Tetracycline: instructions for use of tablets, dosage and analogues

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Tetracycline tablets are broad-spectrum antibiotics. Due to its ability to destroy a large number of bacteria of various types, tetracycline is actively used for purulent and inflammatory diseases of the skin, as well as the respiratory and genitourinary systems. Due to its low cost, availability and variety of release forms, the drug is in great demand in the pharmaceutical market.

Compatibility of Tetracycline with alcohol

It is prohibited to combine the drug Tetracycline, like any other antibiotic, with alcoholic beverages, because such a combination carries a health hazard:

• An antibiotic in combination with alcohol puts a lot of stress on the liver, damaging its cells. As a result, serious liver diseases may occur;
• The combination of an antibiotic and alcoholic beverages can cause severe poisoning of the body;
• Shortness of breath, headache, tinnitus appear, and alcohol also provokes side effects from the drug.

And this is not the entire list of what a combination such as Tetracycline and alcohol can lead to. It is unknown how the body will react to such a combination in a particular case. Therefore, you should abstain from alcohol for the entire period of treatment.

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Dosage

Tetracycline should be taken between meals: this reduces absorption. In this case, at least 60 minutes should pass before eating, and at least two hours after. The medicine is taken while standing, washed down with plenty of water. This is done to avoid damaging the esophagus, as well as to prevent the development of irritation of the gastric mucosa.

If for some reason the medicine could not be taken on time, the tablets are taken as quickly as possible, but not before immediately taking the next dose.

The dosage is set by the doctor, who, when drawing up a course, takes into account the particular course of the disease and its nature. Typically, the duration of therapy is set taking into account the need to take pills for another three days after the symptoms of the disease have resolved.

Infections caused by β-hemolytic streptococcus should be accompanied by antibiotic treatment for at least ten days.

For children over twelve years of age and adults, a single dose is 200 mg. The frequency of administration is every 6 hours. Severe infectious lesions require an increase in the volume of medication consumed at a time to 500 mg (5 tablets). You can drink no more than 2 g of the substance per day.

Elderly patients are recommended to take the usual adult dose. But in the subclinical stage of renal failure, the prescription is done with caution, since due to this pathology the drug can accumulate in the body. At any other stages of the disease, taking Tetracycline is contraindicated, except in extreme cases, when the daily dose is reduced to the minimum acceptable values.

Pharmacology of the drug

The mechanism of action of such a drug as the antibiotic “Tetracycline” is based on inhibition of the protein production process. The latter is ensured by binding of the active component to the ZOB subunit of bacterial ribosomes and subsequent blocking of the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the so-called aminoacyl site of the mRNA-ribosome complex. Directly through the outer membrane of pathogenic microorganisms by simple diffusion, this drug penetrates through the pores formed by porin proteins, and with the help of a special active transport system - through the cytoplasmic membrane

At the same time, the manufacturer draws special attention to the fact that in high concentrations this antibiotic can disrupt the process of protein production in the cells of various mammals. However, due to less structural similarity and the absence of a special system of so-called active transport, which is found in pathogenic microorganisms, in therapeutic concentrations the drug acts exclusively on bacteria

tetracycline: ecotoxicity

Index		Meaning	Source / Qualitative indicators / Other information	Explanation
Bioconcentration factor	BCF:	—	—	—
	CT50 (days):	—		—
Bioaccumulation potential		—	Calculated	Short
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg/kg)		807	V3 Rat	Moderately
Mammals - Short-term food NOEL	(mg/kg):	—	—	—
	(ppm food):	—		—
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg/kg)		—	—	—
Birds - Acute toxicity (CK50 / LD50)		—	—	—
Fish – Acute 96 hour CK50 (mg/l)		—	—	—
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg/l)		—	—	—
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg/l)		29.4	F3 Daphnia magna (Daphnia major, Large water flea)	Moderately
Aquatic Invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg/L)		—	—	—
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour CK50 (mg/l)		—	—	—
Bottom microorganisms - Acute 96 hour CK50 (mg/l)		—	—	—
Bottom microorganisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, Water (mg/l)		—	—	—
Benthic microorganisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, Sediment (mg/kg)		—	—	—
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg/l)		1.0	F3 Duckweed	Moderately
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg/l)		2.2	R3 Green seaweed	Moderately
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg/l)		—	—	—
Bees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (µg/individual)		—	—	—
Soil worms - Acute 14-day CK50 (mg/kg)		—	—	—
Soil Worms - Chronic 14-Day Maximum Non-Effective Concentration, Reproduction (mg/kg)		—	—	—
Other soil macroorganisms, such as springtails	LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / Action (%)	—	—	—
Other Arthropods (1)	LR50 (g/ha):	—	—	—
	Action (%):	—	—	—
Other Arthropods (2)	LR50 (g/ha):	—	—	—
	Action (%):	—	—	—
Soil microorganisms		—	—	—
Available data on the mesoworld (mesocosm)	NOEAEC mg/l:	—	—	—
	NOEAEC mg/l:	—	—	—

Indications for use

The instructions for Tetracycline tablets indicate a number of pathological conditions when the drug is recommended:

1. The instructions for Tetracycline note that the medicine has a pronounced effect in infectious processes affecting the respiratory tract. The drug will be most effective if the disease was caused by pathogenic microorganisms sensitive to the antibiotic.
2. Antibiotics from the tetracycline group do an excellent job against bacterial agents that affect the urinary system.
3. Tetracycline-AKOS is recommended for specific pathologies of the genital organs - syphilis and gonorrhea.
4. Indications for the use of Tetracycline can be severe infections - it is prescribed orally for ulcerative-necrotic lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.
5. As evidenced by reviews, Tetracycline is excellent for acne and acne.
6. Tetracycline tablets are prescribed for diarrhea caused by an intestinal infection:

• amoebiasis,
• brucellosis,
• salmonellosis,
• cholera.

1. The drug is often used for particularly dangerous and severe infections:

• anthrax,
• plague
• actinomycosis,
• rickettsiosis,
• psittacose,
• typhus,
• tularemia,
• relapsing fever, etc.

Eye ointment with Tetracycline is used for the following diseases of the organs of vision:

1. The instructions for the ointment with Tetracycline indicate that the drug is effective in treating bacterial eye infections:

• Ocular conjunctivitis,
• Blepharitis,
• Corneal diseases,
• Dacryocystitis,
• trachoma.

1. Tetracycline eye ointment is used as a prophylactic agent to prevent bacterial complications of the organs of vision after surgical interventions or injuries.
2. In pediatrics, tetracycline ointment is used to treat the eyes of newborns immediately after delivery to prevent the introduction of bacterial infection from the mother's genital tract.

Tetracycline ointment is used externally for bacterial skin infections:

• Boils,
• Streptoderma,
• Sikose,
• Folliculitis,
• Trophic ulcers,
• Eczema complicated by a suppurative process.

Analogs of Tetracycline tablets

We found out what Tetracycline is for. But tablets are not always suitable for the patient due to a history of certain diseases. In this case, an analogue is selected for treatment, which contains the same active substance or other components, but gives a similar therapeutic result.

More details about analogues:

1. Levomycytin. Tablets are prescribed for infectious diseases, including those of the skin, that are caused by antibiotic-sensitive pathogenic microorganisms. Also used for boils, bedsores, trophic ulcers, infected burns. Contraindications: intolerance, kidney and liver dysfunction, acute form of intermittent porphyria.
2. Zoflox tablets are recommended for various infections of the skin and soft tissues. Contraindications: epilepsy, uncompensated hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity, simultaneous use with other antibiotics, inflammatory diseases of the brain. The product has many side effects, so it is not recommended to self-medicate.
3. Olethetrin is a combined antibacterial drug. It contains two active components - tetracycline hydrochloride and oleandomycin. Take the tablets for purulent and infectious lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and soft tissues. You should not take tablets during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or if you have kidney or liver problems. Not given to children under 8 years of age.

Important: only a doctor selects a Tetracycline substitute. Analogs have many side effects. The most common negative phenomena include pain in the epigastric region, digestive disorders (nausea, loose stools, vomiting), candidiasis of the mucous membranes.

Tetracycline is an effective and inexpensive medicine prescribed for the treatment of acne, acne, furunculosis, eczema and other skin diseases. You can buy tablets at a pharmacy, the price is $1.3.

Tetracycline ointment

The drug has become one of the most common remedies due to its wide range of external uses. Even with the emergence of new analogues, it continues to be used because of its proven effectiveness. The ointment is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic of the tetracycline group. The drug successfully fights inflammatory conditions on the skin, burns, microbes and bacterial infections that have not developed stable resistance to antibiotics, gram-positive microorganisms that produce penicillinase.

In mass sale, Tetracycline ointment is presented in two form factors - 1 and 3% concentration. In addition to the active substance, the composition includes hypoallergenic petroleum jelly and sometimes lanolin. The drug is available in opaque tubes of 3, 7 and 10 grams. You can also find tetracycline in tablet form. Only the doctor decides which specific form of the drug to use. Self-medication, even with proven means, can give unexpected negative results.

For eyes

The use of this ointment for eye infections is prescribed by an ophthalmologist after laboratory tests aimed at identifying a specific pathogen.

