Targeted therapy: what is it, targeted drugs in oncology, targeted chemotherapy

Modern methods of fighting cancer have proven their effectiveness. Targeted therapy for breast cancer is based on the sensitivity of the cells of this malignant neoplasm to hormonal substances. Drugs that target the affinity of tumor cell structures for them quickly reach the target area and affect the oncological process at the molecular level. Targeted medications have multiple side effects affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

A scientific publication by Doctor of Medical Sciences M. Stenin reports that the maximum antitumor effect in breast carcinoma can be achieved through the combined use of monoclonal antibody drugs - Trastuzumab and Lapatinib.

What's happened

Targeted therapy for breast cancer (BC) is a new technique in the treatment of breast cancer. The technique involves the use of drugs that have a targeted effect on the changed cellular structures. This type is also called immune targeted therapy or molecular.

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Thanks to the use of this type of treatment, it becomes possible to act only on tumor cells. At the same time, healthy tissues are not subject to negative changes. It is due to this effect that side effects during therapeutic measures occur in rare cases.

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Targeted group drugs can be prescribed either independently or in combination with other methods used to detect oncological pathology of the mammary glands. In addition, such medications can be used for preventive and therapeutic purposes in relation to patients who have spread of metastases to distant anatomical structures.

The effects of targeted medications are aimed at intracellular and external receptors, blood vessels that grow around the tumor formation, as well as proteins involved in the production of cancer cells. It is thanks to the therapeutic effect on these targets that the death of atypical cellular elements occurs.

It is also noted that in most cases, patients tolerate targeted therapy for breast cancer much easier than, for example, hormone or chemotherapy. It is also noted that the occurrence of side effects with this method of treatment is observed in only 4% of cases of breast cancer.

If this technique is used in conjunction with chemotherapy in the fight against a malignant process, then the most positive therapeutic result can be achieved.

Targeted therapy for melanoma

Research shows that in about half of all melanomas, cells have a mutation in the BRAF gene. Because of this, a mutant protein of the same name is formed in them, and they multiply quickly. In such cases, targeted drugs from the group of BRAF inhibitors are effective: dabrafenib, vemurafenib.

The MEK gene works in tandem with the BRAF gene. If a mutation is detected, your doctor may prescribe MEK inhibitors: cobimetinib and trametinib.

Some melanomas (on areas of the skin that are constantly exposed to sunlight, on the palms and soles, mucous membranes, under the nails) have a mutation in the C-KIT gene. The drugs imatinib and nilotinib may help.

Drugs

Targeted therapy in oncology for lesions of the mammary glands involves the use of various groups of medications. Thanks to such methods, it is possible to contain the spread of tumor formation for a long time or reduce the concentration of cancer cell structures in it.

This tactic, despite the fact that it does not completely cure, allows you to transfer the oncological process from an aggressive form to a more sluggish one.

All agents used during treatment are classified into three large groups.

As a rule, funds are allocated whose negative effects are aimed at destroying the so-called targets. These may be anti-HER2 drugs or antiestrogens.

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In addition, there are medications that improve the environment in which a malignant tumor forms. For example, antiangiogenic medications may be used.

The third category includes drugs that help suppress signaling within atypical cellular structures. It is worth noting right away that many target agents are still at the research stage.

The creation of all medications is aimed at maximally suppressing the mutation of DNA cells, as well as stopping the process of formation of new seals.

Thanks to the action of such agents, further tumor growth is blocked, which prevents the enlargement of the lesion and the spread of metastases.

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The choice of drug use is based on the degree of complexity of the pathology, the individual characteristics of the female body and other components.

The main task of targeted agents is aimed at controlling genes that can provoke the proliferation of cancer cell structures, apoptosis and destruction of atypical cells, blocking the production of hormones that promote tumor formation, and blocking access to healthy anatomical structures in order to prevent the development of new tumors.

Anti-HER2 therapy

To decipher, a term such as type 2 receptor for the epidermal growth factor molecule is used. Its main feature is its recognition of multiple signals that can come from molecules that activate growth.

With the appearance of a large number of such receptors, the survival prognosis significantly worsens and in most cases frequent relapses of the pathological process occur. To prevent this from happening, standard treatment methods alone are not enough. This type of blocker is used for this purpose.

Pertuzumab

Refers to new drugs whose action is aimed at blocking several signals at once that can pass through receptors.

Thanks to research, it has been proven that this remedy is advisable to use in case of negative results from other medications, in particular Herceptin. However, to achieve maximum effect, simultaneous administration of these two drugs is recommended.

