity;
• work involving heavy physical labor and heavy lifting.

Having found out the cause, you should immediately seek help from a qualified specialist, since an umbilical hernia in women in an advanced form can lead to such unpleasant consequences as infringement of the abdominal organs, intoxication of the body and tissue atrophy.

Metal therapy in treatment

It is necessary to clean the surface of the copper as much as possible

Please note that the coin should be processed on both sides. It is also necessary to make several through holes, which will increase the effectiveness of treatment

All surfaces must be perfectly smooth so as not to injure the skin. Now the nickel can be used. To do this, it is applied to the hernia and fixed with a plaster. The coin is left on the skin for 24 hours.

After this time, you should remove it and wash your skin with soap and water. The presence of greenish spots indicates that the metal has reacted. You need to repeat the procedure after 2-3 days, but you are allowed to use the same coin.

The use of a copper coin can reduce the protrusion of a hernia

In addition to this method, you can use another one. For this you will need any copper items. They should be cleaned and filled with water. After it has been infused for three days, it can be used to treat the skin in the area of ​​protrusion.

Surgery

Open way

A long incision is made in the area of ​​the protrusion, allowing the hernial contents to be separated and examined. If signs of necrosis and inflammation are detected, part of the tissue is removed, after which the organs are inserted into the abdominal cavity. The hernial orifice is closed by suturing its own tissue or installing a mesh implant.

Laparoscopy

All manipulations are carried out using miniature instruments inserted through small punctures. Feeding images onto a monitor helps the surgeon monitor the progress of the operation. The intervention is performed according to a standard scheme, the hernial orifice is eliminated by introducing an implant. The operation has a short recovery period and minimal risk of complications.

Laparoscopy surgery has a short recovery period and minimal risk of complications.

Causes of infant umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernia is quite common in newborns and children under 5 years of age. This is due to the fact that the umbilical ring in some children can grow together very slowly, as a result of which a free cavity remains for some time under the healed navel, in which blood vessels were located before birth. When babies cry, intra-abdominal pressure increases, a loop of intestine falls into this cavity and the navel involuntarily protrudes. The greatest likelihood of an umbilical hernia occurring is in babies with a restless character, that is, those who like to scream.

Frequent constipation also contributes to the appearance of umbilical hernia in children, when the child has to frequently and for a long time strain the abdominal muscles to empty the intestines.

In old age, hernias are often not operated on, so you can use folk remedies to treat hernias.

General description of the disease

A hernia is a pathological manifestation associated with subcutaneous release of a segment of internal organs through the abdominal wall. The umbilical zone is especially sensitive to pressure from the internal organs, so you can visually notice them protruding through the hernial sac. In children who acquire this defect through birth trauma, with properly established life-activity procedures, everything returns to normal quite quickly. As for adult patients, even with treatment, an enlarged umbilical ring is not always possible to quickly return to its previous position. Often, an umbilical hernia in women is diagnosed in middle age; the onset of the disease is associated with stretching of the umbilical ring during gestation, and then with atrophy of the stretched tissues in the area of ​​the umbilical ring.

Causes and symptoms

The cause of the disease is the divergence of the abdominal muscles in the umbilical region, which can be caused by several factors:

Excessive exercise can lead to an umbilical hernia.

• Excessive physical activity;
• Carrying a child;
• Uncontrolled weight gain;
• Rapidly developing tumors;
• Difficulty defecating (constipation);
• Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

The size of the formation can range from 2-3 to 20 cm in diameter. A small umbilical hernia usually does not cause any discomfort to the patient, except for aesthetic reasons. It is easily and painlessly adjusted into the navel on its own and is practically invisible in the lying position.

If the disease progresses, the umbilical hernia increases in size and provokes the following symptoms:

• Constipation;
• Nausea;
• Pain in the navel area even with minor physical exertion.

Painful sensations also appear when trying to push, laugh, cough, and simply in movement.

In case of acute pain, local fever, signs of intoxication, refuse treatment of an umbilical hernia with folk remedies and immediately call an ambulance.

Prevention

To prevent the development of an umbilical hernia, a number of rules should be followed:

• train abdominal muscles;
• avoid excessive physical activity and heavy lifting;
• monitor your own weight;
• Healthy food;
• wear a bandage during pregnancy.

Remember that an uncomplicated umbilical hernia is easily treated surgically and has the most favorable prognosis, and the lack of timely treatment leads to severe and sometimes irreversible consequences. Listen to your doctor's advice and don't delay surgery! Modern surgery can offer patients minimally traumatic types of interventions that work well, do not cause relapses of the disease and do not leave ugly marks and scars on the patient’s body.

Causes of hernia in children

Very often this problem appears in newborn babies. The fact is that after the umbilical cord falls off, the navel opening begins to close and become overgrown with connective tissue. Normally, this process is supported by the abdominal muscles. But if a newborn has a hereditary weakness of the abdominal muscles, there is a high probability that the baby will develop an abdominal hernia.

The occurrence of protrusion in a baby is facilitated by constant constipation, severe crying or increased gas production. This is especially true for premature babies.

Often, an umbilical hernia develops in a baby at the moment when he begins to walk, especially if the baby begins to stand on his feet early, and the abdominal muscles are still too weak. In addition, doctors include Down syndrome, Harler syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism, intestinal dysbiosis and lactase deficiency as risk factors for the development of umbilical hernia.

Signs of the disease

The main signs are pain in the abdomen in the navel area (especially during coughing) and the appearance of a bulge in the peri-umbilical area. Nausea and a tendency to constipation may also occur.

The bulge in the navel area may increase in volume during a convulsive cough or during bowel movements, and in a calm state it decreases.

Another sign may be a change in the color of the skin of the abdomen in the navel area. The skin may turn grey, blue or red. And this is the surest sign, since the appearance of a bulge can also indicate other diseases - fibroma, cyst, and so on. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist and undergo diagnostic procedures, rather than self-medicate.