It is important to remember that not all pathogens are susceptible to the effects of this drug. The use of tetracycline for the eyes is prescribed for the following diseases and infections:

• blepharitis;
• trachoma;
• lesions of the eyeball due to rosacea;
• unspecified keratitis;
• unspecified conjunctivitis;
• chlamydial eye infections.

Be sure to check the concentration of the drug when applying the ointment directly to the eye. The 3% product is absolutely not suitable for therapy because it contains additional substances that can cause an allergic reaction and additional tissue damage. Only 1% of the drug can be used for eye infections.

How to apply tetracycline ointment to the eyes? In most cases, the tube comes with a narrow spout, with the help of which the ointment is placed behind the lower eyelid. If this does not work, then you need to use a special sterile plastic spatula, which can be bought at a pharmacy. How to apply tetracycline ointment behind the eyelid? You should carefully pull it back so that the inner side opens and squeeze out the required amount of the drug, and then blink several times so that it is distributed over the surface of the eye.

For acne

The use of tetracycline ointment for acne is justified if the cause is an external factor: infection, an allergic reaction such as urticaria, bacteria, dysfunction of the sebaceous glands. In these cases, the drug should be applied to problem areas and wounds pointwise, without, for example, covering the entire surface of the face with a layer of ointment. The drug will not be effective. if the problem is based on:

• stress;
• hereditary factor;
• dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract or endocrine system;
• hormonal imbalance.

For herpes

According to medical statistics, up to 90% of the world's population are carriers of the herpes virus. However, it does not manifest itself in everyone; it all depends on the immune system of a particular person. Traditionally, manifestations of the virus appear on the lips after hypothermia or against the background of decreased immunity. Tetracycline ointment is used at the regressive stage, when the blisters become covered with a hard crust.

The drug itself or lotions based on it are applied to the damaged area in small quantities. Full recovery occurs in approximately 1-2 weeks, depending on the general condition of the patient

It is important to remember that treatment should be carried out comprehensively with several drugs, and not just tetracycline, and after consultation with a specialist

Ointments

Tetracycline-based ointments are intended for external use and for the treatment of eye infections. Not long ago, tetracycline ointment was in demand; it was prescribed even to children (from 8 years old). But time does not stand still, the pharmaceutical market is replenished with modern drugs that are replacing the medicines of the times of our mothers and grandmothers. What can replace this ointment? We named tetracycline analogues above. Among the drugs based on it, produced in this form, one can name “Colbitsion”, which, in addition to tetracycline, includes chloramphenicol and colistimethate. “Tobradex” has proven itself quite well, however, the active ingredient here is tobramycin, and it is not an analogue of tetracycline, although it has a similar effect.

Ointment for external use (tetracycline) can also be replaced with Tetracycline AKOS. In fact, there are many recommended substitutes, but their active ingredient does not belong to the group of drugs we are considering, they only have a similar effect.

For what pathologies is it prescribed?

Use of tetracycline

Name of pathology	Mechanism of action	Dosage
Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma, Haemophilus influenzae or Klebsiella
Pneumonia	Having penetrated the microorganism, it binds to ribosomes and disrupts the ability to produce protein molecules. In the absence of the necessary proteins that participate in various processes, the microorganism stops growing and multiplying and subsequently dies.	Take the tablets orally with a glass of water (200 milliliters) during or after meals. Adults are prescribed a one-time dose of 250–500 milligrams of tetracycline four times a day or 0.5–1.0 grams twice a day. The maximum you can take is up to 4 grams per day. For children over 8 years of age, the daily dosage is prescribed based on the child’s body weight - 20 - 25 milligrams per kilogram of weight (per day). The course of treatment depends on the severity of the disease.
Bronchitis
Laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx)
Mouth infections
Stomatitis	Same.	Is the same.
Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums)
Urogenital tract infections
Bartonellosis (tropical infection with the appearance of specific warts on the skin, which occurs in two phases)	Same.	Is the same.
Chancroid (a sexually transmitted disease that causes multiple ulcers on the genitals)	Is the same.
Uncomplicated gonorrhea	The initial single dosage is 1.5 grams. After this, tetracycline should be taken 300 milligrams 4 times a day for at least 4 days. In total, the total dosage should be 9 grams.
Granuloma inguinale (a disease with chronic inflammation of the genital organs)	Is the same.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (a disease characterized by the appearance of ulcers on the genitals with enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes)	Is the same.
Syphilis	For early syphilis, take 200 milligrams 4 times a day for two weeks and or for one month for late syphilis.
Eye diseases
Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye)	Same.	The eye ointment is placed under the lower eyelid in a thin layer. The procedure is repeated 3–5 times a day. The duration of treatment should be determined by the doctor.
Blepharitis (inflammation of the edges of the eyelids)
Keratitis (inflammation of the cornea)
Barley
Trachoma (damage to the mucous membrane of the eye and cornea with a chronic course)	The dosage and duration of treatment depends on the stage of the disease.
Infectious skin diseases
Acne	Same.	Selected by a dermatologist.
Rosacea (rosacea)
Other infectious diseases
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (an infectious disease with severe intoxication and a characteristic skin rash)	Same.	The dose and duration of treatment are selected individually.
Plague
Typhus (a disease that causes a rash on the skin and also affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems)
Relapsing fever (a disease characterized by intoxication and paroxysmal fever)
Tularemia (an infectious disease with fever, intoxication and damage to the lymph nodes)
Brucellosis (an infectious disease affecting multiple organs)	Tetracycline tablets are taken in a dosage of 100–150 milligrams 4 times a day for 21 days along with intravenous streptomycin.
Yaws (a disease that affects the skin, bones and cartilage)	The dosage and duration of therapy is selected individually.
Ornithosis (an infectious disease affecting the respiratory and central nervous systems, as well as enlargement of the liver and spleen)
Actinomycosis (a chronic disease affecting various organs and tissues)

Tablets and capsules

Today, tetracycline antibiotics include a wide selection of lyophysilates, tablets, ointments, eye drops, and syrups. Now there are capsules containing tetracycline. The tablet analogue to some extent solves the problem of the negative effect of the antibiotic on the stomach and digestive tract. Nowadays, most tetracycline antibiotics for oral use are produced in capsules or film-coated tablets. These are drugs based on the following derivatives:

• doxycycline (“Bassado”, “Vidoccin”, “Dovicin”, “Doxycycline”),
• oleandomycin (“Oletetrin”),
• oxytetracycline and erythromycin (“Ericycline”),
• minocycline ("Minocycline")

And also based on tetracycline itself: “Tetracycline AKOS”, “Tetracycline LekT”, tetracycline hydrochloride.

The use of these dosage forms is indicated for all types of internal infections: genitourinary, bronchopulmonary, intestinal. They are used as an addition to the treatment of ENT diseases and skin problems. Tetracycline group drugs are prescribed to adults and children aged 8-12 years (depending on the drug). Thus, tetracycline and metacycline are prescribed from the age of 8, doxycycline from the age of 9, and oxytetarcycline from the age of 10.

However, you should not buy an analogue instead of the prescribed drug, which is based on tetracycline. Both the instructions, carefully studied before taking the medicine, and the positive reviews collected about the drug do not guarantee that the product will suit you. Yes, the symptoms described in the annotation and the symptoms you have may coincide; yes, the neighbor who recommended this medicine to you felt better literally after the first pill; Yes, the active ingredients of both medications are almost identical... But there is one thing, and experts never tire of repeating this. When prescribing a drug, the doctor takes into account many factors. As a rule, the medicine he recommends is optimal for this particular case. So you shouldn't do it on your own.

Drug interactions

Since tetracycline forms insoluble compounds when interacting with heavy metals, during treatment it is not recommended to consume dairy products and medications containing their ions.

The antimicrobial component reduces the effect of estrogen-based oral contraceptives

An antibiotic with vitamin A should be taken with great caution, since the combination of these substances provokes GM pseudotumor syndrome

Tetracycline enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants, so during treatment the doctor must monitor the prothrombin time. The combination of a tetracycline drug with penicillins and cephalosporins, which have a bactericidal effect and act as antagonists of bacteriostatic antibiotics, should be avoided.

If the medicine is used in combination with Retinol, intracranial pressure may develop. Cholestyramine and Colestipol reduce the degree of absorption of Tetracycline.

Contraindications to the use of the drug

Contraindications for Tetracycline tablets are:

• Leukopenia.
• Age up to 8 years.
• 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.
• Lactation.
• Increased individuality.

This must be taken into account before use. Contraindications to the use of Tetracycline are described in detail in the instructions.

The medicine should be used with caution in patients with kidney failure. Tetracycline ointment also has contraindications. It is not prescribed for fungal infections of the skin or with high sensitivity to the components. Eye ointment is not prescribed for impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver, for children under 8 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation, or for hypersensitivity to the medication.

Directions for use and dosage

Tetracycline tablets are taken orally with plenty of liquid.

Adults are usually prescribed 0.25-0.5 g 4 times a day or 0.5-1 g 2 times a day (every 12 hours). The maximum dose is 4 g per day. Children over 8 years old are prescribed 4 times a day (every 6 hours) at 6.25-12.5 mg/kg or every 12 hours at 12.5-25 mg/kg.