It is also worth noting that it is well tolerated by patients and has no toxic effects on the cardiac system.

Herceptin

To date, the mechanism of its action has not been fully studied. However, there is an assumption that the death of cancer cells occurs according to the principle of the action of antibodies.

The effectiveness of Herceptin is also observed in metastatic cancer, as well as in the presence of a large number of HER2 receptors. The best results from the use of such a drug are observed in people who have not previously undergone any therapeutic measures (35%). A positive effect in women undergoing chemotherapy is observed in only 15 percent of cases.

The use of the product shows good results both when used independently and in combination with other medications.

In addition, the effectiveness of Herceptin is observed in HER2-positive cancer, regardless of the stage of its development, as well as before radiotherapy or surgery, which allows reducing the amount of surgical work performed.

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It is a monoclonal antibody. Thanks to attachment to the growth protein, the spread of malignant cellular structures in which an excess amount of this substance is present is slowed down.

Depending on the severity of the cancer, this drug can be used once every seven days or in a higher dosage - every 21 days. The drug enters the body through intravenous administration.

Often this drug is prescribed after surgery to remove a breast tumor, which helps prevent the recurrence of the pathology.

Ado-trastuzumab emtansine

Belongs to the group of antibody-drug conjugates, which include monoclonal antibodies contained in the chemotherapy drug DM-1 and Herceptin. The drug is delivered directly to the tumor cells.