When a hernia is strangulated, sharp pain, vomiting or nausea occurs. Blood may appear in the stool. The affected abdominal area becomes noticeably tense. These symptoms cannot be ignored.

Why is an umbilical hernia dangerous? When pinched, the blood supply to the woman’s body is disrupted. Necrosis of body tissues, and even death, can occur. It is necessary to undergo treatment.

Unconventional methods of treatment

When it was possible to identify the disease in the early stages of development and the hernial sac has not yet formed, then you can resort to the methods offered by traditional medicine. Also, with the help of herbal infusions and lotions, it is permissible to alleviate the patient’s condition in situations where surgical intervention is impossible. These include:

Last trimester of pregnancy; Exacerbations of chronic diseases; Pulmonary and heart failure.

Folk remedies used by adherents of alternative medicine for umbilical hernia:

• Lotions, compresses, rubbing;
• Decoctions and infusions for oral administration;
• Massages;
• Diet.

Healers use prayers and spells to eliminate the problem described. The effectiveness of such treatment is not explained in any way by science, but it does not cause harm. If you sincerely believe in the effectiveness of prayers, then you will resort to this method, but only using other folk remedies for umbilical hernia in combination.

Umbilical hernia in women - treatment without surgery

In some cases, surgery is not required. How dangerous can an umbilical hernia be in women? Treatment will depend on the symptoms of the disease.

At the initial stage of development, you can relieve symptoms using various non-traditional means on your own. However, such treatment applies only to simple forms of the disease.

Early stage of the disease and the use of compresses

The hernia is located under a thin layer of skin. It is for this reason that quite often treatment with folk remedies involves the use of lotions and all kinds of compresses. The following tips will help reduce the umbilical defect:

The protrusion is wiped with a napkin, which is pre-moistened in water with the addition of vinegar. To obtain the effect, a teaspoon of 6% solution per glass of water is enough. After such a bath, you can apply gauze soaked in oak decoction. It is not the infusion that is especially effective, but the tincture of wine.

Vinegar compresses are used to treat an umbilical hernia.

• Hernial has an excellent effect. The herb is evaporated in water and then applied to the sore spot. The duration of such a compress is no more than half an hour.
• A fairly common method of treatment is to make compresses from a decoction on larch bark. To obtain the effect, you can do up to three procedures per day.
• There are also more accessible methods, for example, a decoction of cherry branches. This method will not only increase muscle tone, but also relieve inflammation.
• Salt lotions also have a positive effect on the condition of the hernia. To do this, salt is poured into a cloth bag and tied. After this, it should be moistened and immediately applied to the protrusion. This will help relieve pain and slightly reduce the size of the hernia.
• Turpentine lotions do a good job. To avoid harming yourself, you should be especially careful about the dosage. For 50 milliliters of milk you can add no more than 6 drops of turpentine. This compress will not cause skin burns.

The use of honey shows good results in the treatment of hernia

• Without surgery, you can cure a hernia with honey. To do this, one spoon of natural honey should be spread evenly over the skin over the hernia. Next, the composition is covered with paper on top. For warmth, you can use a regular towel, but you can fix it all with a scarf.
• You can supplement honey compresses with an iodine mesh. To do this, every morning after taking a shower, apply a pattern to dry skin with a cotton swab dipped in an iodine solution.
• If you have an umbilical hernia in adults, you can make your own ointment. To do this you will need butter, a teaspoon of propolis and a container for melting the butter. The ingredients are mixed. Used to lubricate the skin over the hernia before going to bed. In the morning, the skin is washed and dried.

Application of iodine mesh is used as an addition to honey compresses

At the early stage of the disease, folk remedies practice the widespread use of compresses, which can reduce a minor defect, promote keratinization and strengthen the thin layer of skin covering the protrusion. Hernia compresses are the most common, frequently used alternative therapy.

The arsenal of components used to make compresses is quite wide and varied. For compresses and lotions, vinegar and turpentine are used, salt, which is moistened and tied in a fabric bag to the hernia, honey, insulated and fixed on top with a warm bandage, a decoction of cherry branches or larch bark.

A particularly effective effect will be obtained from a herb called hernia, which is steamed in water and then applied to the sore spot for half an hour. A homemade ointment made from butter and propolis can stay on the hernia overnight, after which it is washed off with water and the affected area is wiped dry.

There is also a less inconvenient method of metal therapy, which consists of soaking any copper object in water for three days, after which the resulting infusion is used for compresses on the navel. The widespread practice of treatment is with compresses made from sauerkraut juice, in which the area of ​​the lotion is covered with a fresh potato cut.

Treatment with compresses and applications, according to adherents of such methods, can not only reduce the risks associated with pathology, but also contribute to its complete disappearance. The main goal of such therapy is to prevent microbial damage to the thin skin of the hernial formation, prevent (or treat) inflammatory processes, and strengthen the affected area of ​​the anterior abdominal wall. For the same purpose, the patient wears a special bandage or support bandage.

Such products can only be used if certain precautions are taken to avoid rupture of the hernia skin due to careless handling, damage caused by the use of low-quality products, and the occurrence of individual allergic reactions characteristic of herbal preparations

Features of the disease in pregnant women

During pregnancy, women are especially susceptible to umbilical disease.

hernia. Most often, this is not a reason to have a cesarean section. A woman can give birth on her own, but must notify the doctor about her problem and wear a prenatal bandage. The matter is often limited to monitoring the patient, and the operation is not performed. But if pain and other signs of illness appear, you should urgently see a doctor.

If surgery is necessary, it is done in the middle of pregnancy, from the 4th to the 6th month inclusive.

Hernia reduction

Using a patch to reduce an umbilical hernia
A protrusion can be corrected at home, especially if it concerns a child. For adults, things are more complicated - you cannot do without the help of a health worker. A hernia can be repaired only after diagnosis using ultrasound and x-rays. If organs get into the hernial sac, you can worsen your health and provoke strangulation.