When treating acne, Tetracycline is used at a dose of 0.5-2 g per day. When the condition improves (usually after 3 weeks), the dose is gradually reduced to a maintenance dose of 0.125-1 g. Adequate remission of acne can be achieved by intermittent therapy or taking the drug every other day.

For uncomplicated gonorrhea, the drug is prescribed in an initial single dose of 1.5 g, followed by 0.5 g every 6 hours for 4 days (total dose - 9 g).

When treating brucellosis for 3 weeks, every 6 hours it is recommended to take 0.5 g of Tetracycline simultaneously with intramuscular injection of 1 g of streptomycin (during the first week - every 12 hours, during the second week - 1 time per day).

For early syphilis, 0.5 g of Tetracycline should be taken every 6 hours for 15 days; for late syphilis, the drug should be taken for 30 days.

For uncomplicated urethral, ​​rectal and endocervical infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, the drug in a dose of 0.5 g should be taken 4 times a day for at least 7 days.

Tetracycline in the form of an eye ointment is used topically, placing it every 2-4 hours or more often behind the eyelid. The duration of therapy is determined by the disease (for trachoma - 1-2 months or longer, simultaneous use with systemic drugs is possible).

Ointment for external use 1-2 times a day should be applied to the affected areas of the skin (an occlusive dressing may be applied).

Rules for using the drug

Each form in which the medicine is produced has its own rules and methods of use.

Film-coated tablets

It is recommended to take the tablets 40 minutes before meals or two hours after, with plenty of liquid. The daily dosage is 2 g.

Adult patients are prescribed half a tablet four times a day or one tablet twice a day.

Ointment for external use 3%

Tetracycline ointment 3% is used to treat skin diseases caused by bacteria. Effective use for eczema, abscesses, boils, carbuncles.

The composition is applied in a thin layer 1-2 times a day to the inflamed area. The duration of treatment should not exceed two weeks.

Eye ointment 1%

Tetracycline ointment 1% is intended for the treatment of eye diseases of bacterial origin. The composition is applied to the lower eyelid 4 times a day.

Pregnant women and breastfeeding

Tetracycline is prohibited for use in any trimester of pregnancy. The components of the drug penetrate through the placenta to the fetus and accumulate in the skeletal system and tooth buds, which leads to serious developmental disorders.

Use in children

The drug is contraindicated in children under 9 years of age. For children older than this age, treatment is carried out according to two schemes. The dosage is calculated according to the child’s weight.

A dosage of 7-12 mg/kg every 6 hours, or 12-24 mg/kg every 12 hours is prescribed.

In case of liver dysfunction

In case of liver dysfunction, the drug "Tetracycline" is prescribed with caution, monitoring the functioning of the internal organ using ultrasound and blood tests

pharmachologic effect

The main active component of the drug belongs to the bacteriostatic antibiotics of the tetracycline series. The mechanism of action of the drug is aimed at disrupting the processes of protein production in the cells of pathogenic microflora.

Tetracycline actively destroys gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms: Streptococcus spp., Francisella tularensis, Listeria spp., Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Bordetella pertussis, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Mita spp. , Herella spp., Bacteroides spp… Vibrio comma. Vibrio fetus, Bartonella bacilliformis, Staphylococcus spp., Borrelia burgdorferi. Brucella species, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp..

In cases where the patient has contraindications to the use of antibiotics belonging to the penicillin group, Tetracycline is often used to combat Clostridium spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Actinomyces spp., Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp., Plasmodium falciparum, Treponema spp.

The following bacteria are resistant to an antibiotic such as Tetracycline: Pseudomoivas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Serratia spp., a large number of strains of Bacteroides spp., beta-hemolytic type streptococci, which are part of group A.

What are tetracyclines (mode of action)

The group of tetracyclines and their derivatives (including semisynthetic ones) has a little more than 260 drugs and almost 40 names. They are united by a chemical structure: a condensed 4-row system. The similarity of structure determines a similar antimicrobial effect and mechanism of influence.

The work of tetracyclines is based on bacteriostatic properties (the ability to stop the proliferation of microorganisms) by inhibiting (suppressing) the protein synthesis of microbial cells.

Such widespread production of drugs in this series is also due to their ability to influence a wide range of microorganisms. Among the latest:

• gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria,
• rickettsia,
• causative agent of trachoma,
• psittacosis viruses,
• spirochetes,
• Leptospira.

Over the years of long-term production, many microorganisms have developed resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline. The analogue, as a rule, turns out to be more effective. Drugs from the tetracycline series differ in the active substance, its quantity, strength and speed of action, method of application, rate of absorption and excretion from the body.

special instructions

Tetracycline can interact with drugs belonging to other pharmacological groups.

With long-term use of tablets, it is necessary to periodically determine the parameters of liver and kidney functions, as well as peripheral blood.

It is not advisable to eat dairy products during treatment with Tetracycline; they help reduce the absorption of the active substance into the blood.

The use of this medicine helps to reduce the absorption of vitamins B and K. For this reason, patients are recommended to additionally use multivitamin preparations or brewer's yeast.

Tetracycline can interact with drugs belonging to other pharmacological groups. When prescribing treatment, you should inform your doctor about the use of other medications.

The main active component of the drug does not affect the functions of the brain and nervous system as a whole. But because side effects from the nervous system are possible, when using this remedy it is not recommended to perform work associated with increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Important! Independent use of Tetracycline can cause the development of unwanted side effects. Treatment must be prescribed by a specialist.. https://www.youtube.com/embed/wrwakPG8ZPU

History of development

The history of the use of antibiotics begins on February 12, 1942, when the first antibiotic was administered to hopelessly ill people dying of blood poisoning at Oxford University. They improved within a few days, and then they finally died. The antibiotic was not found in the required quantities.

The very first of the large group of tetracyclines was isolated (from the radiant mushroom) chlortetracycline. Today, doctors and patients know it under the name biomycin or aureomycin. This event happened in 1945 in Oxford. And already in 1948, its clinical and laboratory tests began. Just a year later, another antibiotic of this group appears - terramycin (oxytetracycline). And its use for medicinal purposes began the following year, 1950.

The semisynthetic tetracycline known to all of us was synthesized in 1952. And only a year later they were able to isolate it from the culture liquid of fungi.

Microorganisms have very high resistance; they are able to quickly adapt to antibiotics, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the drugs. This fate did not spare tetracycline.

Today, scientists are forced to produce more and more generations of antibiotics, and the family of drugs is rapidly expanding with new drugs with the latest active ingredients.

Features of application

Due to the possible development of photosensitivity, it is necessary to limit insolation. With long-term use, periodic monitoring of the function of the kidneys, liver, and hematopoietic organs is necessary. It can mask the manifestations of syphilis, and therefore, if a mixed infection is possible, monthly serological analysis is necessary for 4 months.

All tetracyclines form stable complexes with calcium ions in any bone-forming tissue. In this regard, intake during the period of tooth development can cause long-term staining of teeth in a yellow-gray-brown color, as well as enamel hypoplasia.

To prevent hypovitaminosis, vitamins B and K and brewer's yeast should be prescribed.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Contraindicated during pregnancy (tetracyclines pass through the placenta, accumulate in the bones and dental buds of the fetus, disrupting their mineralization, and can cause severe disturbances in the development of bone tissue). FDA category of effect on the fetus is D.

During treatment, it is necessary to stop breastfeeding (tetracyclines pass into breast milk and can adversely affect the development of the baby’s bones and teeth, as well as cause photosensitivity reactions, oral and vaginal candidiasis in infants).

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles or potentially dangerous mechanisms. There is no data on the effect on reaction speed when driving vehicles or working with machinery.

tetracycline: human health

Basic indicators:

Index		Meaning	Source / Qualitative indicators / Other information	Explanation
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg/kg)		807	V3 Rat	Moderately
Mammals - Skin LD50 (mg/kg body weight)		—	—	—
Mammals - Inhalation CK50 (mg/l)		—	—	—
ADI - permissible daily dose (mg/kg body weight per day)		—	—	—
ARfD - average daily intake (mg/kg body weight per day)		—	—	—
AOEL - acceptable systemic operator exposure level		—	—	—
Skin absorption (%)		—	—	—
Hazardous Substances Directive 76/464/EC		—	—	—
Types of restrictions		—	—	—
by category	Are common:	—
	Professional:	—
Examples of European MRLs (mg/kg)	Meaning:	—
	Note:
MPC in drinking water (µg/l)		—	—	—

Toxicological and hygienic characteristics:

V	—	V	X	—	V	V	V	V
Effect on humans		[No further information available]

V: Yes, it is known what causes it X: No, it is known what does not cause it? : Possibly, not exactly determined - : No data

Legislation:

Index		Meaning	Source / Qualitative indicators / Other information	Explanation
Basics		[No information available]
European Commission Risk Classification		—
European Commission safety classification		—
WHO classification		No - not a ppp	—	—
US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) classification		—	—	—
UN Number		—
Packaging and disposal		—

pharmachologic effect

A broad-spectrum antibacterial drug that has a bacteriostatic effect. Bacterial activity:

• Causative agents of gonorrhea;
• Enterobacteriaceae of various species;
• Klebsiella of various types;
• Shigella of various types;
• Staphylococci of various types;
• Treptococci of various types;
• Causative agents of whooping cough;
• Escherichia coli;
• Salmonella of various types;
• Clostridia of various species;
• Rickettsia of various species;
• Causative agents of mycoplasmosis;
• Pathogens of chlamydia.