Read also: Mirax Indinol dietary supplement - negative reviews. Neutral. Positive. + Leave a review Negative reviews Maria Tried to overcome HPV 16, 18 with Indinol. I drank for almost six months, was observed by a doctor, but each time the tests did not show a decrease in the viral load, so in the end I quit. Draw your own conclusions.. Lesya Malek https://irecommend.ru/content/dengi-na-veter-823 On the recommendation of a gynecologist, I took this drug indinol for 3 months. 2 capsules 2 times a day for HPV16. And the amount of this HPV not only did not disappear, but increased by 2 times. It seems that they also treat mastopathy. In my case, I had no luck even with this. Mastopathy also appeared. Pain in the right hypochondrium. I don't know who he ever helped. But I don’t recommend drinking it. Before this, the doctor prescribed Groprinosin, but it really helped. True, you need to drink it 4 times a day, but about it in the next review. Araucaria https://irecommend.ru/content/kraine-somnitelnyi-rezultat Good afternoon. I would like to tell you about my acquaintance with the drug indinol-forte. It was prescribed to me by a mammologist-oncologist after an ultrasound revealed a complex cyst and a femme. The doctor said that it (the drug) helps well with fibrocystic mastopathy, reduces the unpleasant symptoms of pain in the breasts before menstruation and is generally good for preventing cancer. I conscientiously took it for 4 months, as written - morning and evening, and decided to look at the ultrasound, maybe some positive dynamics. And the dynamics turned out to be clearly negative!!! New complex cysts appeared, and within 4 months a fibroadenoma of 8 mm in size appeared in one breast (this is in 4 months!), and the ducts in both breasts expanded. The doctor is the same, he looks very carefully. The mammologist denies that this is due to taking indinol forte, but I haven’t changed anything in my life during this time, except for taking this drug. I stopped drinking it. On the plus side, the pain in the chest actually became less painful after 1 month of use. in the photo - all that is left of my indinol fedotova48 http://otzovik.com/review_177579.html Advantages: not found; Disadvantages: Waste of money 90% of women face a problem such as mastopathy. So I, at 33 years old, experienced for myself what fibrocystic mastopathy is (more precisely, nodular mastopathy, which is most often detected in the upper part of the mammary gland). I discovered it (a knot the size of a large bean) by accident. This was in the premenstrual period. On the 6-7th day of the cycle, everything went away: there was no nodule, no lumps or unpleasant sensations. In the next cycle, the same thing was repeated. I contacted my gynecologist, who referred me for an ultrasound and an oncologist. I had an ultrasound and went to see an oncologist and mammologist. Details: I won’t describe it. I will say one thing, the oncologist prescribed me the dietary supplement “Indinol”, 2 tablets once a day for 3 months. I have always been cautious about dietary supplements and have never taken them. After consulting with another specialist, I decided to try the dietary supplement “Indinol” (a non-hormonal drug). Moreover, the instructions say that this dietary supplement eliminates almost all diseases, including cancer. The price of the drug for 60 capsules is 1350 rubles. (the pleasure is not cheap). I honestly took the dietary supplement “Indinol” for all 3 months. The result was ZERO. Everything is as it was and is. I didn't notice any changes. Once again I was convinced from my own experience that dietary supplements are NOT drugs that have not been fully researched. It’s good that they are useless, but what if there is a side (negative) result? No one knows how they fully affect a woman’s body. If you have problems with fibrocystic mastopathy and are recommended the dietary supplement "Indinol", do not waste your money. Believe me, it's been verified. A dietary supplement (dietary supplement) is not a medicine. mrTako https://otzovik.com/review_755996.html Advantages: Didn’t observe Disadvantages: Stomach pain, rash I started having female problems, the doctor prescribed the dietary supplement Indinol. It's not cheap, but I bought it. Details: I don’t want to describe the problems, I’ll just say about the side effects. Maybe someone else has encountered this too. My stomach hurts terribly after taking it, about 40 minutes later. It’s true that almost all dietary supplements have this effect. Just recently I took the dietary supplement VIS “AD-Norma”, I also experienced discomfort in the intestines, I didn’t even finish almost half the jar. While I could still endure the pain in my stomach, on the third day the rash that appeared was difficult to cope with. The body itches and the skin in these places peels off. I went to the doctor again, he said that I was allergic to some substance. Previously, there was never an allergy to medications. It’s not cheap, it’s a shame to throw it away, maybe it’s just a period of adaptation for the body, and it will pass after some time. In general, I don’t know what to do, and I don’t understand whether he helped me with my problem or not. I stopped taking it for now. Neutral reviews Olesya Anishchenko http://flap.rf/Medicine/INDINOL/Reviews/7337390 Once upon a time the trees were big. I just want to start my review with these words, because the drug “Indinol” really brings back memories of my carefree youth. Well, you know - you just graduated from college, fell in love... And then the doctor I contacted about the selection of contraceptives says that I have the human papillomavirus (by the way, I have positive HPV type 31), which is absolutely necessary treat. And treat with Indinol. It wasn’t particularly on sale at that time (2008), the doctor gave information to “her” pharmacy where you can order “Indinol”. The course of treatment at that time cost me almost 4,000 rubles in monetary terms (with my then salary being 9 rubles). Only when I bought the pills did I realize that Indinol is not a medicine, but a dietary supplement. Yes, the dietary supplement is of high quality, with positive reviews, and is successfully