The doctor can correct the protrusion by visiting your home. To do this, he gently moves the hernial sac into place and applies a plaster. Patients are often advised to wear a bandage after the procedure. You need to be prepared for the fact that reduction in adults is not always an effective method.

Bandage and patch for hernia

To permanently remove an umbilical hernia at home, you need to resort to complex methods. Bandage and plaster – necessary procedures:

• the support bandage is put on so that it secures the umbilical ring;
• wear the accessory no more than 7-8 hours a day during physical activity;
• It is best to use an elastic or universal bandage;
• put it on a thin T-shirt or bare body.

Symptoms

The main symptom of the disease is an unnatural protrusion of a certain area around the navel or the navel itself. With careful palpation, a compaction measuring from one to ten centimeters or more is determined. In the history of medicine, there have been giant hernial formations containing an entire organ!

Usually the disease is sluggish, not bothering the woman for many months and even years. Initially, the patient notices a small painless protrusion, and then a number of characteristic signs:

• swelling of the skin and swelling around the raised area;
• when you press the navel, rumbling occurs in the stomach;
• the appearance of protrusion after provoking factors, such as coughing, sneezing, lifting weights, sudden physical movement, prolonged standing;
• the lump itself and the area around it becomes painful, itching and burning are also possible;
• the skin is hyperemic, sometimes a bluish tint may be observed.

Tactile (palpation) examination of the hernia should be carried out strictly in an upright position!

Symptoms that develop with an advanced hernia:

• nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite;
• frequent and volumetric urination;
• prolonged constipation;
• frequent release of gases from the gastrointestinal tract;
• systematic pain in the epigastric region;
• impossibility of repositioning the navel.

Many people believe that a hernia is not a reason to see a doctor, because the tumor can be easily repaired on its own. This is an erroneous opinion, since such bulges lead to an adhesive process (fusion with neighboring tissues), infringement of a part of the organ (most often the intestines or omentum) that has penetrated the hernial sac. This can become a real and acute problem, leading to necrosis (death) of the area that has inevitably fallen into the “trap”. In such cases, surgical intervention is performed in the form of a planned or emergency operation.

Complications of umbilical hernia

If the prolapse of part of the esophagus does not force the patient to see a doctor and agree to surgery, there is a high probability of the following complications:

Infringement

If the protruding part of the intestine becomes pinched in the opening of the navel, the patient will immediately feel it through acute pain. In addition to pain, a person suffers from nausea, vomiting and developing constipation. Blood does not flow to the strangulated area, and therefore literally after 2-3 hours necrotic processes begin in it. At the same time, the pain increases, and the patient’s well-being worsens. After about 8 hours, the wall of the small intestine finally dies and the patient begins to develop peritonitis. And this is a threat of death.

Intestinal obstruction

With this pathological condition, the part of the intestine caught in the hernia becomes clogged with feces, which causes caprostosis. This condition poses a serious danger, because if the patient is not helped within several hours, he may vomit (including fecal vomiting), and then severe intoxication of the body will develop, which will turn into peritonitis.

irreducible hernia

In this case, the hernial contents merge with the hernial sac in the area of ​​passage through the navel. This condition can occur without pronounced symptoms for quite a long time, but in the end it is still complicated by coprostasis and partial intestinal obstruction. In addition, irreducible hernias are often strangulated, which creates a danger to the patient’s life.

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Danger and consequences of umbilical hernia

The patient's condition usually worsens as the size of the hernia increases:

1. The protrusion becomes dense, and when touching it the person experiences pain.
2. The organs located in the hernia can no longer be put back into place.
3. Inflammation of an organ located in the hernial sac. This is accompanied by swelling, pain, and redness in the navel area.
4. The temperature rises and the general condition of the patient worsens. All these dangerous symptoms characterize the strangulated state of the umbilical hernia, the most severe form of the disease.
5. Severe pain, vomiting, nausea and constipation occur.
6. Blood stops flowing to the pinched, compressed organ, which leads to its death. This condition is life-threatening.

Without medical intervention, peritonitis may develop. Severe inflammation of the abdominal cavity can result in death. A complication with similar symptoms is intestinal obstruction. The part of the intestine caught in the hernia becomes clogged with feces.

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Without treatment, the prognosis is unfavorable; this complication can also significantly shorten human life. Any suspicious lump or protrusion in the navel area should be alarming.

Sometimes these signs characterize the presence of gastric cancer metastases. This is a rare occurrence, but for the sake of maintaining health and life, it is better to exclude any risk factors.

Umbilical hernia during pregnancy

If a woman did not have an umbilical hernia before pregnancy, then preventing its occurrence during pregnancy is not so difficult. For this purpose, special compression garments are used, which protect the abdominal cavity from excessive stress. In cases where the pathology has already formed, a special female bandage for umbilical hernia is prescribed , which will slow down the process of its growth. After childbirth, the attending physician will decide on the treatment of the hernia.

Why does strangulated hernia happen?

According to the mechanism of occurrence, such complications are divided into 2 types: fecal and elastic. Elasticity is facilitated by the release of a large volume of organs with a sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure. The released organs do not return to the abdominal cavity. In compressed organs, blood circulation is impaired, which causes sharp pain. The resulting muscle spasm aggravates the severity of the disease. If left untreated, elastic pinching leads to rapid death of the contents of the hernial sac.

Fecal strangulation occurs when the intestinal area located near the hernial orifice is overfilled. The loop extending into the hernial sac is compressed along with the adjacent mesentery. Characteristic signs of strangulation appear. Necrosis of intestinal tissue with fecal strangulation develops over a longer period of time than with elastic strangulation. The first type of strangulation occurs when there is a narrow hernial opening, while fecal strangulation can develop under any conditions.

If elastic pinching of the umbilical hernia in adults occurs during high physical exertion, then the appearance of feces is facilitated by impaired intestinal motility. This complication is often diagnosed in older people. The twisting of intestinal loops and their fusion with the hernial sac plays a role in strangulation. It often becomes the most dangerous complication of long-existing protrusions. Any organ located outside the abdominal cavity can be subjected to compression - the small or large intestine, the omentum. The most dangerous is considered to be pinched intestinal loops: the resulting tissue necrosis and acute intestinal obstruction cause severe poisoning of the body.