Lack of activity:

• Bacteria of the genus Proteus;
• Various small viruses;
• Most causative agents of fungal infections.

Reviews

The medicine worked for me.
I chose a combination of drops and face cream - the effect did not take long to arrive and was simply amazing! Emotional stability came, the hot flashes stopped and, very importantly, they did not return after completing the course. The cream is simply wonderful, it moisturizes and rejuvenates the skin well. I liked that the products are safe and non-hormonal, with a natural composition. I recommend it for use. Natalya, Ryazan.
I’ve been taking Qi-Klim tablets for a month now and I’m very pleased.
I can say that for a product of herbal origin, the drug acts quite quickly. Gradually my heartbeat returned to normal, my fatigue went away, I became calmer and wake up refreshed in the morning. The doctor advised combining it with Qi-Clim Alanine, as it copes well with hot flashes. During my next visit to the gynecologist, I will clarify the rules of admission and will definitely try it. Evgenia, Krasnodar.
I am 43 years old, my uterus and ovaries were removed.
Six months after the operation, insomnia, incomprehensible fears, apathy, strong heartbeat appeared, and pressure changes began to bother me. My pharmacist daughter recommended Qi-Klim, and a few days after I started taking it, I felt significant relief! I have been taking the medicine 2 times a day for 10 days now, all the symptoms have gone away, my mood has improved and my strength has been restored. I plan to continue taking it at this dosage. Olga, Tver.

Tetracycline antibiotic

The antibiotic tetracycline is contraindicated in the following situations:

• In case of hypersensitivity to antibiotics from the Tetracycline group.
• Tetracycline should not be taken during pregnancy (second and third trimester).
• Tetracycline tablets are contraindicated in children under 8 years of age.
• The drug is prohibited for leukopenia.

Particular caution should be exercised when prescribing Tetracycline in cases of concomitant stomach and intestinal ulcers and severe kidney damage. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the prescription of Tetracycline is justified only in severe pathologies, when the expected effect of treatment exceeds the likelihood of harm to the fetus

The instructions for Tetracycline tablets indicate that side effects may occur when taking the drug:

1. Digestive system dysfunction:

• Nausea and vomiting,
• Decreased appetite
• Abnormal stool
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and enlargement of its papillae,
• Reactive esophagitis and gastritis,
• Ulcerative damage to the gastric and intestinal mucosa,
• Disturbance in the process of swallowing food - dysphagia,
• Liver damage, increased levels of transaminases (liver enzymes) in the blood,
• Inflammation of the pancreas
• Disturbance of normal intestinal microflora and development of dysbacteriosis.

• Intracranial hypertension may occur
• Loss of orientation in space,
• Dizziness.

1. Tetracycline-AKOS can cause allergic reactions in some cases:

• Spotty rashes on the skin,
• The appearance of allergic nodules,
• Redness of the skin,
• Development of swelling,
• Anaphylactic shock,
• Development of drug-induced lupus
• Increases sensitivity to sunlight.

1. From the circulatory system may be noted;

• Decrease in platelet count,
• Development of hemolytic anemia.

1. The instructions for Tetracycline note that the drug disrupts the functioning of the urinary organs, increasing the concentration of nitrogenous compounds and creatinine in the blood.

Side effects

The instructions for using the antibacterial drug Tetracycline + Nystatin indicate the side effects of the active components of the drug on the body:

• A reaction to a medication in the digestive organs can cause a decrease or loss of appetite, nausea, which can provoke vomiting, severe diarrhea, periodic constipation, a sharp decrease in body weight, inflammation, or ulcers on the tongue, a change in the shade of tooth enamel. As well as dryness of the mucous membrane and its inflammation in the oral cavity, bad breath and taste in the mouth, acute gastritis, impaired swallowing reflex,
• A negative reaction to blood flow system tablets is a sharp increase in the concentration of bilirubin molecules in the blood, elements of liver transminases appear in the blood, creatinine molecules increase, and an increase in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase is diagnosed. The pathology of neuropenia, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia disease also manifests itself,
• Side effects on the centers of the nervous system manifest themselves in dizziness and painful sensations in the head,
• An allergy to the drug manifests itself as a rash on the skin, pathology urticaria, allergic rhinitis, skin itching, photosensitivity and swelling.

Photo gallery: Side effects

Dizziness, headaches Urticaria Nausea

If the patient’s condition is severe due to the side effects of the tablets, then this antibacterial drug will be discontinued immediately.

At what age can tetracycline tablets be given to children, and in what dosage?

Negative effects of tetracycline in childhood

Organs and tissues sensitive to tetracycline	Manifestations
Bone	Penetrating into bone tissue, tetracycline to some extent slows down and disrupts the process of bone growth. In the future, this may lead to a decrease in the rate of linear growth.
Tooth enamel	Tetracycline can destroy enamel and lead to a change in its color (affects mineralization). Subsequently, the teeth absorb almost all food dyes, as a result of which individual segments or the entire crown are painted yellow or yellow-brown. These manifestations refer to non-carious lesions of the tooth and depend on the dose and duration of treatment. Long-term use of tetracycline can lead to underdevelopment of enamel.
Liver	Tetracycline is quite toxic to liver tissue (hepatotoxic). Passing through the liver cells of a child, this antibiotic can cause such severe disorders as fatty liver (accumulation of large amounts of fat in liver cells) or even necrosis of liver tissue (destruction of liver cells).
central nervous system	The main manifestations are dizziness and an unsteady and shaky gait. By acting on the central nervous system, tetracycline can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure (intracranial hypertension), which is quite dangerous for the child’s body.

200 milliliters Daily and single dosage of tetracycline for children

Daily dosage of tetracycline	Two-time dosage (take every 12 hours)	Four times a single dosage (take every 6 hours)
25 - 50 milligrams of tetracycline per kilogram of body weight.	12.5 – 25 mg/kg.	6.25 – 12.5 mg/kg.

When should you use Tetracycline?

Let's look at what Tetracycline tablets help with. According to the instructions, this drug is used in the treatment of diseases of an infectious and inflammatory nature. The use of Tetracycline is recommended only if the pathogen is sensitive to the drug. Most often, experts recommend using tablets for:

• infectious inflammation of the respiratory organs, including bronchi (Pneumonia, Bronchitis);
• inflammatory processes in the gallbladder area (Cholecystitis);
• intestinal infectious diseases;
• infectious diseases transmitted during sexual contact (Syphilis);
• infectious processes in the mucous membrane of the heart muscle (Endocarditis);
• inflammatory processes in the area of ​​the uterine mucosa (Endometritis);
• infectious diseases of eyelid tissues and inflammation of the conjunctiva (Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis);
• inflammatory processes in the prostate gland (Prostatitis);
• accumulations of purulent masses in the pleural cavity (pleural empyema);
• genital infectious diseases accompanied by the appearance of suppuration in the area
• lower urethra (Gonorrhea);
• purulent processes in bone tissue (Osteomyelitis);
• inflammatory processes complicated by the formation of pus in the area of ​​the collecting system (pyelonephritis).

In addition to the above pathological conditions, Tetracycline tablets can be used in the treatment of acne complicated by inflammatory processes of an infectious nature, as well as for preventive purposes during postoperative rehabilitation.

Possible side effects

The use of tetracycline may cause the following side effects:

• disorders of the digestive system;
• disorders of the nervous system;
• disorders of the hematopoietic organs;
• disorders of the urinary system;
• allergic manifestations;
• other side effects.

Digestive system disorders

intestines, stomach, vomiting, or vomiting. Oral intake of tetracycline can lead to the following side effects:

• diarrhea;
• constipation;
• glossitis;
• esophagitis;
• increased liver tests.

Glossitis Esophagitis heartburn Increased liver function tests liver cells enzymes hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase

Disorders of the hematopoietic organs

In rare cases, tetracycline may cause the following side effects:

• thrombocytopenia;
• neutropenia;
• hemolytic anemia.

Thrombocytopenia of plateletsthrombus significantly accelerates this process nosebleeds bruises even in the brain Neutropenianeutrophilsone of the subtypes of white blood cellsheadachemyalgiaHemolytic anemia of red blood cellsbilirubinjaundice

Urinary system disorders

The following side effects are identified when taking tetracycline:

• hypercreatininemia;
• azotemia.

Hypercreatininemia creatinine Azotemia reabsorption process oliguria xerostomia edema tachycardia weakness

Allergic manifestations

allergies The main mediator is histamine When taking tetracycline, the following allergic reactions may occur:

• skin hyperemia;
• Quincke's edema;
• anaphylactoid reactions;
• drug-induced lupus;
• photosensitivity.