used both for the prevention of cystic fibrous mastopathy and for HPV. Only “Indinol” is more concerned with prevention; it will treat only in combination with real medicines. I didn’t know this then. Now I understand that HPV is not so scary. These are not only incomprehensible neoplasms, but also warts and moles. They cannot be cured; they can only be put to sleep. This is why you can drink Indinol - but as a very expensive prophylactic. Larisa http://razuznai.ru/indinol.html Six months ago I took Indinol, there were a lot of doubts because the drug is not cheap. It helped me a lot. Thanks LeNoChkA2017 https://irecommend.ru/content/moikh-nadezhd-ne-opravdal-2 I have one nasty disease: highly oncogenic HPV type 39. I have been treating papillomavirus for a long time, about 7 years. But not a single drug gives the result I dream of. But I’ve already tried quite a few things, and indinol is still far from the most expensive remedy. The doctor advised me to take it for 6 months, 2 pieces each. 2 times a day. In combination with Panavir injections. Of course, I still have hope for a cure, especially since my husband had type 16 and his test has been negative for more than 4 years. And this became an example for me that HPV can be defeated. No, apparently this is not about me again, my HPV remained positive, but its quantitative ratio, of course, became 3 times less. I think the result is not bad, but I dreamed of something else. Perhaps I just haven’t completed my treatment and just want to repeat the course after a couple of months. If anything changes, be sure to edit the review, but for now HPV has been detected. Milena12s https://otzovik.com/review_885990.html Advantages: Effective, safe, easy to use Disadvantages: High price, long period of use Almost all women are familiar with discomfort in the chest associated with a certain period of the cycle. For a long time I considered this to be completely normal and not requiring treatment. Therefore, I didn’t see much point in visiting a doctor like a mammologist. Moreover, not every clinic has it. But when, in addition to the painful sensations, discharge from one breast was added, I became worried. To my shame, I admit that I didn’t go right away. But only when the discharge became almost constant (almost every day I found a small yellowish spot on my bra). It turned out that I had a lot of problems with my breasts ((The biggest and requiring a quick solution was intraductal papilloma (it was what caused discharge from the breasts and some pain). I was sent for mastography, ductography (the same mastography, only with preliminary injection contrast agent into the milk ducts). During these medical procedures, they also discovered three small fibroadenomas that did not yet require removal. I had to remove the infected milk duct, it turned out to be benign. Although the virus itself, as I understand it, remains in the body for life ( (As part of postoperative rehabilitation and to prevent further occurrence of fibroadenomas, the mammologist prescribed me a complex treatment, the basis of which were Indinol capsules. Capsules are sold in packages of 60 and 120 pieces. Since I had to take 2 pieces of them twice a day for two months, then I bought large packages of 120 capsules: The difference in the cost of one capsule turns out to be a little less - for a package of 120 pieces I paid 1800 rubles, and a package with half as many capsules - 60 - costs more than 1 thousand. Indinol capsules are a dietary supplement, the main component of which is cruciferous plant extract: The fact that cabbage is good for the breast has been known for a long time and I think everyone. My grandmother told me about this when I was a child)) But here’s why women need it, it is written in clever words in the instructions for Indinol and recommendations for use: My case is the first and third points, so there was no doubt about the need for the drug. But I had to rack my brains with the dosage, I even had to call the mammologist to find out if she made a mistake or if I bought the right capsules. The instructions say that you take one capsule at a time for 2-3 weeks: I was prescribed 4 capsules (two twice a day) for two months. The doctor explained that my case is complex, so I need to take a larger dose and for much longer. The manufacturer is also indicated in the instructions: I was pleased that the drug was Russian. The Indinol capsules themselves are small, standard size: approximately the same as such well-known drugs like Linex or Fenyuls, which I take to normalize iron levels. In addition to Indinol (base), the course included: - Wobenzym tablets (to enhance the effect, take 50 days), - Cyclodinone drops (to relieve premenstrual syndrome, take 30 days), - Mastophyton tea (to reduce chest pain, take 30 days) . And what was I supposed to get as a result and what did I get? To the first part of the question, the mammologist’s answer was: “You should stop feeling your breasts, that is, there should not be any unpleasant sensations associated with them, regardless of the day of the cycle.” Regarding fibroadenomas, modern official Russian medicine has only one opinion - “Remove!” But many people know that despite the official impossibility of treatment, fibroadenomas still resolve. In addition, simply removing the problem cannot solve the problem - many women who had fibroadenomas removed were faced with the fact that after some time new ones appeared in their place. Because fibroadenoma is a symptom, not a cause. The disease must be treated, but the symptoms can be fought endlessly. “Now we need to eliminate the cause of their appearance and prevent the growth of existing ones - normalize the balance of estrogen. And if we’re lucky, some of them will disappear” - this is the parting word I received from the doctor. I finished taking the medications prescribed to me before the New Year. After waiting for the right day of the cycle (so that the ultrasound would be the most informative), I went to the mammologist. She conducted an examination (and she already looked quite pleased) and sent me to do an ultrasound. And, lo and behold, two fibroadenomas simply disappeared!!! The size of the