In newborns

Umbilical hernia in newborns is quite common.

Reasons that may contribute to the disease:

• intrauterine defect of the umbilical opening - the organs of the peritoneum begin to protrude through this defect;
• improperly tied umbilical cord;
• accumulation of gases in large quantities, which led to bloating;
• hereditary factor;
• premature birth;
• rickets.

Important! We treat a hernia of the cervical spine at home.

Excess weight can weaken the umbilical ring. And frequent crying, severe coughing and constipation lead to increased pressure in the peritoneal cavity. All this can lead to the appearance of a hernia.

The main manifestation of the disease is swelling around the umbilical ring. During screaming, the protrusion may intensify. But the child does not experience any pain.

Hernia in newborns is treated using traditional methods. Massage and special exercises that strengthen the abdominal muscles will help you quickly get rid of the disease.

Important! Symptoms and treatment of intervertebral hernia of the lumbosacral spine can be found here.

Massage can be started from the first days of life.

1. Place your palms in the navel area. With light movements, move towards the ribs along the oblique abdominal muscles. Repeat the movement 15 times.
2. Oncoming traffic. At the same time, the palms move towards each other. One is on top of the belly, the other is on the bottom. The movements are carried out with the back of the hand 15 times.
3. Stroke your baby's belly clockwise at least 10 times.
4. Apply a few light pinches around the navel. And then quickly and lightly press the umbilical ring 5 times.

Any exercise should begin and end with light stroking. During the session, the protrusion can be held. Gymnastics begins 3-4 weeks after birth. You can put it on your stomach from the first days of life. Reflexively, the baby will begin to raise his head and tense all his muscles.

Important! Read a lot of useful information about the symptoms and treatment of spinal hernia here.

The load must be constantly increased as the baby grows older. Otherwise, the exercises will not be effective.

1. Hold the child alternately on each side for a count of 8. This exercise is aimed at developing balance and strengthening the abdominal muscles.
2. Turns from back to stomach and back. In this case, it is necessary to hold the baby by the legs and shoulder. To begin with, 3 turns will be enough. Every few days their number must be increased.
3. Take both hands of the baby in your hand, hold the head with the other (it should not fall back). Smoothly and carefully lift the baby to a semi-sitting position.
4. Place the baby on his back. Raise it slightly in a horizontal position. Your arms and head should hang freely. The baby's head needs to be held slightly. The exercise is done in 3 counts.
5. Take the child under the armpits and lift him up. The legs should be straight.
6. It is good to do gymnastics in a playful way, supplementing the exercises with various sounds.

Massage and exercises should be carried out half an hour before meals.

Important! If a child's navel is bulging, it should be shown to a surgeon. There is a physiological feature (skin navel) that is very similar in appearance to a hernia. But it does not require any medical intervention.

Treatment with folk remedies

Alternative medicine methods help the navel take its natural position without surgical correction. These products are good for people of any age.

Compresses

It is better to use bandages to secure medications.

Oat

An oatmeal compress is considered the most effective remedy for a hernia. To do this, you need to cook thick oatmeal in milk. Place the porridge in cheesecloth and press lightly. The compress is applied at night for 14 days. Procedures cannot be skipped.

Herbal

1. Grind fresh or dried nettle leaves.
2. Mix with heavy sour cream.
3. Apply to the problem area.
4. Cover with a burdock leaf.

The course of treatment is from 60 to 90 days.

Camphor

To make this compress, you need to melt 30 g of pine resin in a water bath. After cooling, form it into a flat cake. Apply to the bulge, having previously lubricated it with camphor oil.

Shilajit and honey

You will need:

• honey – 90 g;
• fir oil – 7 ml;
• mumiyo – 1 g.

Mix mumiyo with honey and a little water. Rub the affected area thoroughly with oil. Apply a compress on top. Put a warming belt on top. You can remove the product after a day by removing the residue with a damp cloth.

Clay

Clay saturates tissues with all necessary microelements. For the compress you need red (red, yellow) clay. For one cake you will need 30 g of clay and 25 ml of water. Wrap the resulting product in gauze and heat to 38 degrees. Apply to the problem area. The procedure must be done 20 times.

Oak

1. Brew 20 g of oak bark in a glass of boiling water.
2. Cook over low heat for 5 minutes.
3. Infuse the decoction for at least 4 hours.
4. Moisten a small piece of natural fabric in the resulting potion.

Remove the compress after 2 hours. The course consists of 30 daily procedures.

Important! Folk remedies that involve heating should be used carefully. A preliminary consultation with a physician is required. Because when internal organs are pinched, high temperatures can cause peritonitis.

Ointment

Mix 90 g of melted homemade butter and 12 ml of propolis tincture. Stir and let it harden a little. At night, lubricate the sore spot with a medicinal product and apply compression paper on top. After waking up, rinse off any remaining product and apply an iodine net.

Herbs

Infusions of various plants are proven methods for treating many diseases. What herbs are effective for treating hernia?

Merlin grass (weeping grass)

To prepare the infusion, 15 g of herb should be poured into 220 ml of boiled water. Wrap the container with the drug and let it cool completely.

After infusion, strain the product. Take 50 ml before each meal. Continue treatment until the natural anatomical position of the navel is completely restored.

Important! Folk remedies for treating intervertebral hernia at home can be found here.

Bloodroot

Mix 25 g of cinquefoil seeds and 230 ml of milk. Boil for about 10 minutes. After which the mixture should infuse for 4 hours. Drink 70 ml three times a day. You can improve the taste with a little honey.

Spiraea

A decoction of this herb helps relieve pain.

Place the herb (25 g) in a thermos with a glass of boiling water. After 2 hours, the drug can be filtered and divided into 4 equal parts. Consume 35 minutes before meals.