Skin hyperemia Quincke's edema Subcutaneous fatty tissue swelling of the laryngeal mucosa Anaphylactoid reactions this reaction is based on immune processes respiratory failure blood pressure collapse Drug-induced lupus systemic lupus erythematosus atrophy, redness and scaly red spots in some cases resort to treatment with corticosteroids Photosensitization inflammation of the skin under the influence of ultraviolet rayallergen

Other side effects

Tetracycline can also cause the following side effects:

• candidiasis;
• change in the color of tooth enamel (in children);
• hyperbilirubinemia.

Candidiasis thrush microflora flatulence excessive gas formation in the intestines Changes in the color of tooth enamel can also be various shades of yellow and brown Hyperbilirubinemia increased breakdown of red blood cells unbound bilirubin bound bilirubin

Similar drugs

The medicine contains a unique complex of biologically active substances, therefore it has no structural analogues. But Qi-Clim can be replaced with drugs of a similar effect if for some reason it is not suitable for treating the patient. In this case, the following drugs are prescribed:

• Estrovel.
• Vitaprost forte.
• Hormoplex.
• Rudotel.
• Klimara.
• Sibazon.
• Estrimax.
• Nobrassite.
• Deprim.
• Klimadinon Uno.
• Remens.
• Estrofem.
• Qi-Klim Alanin.
• Feminal.
• Klymen.
• Phlogenzyme.
• Bellaspon.
• Ovestin.
• Relanium.
• Napoton.
• Duphaston.
• Nozepam.
• Telektol.

These medications are completely harmless to women’s health, will help significantly improve their general condition during menopause and are recommended for use after consultation with the doctor.

Therapeutic therapy with Qi-Klim is suitable for most female representatives, who are delighted to note the improvement in their well-being after starting to use the healing agent. Thanks to its mild effects and affordable price, the drug is popular with patients who want to maintain their health and beauty as long as possible with the onset of menopause.

Indications for use

Tetracycline tablets are a drug with antibacterial properties. The main active ingredient is tetracycline hydrochloride. The instructions indicate sucrose, talc, potato starch, gelatin, and calcium stearate as auxiliary ingredients. In addition to the active substance, eye ointment contains fat, petroleum jelly, paraffin, etc.

The degree of absorption of the drug when used on an empty stomach is 77%. Taking with food reduces the degree of absorption. The active substance binds to plasma fluid proteins by 60%. The maximum concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride is observed 120-180 minutes after application.

So, what are Tetracycline tablets for? Indications for use are as follows:

• Pneumonia, bronchitis;
• Chronic prostatitis;
• Infections affecting soft tissues, including purulent ones;
• Furunculosis, acne;
• Intestinal diseases caused by pathogenic microflora;
• Syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.

What is Tetracycline for? Some medical professionals prescribe tablets to treat severe sore throat. Sometimes the product is used for acne. Pills will not help against the herpes virus because they do not have antiviral activity. However, you can use eye ointment for HSV - this option is more related to the inappropriate use of the medication, but has many positive reviews.

With some sexually transmitted diseases, for example, syphilis or gonorrhea, skin symptoms often appear - redness, rash, etc. Tablets are prescribed to destroy the pathogen, which helps reduce the severity of visual manifestations. Additionally, topical agents may be recommended if the symptoms greatly impair the patient’s quality of life.

Indications

Tetracycline tablets are prescribed for the etiotropic treatment of pathologies of infectious-inflammatory origin, the development of which is caused by the proliferation of pathogens sensitive to the main component of the drug. Typically the drug is used in the treatment of:

• pneumonia - infectious inflammation of the lungs;
• acne complicated by infectious inflammation;
• pleural empyema - accumulations of pus inside the pleural cavity;
• osteomyelitis – purulent damage to bone tissues having different localization;
• bronchitis – infectious inflammation of the bronchi;
• various intestinal infections;
• cholecystitis - damage to the gallbladder;
• conjunctevitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva;
• pyelonephritis – purulent-inflammatory processes in the renal collecting system;
• blepharitis – infectious and inflammatory processes on the eyelids;
• endometritis - inflammation of the mucous surface of the uterus;
• brucellosis - a specific form of infection that is transmitted from certain types of animals;
• endocarditis - an infectious process that occurs on the surface of the mucous membranes in the cavities of the myocardium;
• gonorrhea - a sexually transmitted infection, which is characterized by purulent lesions of the lower parts of the urinary canals;
• prostatitis – inflammation of the prostate gland in representatives of the stronger sex;
• syphilis is an infection that is sexually transmitted.

Along with this, the drug is prescribed to prevent the development of infectious complications after surgical interventions.

Tetracycline ointment - instructions for use

Naturally, instructions for using Tetracycline ointment are included with the drug itself, but often the tube is stored separately from the packaging, and it is lost or thrown away. It would not be superfluous to clarify the method and indications for use, and the features of the drug. The ointment is used for infectious or bacteriological diseases of the skin, mucous membranes, and eye infections such as:

• acne;
• streptostaphyloderma;
• furunculosis;
• folliculitis;
• infected eczema;
• trophic ulcers;
• blepharitis;
• unspecified conjunctivitis;
• trachoma;
• chlamydial eye infections.

The drug is applied pointwise to the affected area 1-2 times a day until complete recovery, and not just the disappearance of the lesion. Sometimes, for large areas of the disease, tetracycline-based bandages or lotions are used. Any use of medications must be agreed with the treating specialist. If unusual symptoms occur after application, you should immediately stop using and consult a doctor. Shelf life after opening the tube is no more than 2-3 months.

For children

The use of Tetracycline ointment for children under 8-11 years of age is extremely undesirable, because studies of contraindications and full effects have not been conducted

The doctor may prescribe the drug to the child, but it is important to carefully monitor possible side effects. It is strictly undesirable to use the ointment on infants under 1 year of age and during teething.

If the drug is still prescribed, then you need to use a 1% version of it, which is less aggressive and not supplemented with secondary active substances.

During pregnancy

According to the instructions for use, tetracycline is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. The substance penetrates the placental barrier, causing slower bone growth and fetal pathology. The medicine is prescribed in rare cases and for a short period of treatment. Recently, on some women's forums, on the contrary, tetracycline is aggressively recommended, since it is stated that “an ointment placed behind the eyelid for conjunctivitis cannot get into the fetus.” This is basic illiteracy, which also carries danger.

Contraindications

Despite the relative versatility of antibiotics of the tetracycline group, they still have their contraindications. First of all, these drugs can be taken by patients over 12 years of age. During pregnancy, the use of Tetracycline is strictly prohibited, as it actively penetrates the placental barrier and negatively affects the fetus (up to the occurrence of congenital pathologies of the musculoskeletal system)

For the same reasons, it should not be used by nursing women, since the antibiotic is excreted in breast milk. If there is an urgent need to use this drug, then the child needs to be switched to artificial formula for feeding.

In addition, Tetracycline is contraindicated in persons suffering from the following diseases:

• Leukopenia is a decrease in the content of the leukocyte component of the blood.
• Kidney or liver failure.
• Any fungal infections, regardless of location.
• Autoimmune lupus erythematosus.

Before starting treatment, the patient is tested for individual intolerance to tetracycline itself or additional components of the drug.

Description of composition and release form

Today, an antibacterial agent called “Tetracycline” (instructions for use are always included in each package) is available in three main forms - in the form of red tablets, an eye ointment and an ointment intended for external use on the skin. The latter contains petroleum jelly, ceresin, anhydrous lanolin and sodium pyrosulfite as auxiliary components. The active ingredient is tetracycline hydrochloride, contained in a volume of 3.226 grams. The eye ointment contains anhydrous lanolin and medical petroleum jelly. In addition, it is mandatory to contain an element such as tetracycline. The tablets contain calcium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, potato starch, gelatin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, polysorbate 80 and talc as additional components. The dragee shell contains methylcellulose-16, hyprolose, azorubine dye, Tween-80, titanium dioxide, silicone emulsion and tropeolin dye. Tetracycline hydrochloride also acts as an active element.

Can tetracycline be effectively replaced?

This question often worries those who are attentive to their health and have read the instructions for using the prescribed drug.

A medicine whose main active ingredient is tetracycline cannot be called harmless. An analog (any of the group), like the original, will also have many contraindications. However, it should be remembered that the drug was prescribed by a doctor, and before that he must weigh the expected benefits of use and possible negative consequences.

Doctors prescribe medicine (this also applies to the tetracycline group) only in cases where the benefits outweigh the possible negative consequences.

Under no circumstances should you use this drug or its analogues on your own. This also applies to topical use of ointments. After all, their long-term use can lead to serious problems.

Exceeding the recommended dose

The drug Tetracycline is indicated for oral administration. Tablets should be taken with plenty of liquid.

The wide range of indications for use explains the wide variability of dosage and administration regimens in the treatment of various ailments. For a more detailed description of the method of use and the required dosages, you should contact a medical institution for consultation with a doctor.

for adults

Adults take 0.25 to 0.5 g of medication every 6 hours. Another option for the dosage regimen is the following regimen: 0.5-1 g of the substance twice a day at an interval of 12 hours.

The total amount of the drug taken per day should not exceed 4 grams.

For acne, prescribe from 0.5 to 2 per day in several doses. After about 20 days, the dosage is reduced to 0.125-1 g.

For brucellosis, the patient takes 0.5 medications every 6 hours for 3 weeks. In this case, Tetracycline is usually combined with streptomycin.