remaining one does not yet require its removal, it has not grown! The discomfort in the chest has decreased significantly. I won’t say that they disappeared completely (especially since this is also partly the consequence of the removal of the duct). The mammologist suggested continuing treatment. Already with other drugs. Including the improved Indinol - Indinol Forto, which is not a dietary supplement, but a medicine. With all the papers confirming the therapeutic effect. And which practically didn’t help me. Now I am taking a second course of Indinol, for prevention - one capsule a day. I hope that in the end I will still get the desired result. I definitely recommend Indinol capsules. Yes, they are expensive. Yes, this is a dietary supplement (and many are wary of such drugs). But for me they turned out to be more effective than Indinol Forto, which is produced by the same company, but is considered a medicinal product rather than a dietary supplement. Think about it, because removing fibroadenomas is unlikely to be cheaper or healthier for the body. So if you are faced with a similar problem, then do not ignore the doctor’s advice, try treatment. You'll have time to see the surgeon... Lala https://med-otzyv.ru/lekarstva/151-i/35391-indinol/vse-otzyvy Indinol is an effective treatment, but it is also a little expensive. But I personally am of the opinion that NO money is spared in order to save life and childbearing. I was treated so that there would be no virus. And after that I became pregnant almost immediately, the doctor gave the go-ahead, my husband and I decided to go ahead. During pregnancy, I had good tests all the time, and the baby was born healthy. Positive reviews from Lemiracle http://zhivizdorovim.ru/lekarstva/vitamini-bad/177-indinol.html I treated enometriosis in the active phase. I got off with a slight fright, one might say. Two courses of indinol and epigallate stopped this process and returned my women's health. Now I’m planning a pregnancy and I’m sure that everything will work out. Vasilina http://zhivizdorovim.ru/lekarstva/vitamini-bad/177-indinol.html It was prescribed to me for mastopathy. I was satisfied. No side effects, no hormones and at an affordable price. Just what you need. Vally121 http://zhivizdorovim.ru/lekarstva/vitamini-bad/177-indinol.html After a medical abortion, the doctor recommended this remedy to avoid unwanted complications. I took the course all at once and had no health problems. I also read that it helps well with mastopathy. Alena Solnechnaya http://flap.rf/Medicine/INDINOL/Reviews/7757091 Since my health can only be desired. Cysts on both the ovaries and tubes. There was also a fibroid, which developed at a high rate, a second stage tumor. There is simply no money for the operation. Doctors in a regular clinic don’t even want to talk or treat. The only thing they say is to save money for the operation. This is how I live, I don’t go outside in the heat. Attack on attack. Pain every day for 3 years. And like it or not, you have to somehow get out of it yourself. Before indinol, I started buying one medicine from China, which remarkably helped me fight my disease. My hair began to fall out less. But there was a catastrophic lack of money for it. Then I switched to indinol, dietary supplements are not cheap, but at least there is an opportunity to purchase them. I don’t take it together with other medications, because it also comes down to finances. I take two capsules twice a day. My nails even started to grow. I started going outside. Not for long, but I can afford it. It's a pity that the teeth can't be returned. And I’m not saving up much for an appointment with a paid doctor, I hope they will advise the right treatment and not turn their backs on me. And so indinol helps me continue to live and endure the inconveniences of my ill health. Anonymous http://vidguk.ukr/ru/bad_mirax_indinol-r299517.html I am grateful to the one who created this drug. I have never taken dietary supplements, I came to it out of despair and completely by accident. I'll tell you in order. Since adolescence, I have suffered from hormonal imbalances; at the age of 19, a cyst was discovered on the ovary and fibrocystic mastopathy was diagnosed in my breast. We started visiting doctors, taking hormones, and selecting hormones. Hormonal medications not only did not help with the cyst, but also aggravated mastopathy, and even microdosed ones caused chest pain and the growth of a lump in the breast. If before taking it the lump was the size of a hazelnut, then after the hormonal hormones the lump became the size of a walnut. The mammologist forbade taking hormones and prescribed Mamoliptin, Mastopatin, Bromcamphor, ointments for the chest, but all this was useless. He decided to operate, but the operation would not solve the problem, it would simply remove the consequences of the problem, because the hormones were “dancing” and a lump the size of a seed could already be felt in the other breast. I was in despair, everyone advised me to give birth, but at that time I had no intention of having children. By chance I came across an advertisement in the newspaper for Indinol, a new non-hormonal drug, but at the same time antitumor and restoring hormonal imbalance. I bought it, it turned out to be expensive 296 hryvnia, I drank 1 pack and decided if there was any improvement I would take the full course. Improvements began almost immediately: the pain in the chest became less, and so did the lump! The mammologist was surprised that the lump in the breast decreased by 2 times and became softer. Canceled the operation. Soon I gave birth to a child and the lump went away completely. I would like to add that doctors did not know about this then, but now many mammologists even advise it. It will also help to recover after an abortion or miscarriage, after childbirth (although pregnant and lactating women should not take it). The product is expensive, but the product is good. Now an analogue of Stella has already been released, but I have not tried it; the pharmacy said that Stella is produced by the same company. Irina http://razuznai.ru/indinol.html I took 2 courses for endometriosis, it helped me! Yana