Cornflower twisted

A decoction of the flowers of this plant relieves tension in the abdominal muscles.

Add 14 g of herb to 450 ml of boiling water. Cover the container with a lid and a towel. In an hour the medicine will be ready. It should be strained. Drink 90 ml three times a day.

Important! Read about the treatment of spinal hernia without surgery in our article.

Sabelnik tincture

1. Mix 120 g of herbal raw materials and 950 ml of alcohol.
2. The healing potion must be infused for at least 21 days.
3. Shake once every 3 days.

The medicine is taken three times a day in diluted form - mix 15 ml of the product with an equal amount of water.

Umbilical hernia is easily preventable. To do this, you need to do exercises to strengthen your abdominal muscles in the morning. Eat a balanced diet and watch your weight. Treat all diseases of the stomach and intestines in a timely manner. Even simple prevention is better than the most modern treatment.

Symptoms and clinical picture

Identifying the disease is not difficult even for a non-specialist in this field. Most often, an umbilical strangulated hernia manifests itself in the form of a tumor-like formation in the area of ​​the umbilical ring, which either appeared suddenly due to force, or appeared from time to time, but after assuming a horizontal position, it disappeared on its own, and at one point it simply became strangulated and stopped being reduced.

Identification of a strangulated hernia is an absolute indication for hospitalization in the surgical department and immediate surgical intervention. The fact is that due to the fact that the strangulation may involve both the omentum, which does not suffer during strangulation, and the intestinal loop.

In the case of ischemia of a section of the small intestine, in addition to pain, general intoxication syndrome and signs of acute intestinal obstruction will be observed. Symptoms of this condition include vomiting of intestinal contents, cessation of the passage of gas and stool.

If there is a block at the level of the large intestine, the phenomena of acute colonic obstruction will be observed. This will also lead to the development of vomiting of intestinal contents, an increase in temperature, and the development of local or diffuse peritonitis. On radiography, signs called “Kloiber cups” will be observed. This indicates colonic obstruction.

Video

A specialist doctor with many years of experience explains the nature of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Who can have a strangulated umbilical hernia?

What can be dangerous about an umbilical hernia is strangulation. Infringement can occur both in childhood and in adulthood. Therefore, you need to constantly monitor the fallout and record minimal changes in behavior.

A strangulated umbilical hernia is a serious problem that can threaten a person’s life. Elements of the omentum and part of the intestine can get into the hernia. When pinched, parts of the body that are trapped in the hernial canal and sac are poorly supplied with blood. The result is the death of organs or the process of putrefaction begins. This process poisons the human body with toxic substances.

A pinched hernia occurs especially often in older people, but no one is immune from it - neither men nor women, regardless of age. Since pregnant women and children are also susceptible to protrusion of the ovary, they are also at risk.

The longer a person has had this disease, the more the risk of pinching increases. On average, statistics state that 10% of hernias in general, not just umbilical hernias, go into the strangulation stage.

Anatomical component

The cause of the development of a strangulated umbilical hernia is a defect in the anatomical structure of the umbilical ring. Most often, this term refers to the insufficient thickness of the tissues that form it. This is associated with intrauterine developmental stigmas, scleroderma and old age. Also, often the cause is an increase in pressure inside the abdominal cavity, which leads to divergence of the abdominal muscles and their stretching.

Surgeons distinguish between direct and oblique umbilical hernias. A straight line occurs when there is thinning of the transverse fascial plate in the navel area. In this situation, the internal organs protrude under the skin in the projection of the umbilical ring and penetrate into the subcutaneous tissue space in the shortest way.

An oblique umbilical hernia is formed as a result of thickening of the transverse fascia in the area of ​​the umbilical ring. Because of this, when intra-abdominal pressure increases, the internal organs push through the area slightly above or below the ring itself, and as a result, the hernial contents come out in the space between the linea alba and the transverse plate. Thus, an oblique umbilical canal appears.

The structure of a hernia includes the following elements:

• Hernial opening (gate).
• Hernial sac.
• Entrance to the hernial sac.
• Neck of the bag.
• Bag body.
• Bottom of the hernial sac.
• Reasons for development

The development of this disease can be observed in both children and adults. Sometimes a congenital umbilical hernia occurs, which is associated with a violation of the structure of the umbilical ring. In children, umbilical hernias develop when they cry for a long time; this leads to an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity, which causes the tissues forming the ring to stretch and the internal organs to protrude, followed by their pinching.

In the adult population, this pathology is most often diagnosed in women after childbirth; this is due to the divergence of the abdominal muscles due to stretching of the uterus enlarged by the fetus. As a result, the umbilical ring also stretches, which predisposes to the occurrence of a hernia.

Traditional medicine recipes

On the Internet you can find many recipes that guarantee a complete cure for umbilical hernia in women without surgery. Think twice before using them. After all, this disease is very dangerous, especially for the female body. An umbilical hernia can cause not only problems with the gastrointestinal tract, but also provoke pathological processes in the pelvic organs.

There are several traditional medicine recipes, but before using them, be sure to consult your doctor.

1. At night, just before bed, place a tablespoon of any natural honey on the area of ​​the umbilical hernia, where the protrusion itself is, then cover with a clean napkin, then secure with a bandage. In the morning, the honey is thoroughly washed off with warm water and iodine is applied around the hernia (in the form of a circle 5-10 mm wide). On the same day, at night, add honey again and repeat the whole procedure again. The course of such manipulations is strictly individual; they must be carried out until the hernia disappears.
2. The second method of traditional treatment involves the use of propolis and butter (preferably homemade). One tablespoon of propolis is thoroughly crushed, placed in a 0.5 liter glass jar and filled with vodka. Place in a dark place for 10-12 days. The contents must be shaken well once a day. Treatment using this recipe is as follows: heat 200-250 g of butter in a water bath, add 2 tbsp. l. propolis in alcohol/vodka. The mixture must be mixed well and allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting mixture is applied around the hernia. Make sure that the mixture does not get into the navel itself, after which a cloth and a tight bandage, or a woolen scarf, are placed on top. It is recommended to do it at night. The approximate course of treatment is 1-2 months.