Gonorrhea without complications requires taking 1.5 g as an initial single dosage, and then 0.5 g of the drug should be used 4 times a day for 4 days.

For syphilis, take 0.5 grams 4 times a day. The course of treatment is 2 weeks and 4 weeks for early and late syphilis, respectively.

For uncomplicated endocervical, urethral and rectal infectious lesions, 0.5 grams of the drug is prescribed every 6 hours for at least a week.

for children

Children over 8 years of age use from 6.25 to 12.5 mg per kilogram of body weight 4 times a day at regular intervals. Another dosage regimen is the use of 12.5-25 mg per kg of body weight twice a day.

In case of an overdose of Tetracycline, symptoms such as attacks of nausea, vomiting and dizziness occur. In more complex cases, hematuria (blood in the urine) appears. If these symptoms develop, it is recommended to take measures to cleanse the stomach and intestines, as well as take sorbents.

Characteristics of the drug

Tetrahydrovit for broiler chickens

The method of obtaining the drug Tetracycline is biosynthetic. The drug is obtained by dichlorination of Tetracycline molecules. The composition of the drug is a base and a hydrogen chloride salt.

Properties

The base of the medicine is a powder that has a light yellow color, a crystalline structure, is odorless, has a bitter taste, and is poorly soluble in both water and alcohol. The powder withstands weakly acidic environments well and is inactivated in solutions of strong acids and alkalis. The result is salts with inorganic and organic acids and alkali earth metals. The shelf life of the drug is no more than two years.

Tetracycline

Note: The tablets in which the drug is produced are yellow in color with a green tint, their shape is round, and has a flat surface.

Release form

The drug Tetracycline is available in the form of a powder, which is packaged in a plastic bag of half a kilogram or three kilograms, or in the form of tablets and capsules weighing from 0.1 to 0.2 grams, which are packaged in one or two kilograms in plastic bags.

To prevent side effects, the drug is released in the form of dragees; it is also included in Vitacycline tablets.

The composition of this drug consists of:

• Tetracycline;
• Thiamine chloride;
• Riboflavin;
• Ascorbic acid.

The drug must be stored in a dry, dark place. The storage temperature should not exceed twenty-two degrees. When using the drug, the dosage with water per bird is important.

Tetracyclines in veterinary medicine

How the drug works

Tetracycline primarily inhibits protein synthesis in chickens. In addition, it has antimicrobial properties. Effectively destroys gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, rickettsia and large viruses. This drug is able to resist microbes that are not affected by penicillin or streptomycin.

Used for diseases:

• pneumonia;
• genitourinary systems;
• dysentery;
• gastroenteritis;
• pasteurellosis;
• salmonellosis;
• colibacillosis.

In addition to overcoming diseases, the drug is used for other diseases affecting animals. Tetracycline for chickens stops the action of pathogens and kills them. The main active ingredient of the drug is absorbed into the organs of the chicks within thirty minutes.

Treatment of chickens

The antibiotic is able to act in the body of chicks throughout the day. For this reason, it should be given to chickens once every twenty-four hours. The drug is excreted from the body of chicks by the kidneys using bile.

Important! Tetracycline should not be used if the constituent substance is not tolerated by birds. You can kill chickens after using the drug no earlier than a week later.

A chicken preparation is used to prevent diseases in hens and chickens in an amount of twenty to fifty milligrams twice every twenty-four hours. Chickens are fed for five days to a week. You need to know how to dilute Tetracycline for chickens in water.

Tetracycline: analogues

• Bioparox (fusafungine);
• Biseptol;
• Vibramycin;
• Hyoxysine;
• Dexatobrome;
• Dioxidine;
• Isoniazid;
• Levofloxacin;
• Nalidixic acid;
• Nitroxoline;
• Nifuroxacid;
• Ofloxin;
• Sparfloxacin;
• Tavanik;
• Medomycin;
• Metacycline;
• Terzhinan;
• Olethetrin;
• Tetracycline Hydrochloride;
• Furadonin;
• Chloramphenicol;
• Ciprofloxacin;
• Tsifran;
• Unidox.

Features of treatment, side effects and contraindications

Knowing the specifics of tetracycline treatment will help you avoid unwanted side effects. What is important to consider:

• During tetracycline therapy, milk and milk-based products should not be taken . They interfere with the absorption (absorption, absorption) of the antibiotic.
• Tetracycline forms sparingly soluble complexes with calcium, iron and other metals. Therefore, when treating with this antibiotic, it is not recommended to drink milk and other calcium-containing foods, as well as consume mineral complexes and foods rich in iron (apples, peas, herbs, buckwheat, apricots).
• not be used together with vitamin A. This can lead to increased blood pressure.

What side effects (unwanted consequences) may occur:

• Possible digestive disorders - intestinal dysbiosis, bloating and flatulence. At the same time, external treatment with tetracycline is much easier to tolerate by the body than oral antibiotics (by mouth). But in general, it also destroys friendly flora inside hollow organs.
• Disturbance of bacterial balance affects not only the intestines, but also the vaginal cavity - candidiasis is possible .
• Allergic itching, redness, swelling.
• In newborns, there is an accumulation of fat cells in the liver (in medical terminology, fatty hepatosis). Let us remind you once again that tetracycline ointment is not used in the treatment of infants and schoolchildren under 11 years of age.

Note: tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics that have been used in treatment for a long time. Therefore, today there are some strains of bacteria that are not sensitive to this antibiotic.

Contraindications to treatment:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding - tetracycline crosses the placenta and into breast milk.
• Children under 11 years old.
• Individual allergic reaction.
• Exceeding the storage period . The shelf life of tetracycline ointment is 3 years. Even if the composition was kept in the refrigerator, you should not use it after the specified period. At best, it will be ineffective. At worst, it will cause unwanted allergic or toxic reactions in the body.

Consider the storage features: a dark place (dark glass containers) and a temperature not higher than +25°C.

Tetracycline: reviews

Alena T. 19 years old. Simferopol “Tetracycline ointment helped me get rid of acne. I tried so many expensive drugs, but only this antibiotic helped. I smeared it on my face at night and after a week the acne went away.”

Konstantin P. 36 years old, Khabarovsk “My daughter had severe conjunctivitis, tea leaves did not help, I had to see a doctor. He prescribed Tetracycline ointment, which cured the child in three days.”

Leonid K. 27 years old, Khanty-Mansiysk. “I had severe bronchitis and only 100 mg tetracycline hydrochloride tablets saved me from possible pneumonia. He was cured in a week.”

Tetracycline and other drugs

When Tetracycline is used in symbiosis with bactericidal antibiotics, the effectiveness of the latter is reduced. We are talking about cephalosporins and penicillins. Antacids in tandem with tetracycline reduce absorption.

Tetracycline taken at the same time with estrogen-containing oral contraceptives reduces the effectiveness of the latter, increasing the risk of bleeding.

If you take the antibiotic we describe together with Retinol, this can increase intracranial pressure.

Interaction with other drugs

The drug Nystatin is taken together with Tetracycline in cases where it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of thrush or candidiasis. Nystatin is a powerful antifungal drug that prevents yeast-like fungi from the genus Candida from growing and multiplying. The thing is that Tetracycline in large dosages can inhibit the normal microflora of the intestines, mouth, vagina, and in some cases even the skin. In the absence of normal microflora, extremely favorable conditions are created for the growth and reproduction of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. In the future, this leads to the occurrence of candidiasis, and in most cases it affects the intestines. In this case, to prevent thrush, they resort to the use of an antimycotic - Nystatin.

It is also worth saying that most often both of these drugs are combined with Tetracycline and taken only in cases where it is necessary to undergo a long course of treatment of severe forms of diseases. Or in cases where the patient has a very reduced immune system, because it is with reduced immunity that the likelihood of candidiasis increases several times. It should be noted that in most cases, a combination of tetracycline and nystatin is used when it is necessary to resort to long-term treatment of certain serious diseases or if the patient has reduced immunity (with reduced immunity, the likelihood of candidiasis increases).

Indications for use Tetracycline

Tetracycline tablet for oral administration

The official instructions for the use of Tetracycline tablets indicate that they are effective for the following pathologies:

• All infectious diseases caused by pathogens sensitive to the drug.
• Infections of the skin, bones, soft tissues, mucous membranes (gingivitis, stomatitis, including ulcerative necrotic), acne, carbunculosis, furunculosis, suppuration of the skin, conjunctivitis.
• Intestinal amebiasis, cholera, anthrax, brucellosis, rickettsiosis, syphilis, tularemia, trachoma, yaws, listeriosis, uncomplicated gonorrhea, plague, granuloma inguinale, chlamydiasis, psittacosis, actinomycosis, etc.
• Bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tract.

Tetracycline ointment for local (external use)

• Ointment for external use: bacterial skin infections. Treatment of purulent skin infections: furunculosis, infected eczema, acne, folliculitis.
• Eye ointment: bacterial eye infections - blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, meibomitis (styre), trachoma, eye damage due to rosacea.

Tetracycline cost

The price for tetracycline is acceptable in any pharmacy. The cost of tetracycline depends on the form of release of this drug. So, tetracycline hydrochloride 100 mg in one tablet in tablets costs approximately 80 rubles per pack of 20 tablets, and Unidox (tablets, more precisely, Tetracycline powder used for solution) costs 340 rubles.

For Tetracycline with Nystatin, the price will be approximately 120 rubles per package of 10 tablets (how to take Tetracycline with Nystatin, the instructions for use for this drug will tell you). Tetracycline ointment (3%) will cost about 50 rubles, it all depends on the country of origin.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The drug is characterized by good absorption:

1. After taking tetracycline in tablet form, the highest concentration of the substance is concentrated in the body after 2–3 hours, then the level decreases. Food slows down the absorption of the medication by 2 times.
2. Intravenous infusion increases the bioavailability of the antibiotic up to 100% and accelerates the achievement of maximum positions of the substance in the blood.
3. The amount of drug in the bloodstream during injection is about 40% of the original dose of the drug.

The process of excretion from the body is carried out mainly through the kidneys, and to a lesser extent through the intestines.

Haemophilus ducreyi, Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Yersinia pestis, Haemophilus influenzae, Bartonella bacilliformis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Enterobacter spp., Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella spp., Vibrio fetus, Shigella spp., Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, Rickettsia spp. , Escherichia coli, Brucella spp.

The medicine is also active against Chlamydia psittaci, Treponema spp., Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

The degree of absorption of the drug when taken on an empty stomach is 75-77%; if taken with food, absorption decreases. The active substance binds to plasma proteins by 55-65%. When administered orally, the maximum plasma concentration is observed after 2-3 hours. It gradually decreases over 8 hours.

Once in the body, the active substance accumulates in the liver, lungs, kidneys, as well as in organs that are distinguished by a developed reticuloendothelial system. The content in bile is approximately 5-10 times higher than in blood serum. Tetracycline hydrochloride also accumulates in bone tissue, dentin, tumor tissues, and enamel of baby teeth. Penetrates through the placental barrier and into milk during lactation.

The half-life is 6-11 hours. 20-50% of the drug is excreted through the intestines.

During pregnancy (and lactation)

This drug is contraindicated during pregnancy. Passing through the placenta, tetracyclines accumulate in the bones and tooth buds of the developing fetus. They can disrupt mineralization and cause severe disorders in bone tissue.

The medicine should not be used not only during pregnancy, but also during lactation. It can penetrate into breast milk and negatively affect the condition of the baby’s bones and teeth, provoke photosensitivity reactions, as well as candidiasis of the mouth and vagina.

Tetracycline

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Tetracycline tablets contain as an active substance an antibiotic of the tetracycline group - tetracycline base, produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens. Produced in the form of greenish-yellow tablets, round in shape with a flat or biconvex surface, weighing 0.14 g, containing 0.1 g (100,000 units) of tetracycline base.

Instructions for the use of tetracycline tablets for the treatment of diseases of bacterial etiology in young farm animals (Developer organization: NPK Ascont+ LLC, Moscow region)

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Trade name of the drug: Tetracycline tablets. International nonproprietary name: tetracycline.

2. Dosage form: tablets for oral use. Tetracycline tablets contain 1 tablet weighing 0.2 g as the active ingredient 100 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride (in terms of tetracycline), and as excipients: lactose - 71 mg, potato starch - 20 mg, talc - 6 mg, calcium stearate – 3 mg. In appearance, the drug is yellow, round tablets.

3. Tetracycline tablets are packaged in 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 pieces in bags made of polyethylene film and packed in polypropylene jars, sealed with lids with a sealing element made of high-density polyethylene.

4. Tetracycline tablets are stored in the manufacturer’s sealed packaging in a dry, dark place, separate from food and feed, at a temperature of 5 °C to 25 °C. The shelf life of the medicinal product, subject to storage conditions, is 2 years from the date of manufacture. It is prohibited to use the medicinal product after the expiration date.

5. Tetracycline tablets should be kept out of the reach of children.

6. Unused medicinal product is disposed of in accordance with legal requirements.

II. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

7. Tetracycline tablets belong to the antibacterial drugs of the tetracycline group. The mechanism of action of tetracycline is to disrupt the formation of a complex between transfer RNA and the ribosome, which leads to suppression of protein synthesis. Active against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, as well as Rickettsia and some types of Mycoplasma. After oral administration, tetracycline hydrochloride is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and penetrates into most organs and tissues. The maximum concentration of the antibiotic in the blood is reached after 1.5-2 hours and is maintained at a therapeutic level after a single administration for 10-12 hours; excreted from the body mainly by the kidneys and partly through the intestines. According to the degree of impact on the body, Tetracycline tablets are classified as low-hazard substances (according to GOST 12.1.007, hazard class 4).

III. ORDER OF APPLICATION

8. Tetracycline tablets are prescribed for therapeutic purposes to calves, lambs, piglets with pasteurellosis, colibacillosis, gastroenterocolitis, respiratory and other diseases of bacterial etiology, the pathogens of which are sensitive to tetracyclines.

9. A contraindication to the use of tetracycline tablets is the increased individual sensitivity of the animal to the components of the drug.

10. Tetracycline tablets are administered to animals orally twice a day for 5-7 days in a single dose: - calves and lambs at the rate of 20 mg of the drug per 1 kg of animal weight; — piglets 30 mg of the drug per 1 kg of animal weight.

11. Overdose symptoms were not identified when using the drug in accordance with the instructions.

12. The specific effects of the drug upon its first use and discontinuation have not been established.

13. Avoid skipping the next dose of Tetracycline Tablets, as this may lead to a decrease in therapeutic effectiveness. If one dose is missed, the use of the drug is resumed at the same dosage and according to the same regimen.

14. When using the drug in accordance with these instructions, side effects and complications, as a rule, are not observed. If allergic reactions occur, stop using the drug and prescribe antihistamines and symptomatic treatment.

15. Tetracycline tablets should not be used simultaneously with corticosteroids, estrogens, or together with bactericidal drugs, due to a possible decrease in the antibacterial effect of tetracycline.

16. Slaughter of animals for meat is permitted no earlier than 6 days after the last use of Tetracycline Tablets. The meat of animals forcedly killed before the established deadlines can be used as feed for fur-bearing animals.

IV. PERSONAL PREVENTION MEASURES

17. When working with tetracycline tablets, you should follow the general rules of personal hygiene and safety precautions provided for when working with medications. While working with the drug, do not drink, smoke or eat. After finishing work, wash your hands with warm water and soap.

18. People with hypersensitivity to tetracycline should avoid direct contact with the drug. If the drug accidentally gets on the skin or mucous membranes, it must be washed off with running water and soap. In case of allergic reactions and/or accidental ingestion of the drug, you should immediately contact a medical facility (bring with you the instructions for use of the drug or the label).

19. Empty medicinal product containers are prohibited from being used for household purposes; it must be disposed of with household waste.

20. Organization-, 142279, Moscow region, Serpukhov district, Obolensk village, st. Stroiteley, building 2. The instructions were developed by NPK Askont+ LLC, 142279, Moscow region, Serpukhov district, Obolensk village, st. Stroiteley, building 2. With the approval of this instruction, the instructions for use of Tetracycline Tablets, approved by Rosselkhoznadzor on January 28, 2009, become invalid. Recommended for registration in the Russian Federation by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "VGNKI". Registration certificate number 32-3-3.14-2000 No. PVR-3-0.2/01153

Tetracycline: for what ailments is it indicated and effective?

According to the instructions for use, Tetracycline will quickly relieve the following (severe) diseases:

• Tularemia (disease transmitted from animals);
• Brucellosis;
• Typhus;
• Urinary tract diseases;
• Psittacosis (an infection transmitted from birds to humans);
• Inflammation of the membranes of the brain;
• Mastitis;
• Eye infections;
• Cellulitis;
• Cholera;
• Juvenile acne.

When asked what else Tetracycline helps with, we can confidently say that this drug is very effective in the treatment of sepsis (in tandem with different types of antibiotics).

This medicine also helps cure diseases such as:

1. Pneumonia;
2. Pleurisy;
3. Endocarditis;
4. Whooping cough;
5. Dysentery;
6. Gonorrhea.

Without antibiotic treatment, such diseases result in disability or even death.

In accordance with the indications for use, Tetracycline is used for preventive purposes. To avoid complications in those who have undergone surgery. Tetracycline is also successfully used for prostatitis.

Why give birds Tetracycline?

Tetracycline for broilers is an antibiotic that has the properties to resist microbes and bacteria, stops their growth and completely destroys them. In addition, this drug promotes the rapid growth and development of poultry. The use of the medicine prevents the death of the bird population. The composition of the drug has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the digestive system and prevents the development of pathogenic bacteria.

Important! Chicks should only be given antibiotics that are produced specifically for this purpose. Under no circumstances should you give drugs that are intended for humans.

Tetracycline is given to chicks in the following cases:

• For preventive purposes;
• For treatment in case of illness.

Medicines for broiler chickens

To identify sick chickens, they must be carefully examined. As soon as the first signs of the disease appear (lethargy, poor appetite and drowsiness), they must first be moved to a separate room and started to be given the drug. It is recommended to water healthy chicks for three or five days.