It should be remembered that self-treatment of an inguinal hernia can result in serious complications, including death. All information is for informational purposes only. Treatment of umbilical hernia in women, both surgically and without surgery, should be carried out exclusively by a doctor.

Why does a hernia form?

The umbilical ring is located on the tendon that forms the linea alba. The navel has no fatty tissue, and its skin is tightly fused to the ring. This area is characterized by minimal elasticity and resistance to stress. At the same time, when a load occurs, these tissues simply diverge, forming a defect that, even after removing this very load, does not correct itself. The problem is also that there are no dense tissues in this area. That is why a hernia especially often forms in the navel area.

The organs press on the inner wall of the peritoneum. If the pressure in the cavity increases, the organs begin to shift and penetrate the umbilical ring. It is this protrusion that doctors call a hernial sac. The ring in this case is the gate. With a long course of pathology, adhesions form in the hilum area. Due to this, the organs can no longer return to their position. In other words, the hernia becomes irreducible. The more pronounced the adhesive process, the higher the likelihood of complications developing during the operation.

The appearance of an umbilical hernia is due to the structure of the tissues in this area

If the hernia, that is, the tissue of the sac, is not pinched, there is no threat to the patient. In this case, the pathology does not manifest itself in any way and only extremely rarely can pain occur under increased loads. The situation looks completely different when a hernia is strangulated. In this case, severe pain occurs and the risk of complications increases with each passing hour. This condition requires emergency surgery. If this is not done, death is possible.

Hernia surgery is not difficult. After it, patients recover quickly without any negative consequences.

Pathogenesis of the disease

Any organ of the abdominal cavity can be pinched: intestines, kidneys, bladder, greater or lesser omentum.

A hernia as such consists of three elements:

1. A hilum
   is a defect in the soft tissues that can be compared to a small hole through which organs fall out. Its sizes vary from a few to 20-25 centimeters. Most often, gates are formed due to discrepancies in muscles, fascia or ligaments.
2. The sac
   is, in fact, the hernia itself. A sac means a certain part of the abdominal cavity, which, under the influence of a number of factors, has stretched and exited through the hernial orifice. The bag itself has the following elements: the neck (distant section), the body - the widest and most voluminous part, and the apex. Most often the bag is pear-shaped. The size of the sac in the initial stages of herniation can be compared to the size of a plum, in the last stages - with several soccer balls.
3. The contents of a hernia
   are parts of organs that have come out of the abdominal cavity.

The main provoking factor for pinching is a sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure.

Often people who do not know about the presence of a hernia engage in physical exercises and strength training. At this moment, due to the strong contraction of the abdominal muscles, the pressure in the peritoneum instantly increases. Organs are pushed into the hernial sac even more forcefully. When the load on the muscles has disappeared, the pressure is normalized, but the organs are not reduced: the hernial orifice can no longer pass through the huge volume of organs. By this mechanism, a pinched umbilical hernia is formed.

In medicine, there are three clinical stages of pinching:

1. Period one
   : shock and severe pain.
2. A period of imaginary prosperity.
3. Generalized peritonitis
   is inflammation of the abdominal tissue.

The following indicators are clinically recorded:

• weakening of the pulse, heart rate increases;
• lowering blood pressure;
• frequent, irregular and shallow breathing.

In the second period, a number of symptoms partially disappear, pain disappears, but this is not an indicator of the patient’s well-being.

After childbirth

If the stomach was very large and the muscles were too weak, the hernia does not resolve after childbirth.

Sometimes the appearance of a postpartum hernia is associated with some congenital anatomical features of the anterior abdominal wall. In this case, the hernia appears during pregnancy and does not disappear during childbirth.

1. The tumor may appear as a result of frequent constipation that occurred during pregnancy.
2. If the hernia is a consequence of a cesarean section, then conservative methods will not help. Only surgery will be required.

Important! Don't be afraid of surgery. The operation is simple, the recovery period is short.

To avoid a hernia after delivery:

• all physical activity must be carried out only in a postpartum bandage;
• breastfeeding will help muscle tissue recover faster;
• Every day, devote at least 10 minutes to physical exercises that strengthen the abdominal muscles;
• control weight fluctuations.

Important! Find out how to treat a lumbar disc herniation.

Treatment of the disease without surgery

For many people, surgery is contraindicated. In this case, doctors recommend wearing a special bandage. This will help fix the abdominal tissue and the growth will stop growing.

Massage

An effective method is massage.

Important! Treatment of lumbosacral disc herniation at home is described in detail here.

Massage movements:

• stroke the painful area in a circular motion from left to right;
• pinch the area around the navel until the skin becomes slightly red;
• rub the abdominal muscles towards the ribs.

You can do vacuum massage using special jars. Ordinary Soviet medical devices will also work.

Massage or olive oil should be applied to the skin. The jar is heated with a burning torch and immediately applied to the umbilical area. Then move smoothly in a circular motion clockwise.

Important! This massage has a stimulating effect on the muscles and affects the deep layers of the peritoneum.

Exercises

You need to do physical exercise on your own. This not only strengthens the abdominal muscles, but will also serve as a good preventative measure for many diseases.

1. Lie on your back. Arch your chest, lower back and shoulders should be pressed to the floor. At the top point, linger for 3 counts. Do the exercise for 10 minutes.
2. Lie on your back with your feet on the floor. Lift your pelvis and lower back off the floor as high as possible. Do 10 rhythmic exercises. Then hold at the top point for a count of 10. Do 3 approaches.
3. From a lying position, perform gradual twists with rotation in different directions. The duration of the exercise is 7 minutes.

Important! Physical therapy can be done only for hernia at the initial stage. While charging, the bulge should be secured with a bandage.