Adding the drug to water is advisable because this method has a number of advantages, namely:

• First of all, it does not require any special effort or expense;
• You can process the livestock at the same time, even if the chicks do not want to eat, they will still drink;
• The properties of the antibiotic will only improve when diluted in water.

Before you begin the procedure for dissolving the drug, you need to carefully study the instructions for use.

Tetracycline ointment: analogues

Analogs of tetracycline ointment may contain the same active ingredient or another substance with a similar effect. If it is necessary to replace a therapeutic agent, look for an ointment with the same effect, but without existing contraindications or adverse reactions. Thus, when treating children under 11 years of age, erythromycin ointment is used . It contains the antibiotic erythromycin (macrolide, prescribed for those who cannot tolerate penicillins)

. At the same time, it has no age restrictions and is used to treat infants and newborns. Reviews confirm the effectiveness of erythromycin ointment in the treatment of conjunctivitis, purulent boils and other skin infections and inflammations.

Analogs

The main thing that needs to be recalled is that the analogue of tetracycline ointment is prescribed by the doctor, not the patient, guided by his wallet. Even with the same focus and scope of application, drugs can differ radically in composition and have various contraindications. Tetracycline from different manufacturers can also vary significantly in price and quality of the drug. The most common analogues of this product:

• Mycosporus;
• Nitrofungin;
• Fuzimet ointment;
• Fukortsin;
• Dimexide;
• Pimafucort;
• Afloderm;
• Boromenthol;
• Ichthyol ointment.

Tetracycline ointment - description, action

The drug for external use, Tetracycline ointment, is sold with different concentrations of the active substance - tetracycline hydrochloride

(13%).
The smallest concentration is found in eye ointment, a product that can be used to treat various inflammatory pathologies of the organs of vision. Auxiliary components are:

The ointment has a yellowish tint, oily

, sold in tubes of 3,5,7,15 g. The price for the smallest volume of the drug is 45 rubles.
It is produced by different companies, “Tatkhimpharmpreparaty”, “Biosintez PAO”. The work of the ointment is due to the broad-spectrum antibiotic included in the composition. It suppresses proteins of pathogens of various diseases, including:

• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• Neisseria;
• bordetella;
• enterobacteria;
• Klebsiella;
• salmonella;
• Shigella

The drug is also used against a number of anaerobes, for example, clostridia. Tetracycline ointment helps against diseases caused by chlamydia, mycoplasma, and rickettsia. Fungi, viruses, and some bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

List of the best pills for menopause

Only a specialist can select medications for menopause. The doctor takes into account individual hormonal characteristics and the clinical picture of menopause. Let’s take a closer look at the list of the best remedies.

Estrovel

The drug belongs to non-hormonal herbal medicines. This is a biologically active food supplement (BAA). The product has virtually no contraindications. The exception is intolerance to the components of the herbal medicine.

Estrovel non-hormonal drug for menopause

How to use: take 1-2 capsules once a day with meals for 60 days.

Price – 425 rub. for 30 capsules per package.

Climacycline

An effective remedy for menopausal syndrome from a number of phytohormones and sedatives. Does not contain synthetic substances. The composition contains a large amount of magnesium and potassium, as well as B vitamins. Actively eliminates nervousness and hot flashes during early menopause, restores hormonal imbalance.

Climacycline does not cause allergic reactions and has no restrictions on use, except for hypersensitivity.

Climacycline is an effective remedy for menopause

You need to take the product 1 capsule once a day. Treatment lasts 2–3 months without interruptions.

Price – 400 rub. for 30 capsules.

Qi-klim

Good vitamins for women during menopause. The product synthesizes sex hormones, normalizes metabolic processes in the body, which improves well-being and smoothes out the unpleasant signs of menopause.

The vitamin complex has a gentle effect on the female body and does not cause negative reactions. Contraindications include an allergic reaction to the components of the drug.

Qi-klim herbal remedy

It is recommended to take vitamins 1 tablet once a day. The course of therapy is 2–3 months.

Price – 420 rub. for 60 tablets.

Menoforse

The most popular and most effective phytoestrogen. A preparation based on sage stabilizes hormonal levels and permanently eliminates discomfort due to vaginal dryness, reduces migraines, fatigue and emotional outbursts.

Menoforce has a number of contraindications:

• allergy to sage or auxiliary components of the medicine;
• the period of planning a child, gestation, breastfeeding;
• epileptic pathologies;
• inflammatory processes in the kidneys, renal failure;
• diabetes;
• neoplasms (benign or oncological) in the uterus, ovaries or mammary glands.

Menoforce is a popular drug for menopause.

The dosage and duration of administration are adjusted by the doctor. Usually prescribed to take 1 tablet once a day for at least 30 days.

Price – up to 4000 rub.

Klimaktonorm

The drug belongs to phytohormones, does not contain synthetic additives and does not cause side effects. Contraindications include individual intolerance.

Klimaktonorm has no side effects

Treatment regimen: drink 1-2 tablets once a day, chewing thoroughly and drinking 100 ml of plain water. The course of treatment is 1–2 months.

Price – 570 rub. for 60 tablets.

Klimadinon

A drug from the group of non-hormonal tablets for menopause produces anticlimacteric and estrogen-like effects. The product cannot be used in the presence of tumor processes or intolerance to the components of the drug.

Restrictions on the use of Klimadinon are:

• liver dysfunction;
• brain pathologies;
• epileptic disorders.

Klimadinon is a non-hormonal drug

You need to take a non-hormonal medicine at the same time in the morning and evening, 1 tablet. The course of therapy is from 1 month.

Price – 445 rub. for 60 tablets.

Lefem

Effective tablets from the group of non-hormonal phytoestrogens. It has no contraindications (except for intolerance to soy or other components of the drug) and does not cause adverse reactions.

Lefem is a good remedy during menopause

Treatment with Lefem is long-term – 6–12 months. You need to take 1-2 tablets in the morning and evening.

Price – from 45 rub. for 30 tablets.

Szigetin

A medicine from the group of hormonal drugs. The drug actively eliminates menopausal disorders by influencing the specific function of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for stimulating sex hormones.

The drug has no contraindications for women in menopause. The tablets have a gentle effect on the body without causing negative reactions.

Sigetin helps eliminate climate disorder

Sigetin is recommended to take 1-3 tablets 2 times a day for 1–1.5 months.

Price – 485 rub. for 30 tablets.

Feminal

The product belongs to phytohormones and is intended for the complete elimination or maximum relief of menopausal syndrome.

The drug should not be taken by people with intolerance to any of the components of the drug, otherwise it can provoke allergic reactions in the form of a skin rash.

Feminal contains phytohormones

Directions for use: 1 tablet with meals for 30 days.

Price – 700 rub. for 30 capsules.

Remens

Homeopathic tablets are non-hormonal medicines for menopause. The product quickly eliminates the unpleasant symptoms of menopause and normalizes hormonal levels.

It is not recommended for women who are intolerant to lactose or any other component of the drug.

Remens homeopathic medicine

You need to take the tablets 3 times a day, 1 tablet 30 minutes before meals or an hour after meals, do not drink it. The medicine dissolves in the mouth until completely dissolved. The course lasts 6 months.

Price – 275 rub. for 30 tablets.

Angelique

Anti-menopausal hormonal tablets. The drug is used for continuous hormone replacement therapy. The tablets help with hot flashes, normalize the emotional state, and improve the well-being of women in general.

Contraindications:

• thrombosis, thromboembolism;
• severe liver and kidney disorders;
• pathological changes of an oncological nature in the liver;
• malignant hormone-dependent tumors;
• mammary cancer;
• intolerance to the components of the drug.

Angelique hormonal pills

It is recommended to take the tablets at the same time, 1 tablet per day. The course is long and does not contain breaks. If a pack runs out, you need to start a new pack at the same time the next day.

Price – 1218 rub. for 28 tablets.

Important! Most effective drugs are herbal based. They are completely safe and do not affect the cardiac or endocrine system. This gives them advantages over hormonal medications, which contain synthetic substances and can negatively affect the female body.

Video

The video talks about how to quickly cure a cold, flu or acute respiratory viral infection.
Opinion of an experienced doctor. Indications for the use of this drug are as follows:

• pneumonia, tracheitis, bronchitis, pleural empyema;
• purulent soft tissue infections;
• pyelonephritis;
• endocarditis;
• prostatitis;
• whooping cough;
• rickettsial diseases;
• osteomyelitis;
• conjunctivitis, blepharitis;
• furunculosis, acne, infected eczema, folliculitis;
• cholecystitis;
• intestinal infections;
• endometritis;
• syphilis, gonorrhea;
• trachoma;
• brucellosis;
• tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis.

Of the listed diseases, eye ointment is used, and tablets are used to treat serious infectious diseases. For which ointment can be used in each individual case, it is advisable to consult a doctor. It is often prescribed instead of eye drops.

Regarding Tetracycline tablets (for what and in what dose to use), it is also better to consult a specialist. In some cases it is prescribed, for example, for sore throat. In addition, experts sometimes recommend using Tetracycline for acne.

The contraindications are as follows:

• leukopenia;
• age up to 8 years;
• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• pregnancy;
• breast-feeding;
• kidney/liver dysfunction.