Plasters

It is one of the non-surgical methods for treating hernia. The special patch is harmless and can be used for pregnant women and newborns. The patch itself is ineffective. An integrated approach is required, including massage, physical therapy and hardening.

The patch must be applied by a specialist for the first time. He will tell you about all the intricacies of the manipulation, which will allow you to do the procedure yourself in the future.

There are several types of patches:

• porofix – does not cause discomfort when moving, does not cause allergic reactions, contains only safe materials;
• Chicco, Hartmann - intended for the treatment of hernias in infants.

In advanced forms of the disease, the use of a patch is not advisable.

Important! Diseases should be treated by a specialist. Find out which doctor treats hernia in our article.

Treatment with copper

A copper coin quickly and effectively eliminates hernia in children. But only old-style nickels are suitable for a tightening bandage.

The coin must be placed in a bag made of soft, natural fabric. Secure it to the hernia with an adhesive plaster or elastic bandage. The bandage should not prevent the child from breathing and moving freely. After 3 days, not a trace remains of the disease.

General information and definition of female umbilical hernia

What is an umbilical hernia in women? By female umbilical hernia, doctors mean squeezing out a loop of intestine into the subcutaneous tissue. The protrusion occurs through the abdominal muscles in the area of ​​the umbilical process. Experts have proven that females are more susceptible to umbilical hernia than males. In addition, diagnosing the disease can be difficult without special examination.

Look at the photos to see what kind of protrusions are found in women.

Female umbilical hernia at the initial stage

If an injury is detected, the patient undergoes urgent surgical treatment; otherwise, there is no threat to the woman’s health.

Attention! A strangulated umbilical hernia in women without surgical intervention can cause death. Since in the process of squeezing the intestines between the muscle tissues, blood circulation stops and they die.

Symptoms of a complicated disease include pain, nausea, and bruising.

Current science makes it possible to treat hernias in a safe way and guarantee a successful result.

Traditional methods in the fight against hernia

You need to mix a glass of boiled warm water with a spoonful of 6% vinegar. You should soak a piece of cloth in the solution and apply it to the sore spot. Afterwards you need to carry out another procedure with an infusion of oak bark. The raw materials are brewed in boiling water and allowed to brew for a couple of hours. You can prepare a more complex composition: acorns, leaves, oak bark are crushed and mixed with tart wine. The composition is poured into a dark glass container and kept in a cool place for a month. Lotions are made from this drug every day after being treated with a vinegar solution.

First aid

If there is a confirmed strangulated hernia, surgery is the only option. After a complete examination, the patient is hospitalized. It is especially advantageous to use the laparoscopic method, which is characterized by minimal trauma. Urgent care helps to exclude tissue necrosis, since surgical intervention at a later stage increases the risk that tissues, which at first glance are not changed, subsequently undergo necrosis.

The purpose of the operation is to cut the ring that compresses the organs. Using a certain technique, tissue is dissected, which allows the intestinal loops to be freed.

Self-medication is fraught with various complications

Any delay in performing the operation increases the risks of necrosis and complications, including peritonitis, which is life-threatening for the patient.

It is important to emphasize that there can be no talk of any self-medication. You should not take painkillers before visiting a doctor, and even more so, you should not adjust organs with your hands. If characteristic symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance and stay in bed.

Mechanism of hernia strangulation

When organs are compressed, blood circulation is disrupted, venous blood stagnates, which leads to tissue swelling. Blood cells and plasma penetrate the hernial sac and the intestinal lumen. In the lumen of the compressed area of ​​the intestine, the contents disintegrate, releasing a large amount of toxins. In the compressed intestinal loop, tissue death begins, which first affects the mucous, and then the submucosal and muscle layers. The serous membrane is the last to be involved in this process.

Necrotic intestinal walls cannot prevent the contents from escaping, so bacteria penetrate into the hernial fluid. If the exudate is not treated in a timely manner, it becomes purulent. This inflammatory process is called “phlegmon of the hernial sac.” The pathological process affects not only the organs located in the hernial sac, but also parts of the intestine remaining in the abdominal cavity. The accumulation of contents causes stretching of the intestinal walls. Strangulation obstruction is considered the most severe. Frequently repeated bouts of vomiting lead to rapid fluid loss. Compression of the nerve endings of the mesentery causes severe pain. A large number of deaths from pinched umbilical hernia are associated precisely with these factors.

Definition

An umbilical hernia is a protrusion of internal organs through the umbilical ring under the skin, due to the influence of various factors, such as a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure or separation of the rectus abdominis muscles.

A strangulated hernia is compression of organs located in the hernial sac. In this regard, ischemia of their tissues develops (hypoxia associated with squeezing of blood vessels), which leads to necrotization of organs and the development of local and, over time, diffuse peritonitis. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate surgical intervention.

The hernial sac can contain a fairly large number of different abdominal organs. From the omentum, intestines, to the mesentery of the small intestine or the wall of the bladder. According to statistics, this pathology accounts for three to five percent of all cases of hernial protrusions on the anterior abdominal wall.

Also, a strangulated umbilical hernia ranks third among all treated external hernial protrusions that occur in postoperative patients. Most often they occur in women over the age of thirty. This is due to the characteristics of the postpartum period.

There are different types of strangulated hernias:

• A primary strangulated hernia, it develops as a result of severe physical stress, for which the umbilical ring is not ready.
• Secondary – strangulation of an existing hernia occurs, which previously was independently reduced into the abdominal cavity.
• Elastic strangulation, when the intestinal wall is caught in the hernial orifice.
• Fecal strangulation – strangulation occurs as a result of the accumulation of fecal matter.

During pregnancy

During pregnancy, the uterus increases in size and stretches the muscles of the anterior wall of the peritoneum and the umbilical ring. Most often, this pathology accompanies a repeat or multiple pregnancy.

A hernia in pregnant women is accompanied by standard symptoms - round or oval protrusion, nausea, constipation. In the second half of pregnancy, some displacement of the peritoneal organs occurs. And the hernial sac becomes empty. Therefore, during childbirth the hernia is not strangulated. And it can resolve on its own during the birth process.

Important! This neoplasm is not a contraindication for cesarean section.

During pregnancy, a hernia cannot be treated surgically. Since anesthesia and many other drugs negatively affect the development of the fetus. The exception is a strangulated hernia - in this case, the operation is performed to save the woman’s life.

Therefore, pregnant women should consult a doctor even at the slightest changes in the umbilical area.

1. The best solution for expectant mothers is special underwear and bandages. This helps reduce stress on the muscles. The bandage is selected by a specialist, since instructions on its use are required.
2. Don't forget about massage and moderate physical activity.
3. Including more high-fiber foods in your diet will help your bowels move regularly.

Important! Wearing the band incorrectly can lead to improper placement of the fetus in the uterine cavity.

Classification of strangulated hernias

Photo: Littre's hernia

In medicine, the following types of strangulated hernias are distinguished:

• Primary infringements. This category is quite rare and can only arise after a one-time effort made by a person. An important condition in this case is the presence of a predisposition to the appearance of protrusion. During this short but significant load, a hernia instantly forms, which at this moment becomes pinched in the hernial orifice. Diagnosis of such a disease is difficult;
• Secondary strangulated hernias. All other protrusions fall into this category. As a rule, it occurs against the background of an existing hernia.

In addition, there are two forms of strangulated hernias:

• Elastic variety. It is observed at a young age and is caused by grueling physical activity. Symptoms include sudden attacks of pain and tension in the hernial sac. The hernia itself cannot be reduced, nausea appears, accompanied by vomiting;
• Fecal strangulation of an abdominal hernia. It can be found in elderly people and old people who have been carriers of hernias for a long time. They gradually increase in size and become irreducible.

Special types of infringement:

• Retrograde infringement. Its peculiarity is the presence of two intestinal loops that do not enter the hernial sac. It contains a bend in the third loop, to which, as a result, the blood supply is disrupted. This type of infringement is rare, but it is difficult;
• Parietal infringement. In this case, the intestine, located in the hernial sac, is compressed only in a few places. This eliminates the development of complications such as intestinal obstruction, but necrosis of the intestinal wall may occur. This type of strangulation never occurs in giant hernias;
• Littre's hernia. A similar infringement occurs in the groin area. This pathology is in many ways similar to the previous type, the only difference is that necrosis develops several times faster.

Photo: fecal strangulation of abdominal hernia

Treatment options

It should be noted right away that no bandages will help with an umbilical hernia. Only surgery can eliminate the defect and eliminate complications. Of course, it may also turn out that the operation is contraindicated. In such a situation, you have to use a bandage that will stop the growth of the formation and prevent pinching from occurring.

Umbilical hernia is treated through surgery

The operation to remove a hernia is quite simple. It does not pose any danger to a woman’s health and patients recover very quickly after it. The duration of the intervention is no more than thirty minutes, and it is performed under local anesthesia. During the operation, the area of ​​the organ located in the sac is carefully examined. Provided that there is no damage or necrosis, it is returned to its place, after which the defect is sutured. If the walls of the organ are damaged, then this area is removed and the walls are stitched together. Only after this the hernial ring is sutured.

It may also turn out that a woman’s hernia is large. In this case, in order to minimize tissue trauma, it is recommended to use special meshes. They are selected individually depending on the severity of the condition and the size of the defect. With its help, the hole is closed.

The operation is simple and the patient can be sent home on the second day, but the rehabilitation period continues for a long time. Unpleasant sensations and possibly pain in the area of ​​intervention persist for some time.

The operation may require special implants.

For a faster recovery, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules after surgery:

• the woman must remain on sick leave for two weeks;
• During the month you should reduce physical activity;
• You may need to wear a brace during this period.

The operation rarely causes any consequences. More often it passes without complications. At the same time, it is important to know why an umbilical hernia is dangerous. It is extremely rare for a wound to become infected. If the technique is violated and the doctor’s recommendations are not followed, a relapse is possible. As for external changes, the scar after surgical treatment is practically invisible, the navel also remains unchanged.

To avoid possible complications, it is necessary to use a bandage after surgery.

Treatment of a strangulated umbilical hernia

Modern surgery of hernial protrusions of the anterior abdominal wall distinguishes between open and endoscopic interventions using laparoscopic techniques. The choice of method depends on the size of the formation, associated complications, the general condition of the patient, available medical equipment and the qualifications of the surgeon.

Surgery for a strangulated umbilical hernia

The existing methods listed above have been developed for decades and the risk of complications, if performed correctly, is reduced to almost zero. As for open intervention, there are two types of operations - Mayo and Sapezhko. They are used for hernias of different sizes, and the difference lies in whether the dissection of the aponeurosis of the abdominal wall will be transverse or longitudinal.

Carrying out surgery, however, is associated with a lot of problems. For example, during dissection of the superficial skin, spontaneous reduction of the hernia into the abdominal cavity is possible, which, in the presence of necrosis of the intestinal loop, will lead to the development of diffuse peritonitis. There is also a possibility of dissection of organs located in the hernial sac.

Isolation of the hernial sac with a strangulated umbilical hernia

Most surgeons prefer initially, after dissecting the superficial tissues, to isolate the hernial sac in order to prevent the development of the above complications. Primary isolation of the hernial orifice reduces the risk of spontaneous reduction of organs and the development of peritonitis.

This is followed by incision of the sac with tweezers and aspiration of the secreted effusion, which may become infected. This is followed by determining which organ was infringed and determining further tactics for the operation. If there is an omentum, it is reduced into the abdominal cavity with further plastic closure of the hernial orifice.

If intestinal loops are detected, their viability must be determined. If they are pink and normal peristalsis is detected, then they are reduced and the hernial orifice is closed. If the presence of areas of necrosis, fibrin plaque and eroded areas on the serous membrane is determined, it is necessary to perform a resection of the affected intestine, followed by an end-to-end or side-to-side interintestinal anastomosis.