https://www.medcentre24.ru/indinol.html They prescribed me Indinol for endometriosis, it helped very well. Indinol is a Vitalanovsky dietary supplement - one of the best. Now I have discovered mastopathy. The doctor also prescribed this Indinol. I will definitely drink it. I read reviews about it, 5050. But I really like it, even though it is an expensive drug. The good news is that it does not cause side effects and is made from broccoli. Glow189 https://www.babyblog.ru/community/post/conception/3095267 Very good drug. Cysts in the breast went away. But then I started ordering indole from the American iHerb website. It worked out much cheaper there and also helped. Now, however, I don’t know how much cheaper it will be, the dollar exchange rate... But at the beginning of 2014 it was about 500 rubles for a month Elena https://www.babyblog.ru/community/post/conception/3095267 My little sister has been drinking for three months already. It helps her a lot. The discharge has passed and my chest no longer hurts. But you must take it for half a year. ula1981 https://irecommend.ru/content/pomogaet-pri-viruse-papillomy I started taking the drug Indinol when I was diagnosed with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The gynecologist immediately prescribed me treatment, because when this virus is detected in smears, there is a high probability of getting cervical cancer (nowadays even girls are vaccinated against cervical cancer to protect themselves from this HPV). I started taking the drug Indinol, one capsule once a day. You need to take Indinol for at least a month. I took this drug for two months on the recommendation of the gynecologist, and then re-tested the smears for HPV. And high oncogenic risk HPV was not detected in the smears. My treatment with Indinol was successful. And I tolerated it well, I didn’t have any side reactions. I recommend. Magnolia_daisy https://irecommend.ru/content/mne-pomog-kogda-ya-uzhe-ne-nadeyalas-na-chudo Hello. I'll tell you my story. At the age of 19, I went to the gynecologist for the first time and was diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV). Everything would have been fine, but it turned out to have a high carcinogenic risk. The doctor scared me with everything possible and my circles of hell began. I was also diagnosed with erosion, which (the doctor said) definitely needs to be cauterized. In general, I went to the gynecologist almost every day, first I cauterized the erosion, then something didn’t heal, I had to cauterize it several more times using a more painful method (surgitron) than cauterizing the erosion with liquid nitrogen or radio waves. But this is nothing compared to what they started prescribing me to drink for this HPV. First, I was prescribed to drink isoprinosine in some crazy doses, from which my kidneys began to hurt, to insert Genferon suppositories, then there were suppositories and injections of Viferon, Allokin alpha, Genferon, Cycloferon, etc. I don’t remember the names of many now. This went on for about a year. I drank, drank, drank these medicines, giving a lot of money, almost my entire salary (10-15 thousand a month) on these medicines, and the tests kept showing that this virus was in the blood. There was constant inflammation in the smear, I had a biopsy, and in general it was a quiet horror. Then I was advised to go to an immunologist. I went to a very good male doctor, he works at Polyclinic No. 3 under the Presidential Administration. (on Grokholsky Lane) The name of the doctor is Dyshkovets Andrey Anatolyevich. A very competent specialist. I went to him, he told me that I needed to do not a qualitative analysis for HPV, but a quantitative one, because qualitative shows only the presence, but does not show what happens to the virus itself, in what quantity it is. First, I took tests at Hemotest. The analysis showed some crazy result in quantity, several million times more than the reference value!!!! With this analysis, I rushed to this immunologist, almost in tears. He scolded me, saying that Gemotest had brought him the wrong kind of tests and sent me to the CMD clinic for analysis. (Center for Molecular Diagnostics). Now I only get my tests done there. In general, I took this test and it showed the amount of this HPV. There are several of these values at which this virus should be treated or not. Those. if there is little of it in the blood, then there is no need to treat it, the body can handle it itself, but if the amount is large, then it needs to be treated. Unfortunately, my score was high and I needed to treat it. The doctor advised me to take Indinol. This was my last hope, I don’t know why, but I always had a positive attitude towards such natural drugs, I believed in them. So, I started drinking it and a month later I took the test again. You won’t believe it, just like I didn’t believe it, but he showed me 0. That I don’t have this virus. Of course, I didn’t believe it, I did the analysis again and again. And the result is 0. Now I am already 23 years old and during this time I take this test every six months for my peace of mind. And so far (pah-pah-pah) it is zero. Of course, I cannot say whether this drug helped me or whether I just really asked God to save me from this disease, went to church, confessed, asked a lot and it helped me, for which I am eternally grateful. I hope my review helps you. I wish you health and always believe in victory over any disease!!! La1991 https://irecommend.ru/content/spasenie-ot-vpch-odnoznachno-rekommenduyu Girls, this is my first review. I read reviews here all the time, but I’ve never written one. I promised myself that if Indinol helped, I would definitely unsubscribe. It was also thanks to this site that I decided to undergo expensive treatment. I will write a little history, and to the point. At the age of 19, I was first diagnosed with HPV type 16 (highly oncogenic). In addition, I am a “happy” owner of cervical erosion. Therefore, at 19, when I heard the words “increased risk of cervical cancer,” I became hysterical. Then the red tape started for doctors. The offers were very different, from vaccinations (3 injections costing 18 thousand) against HPV (it’s unclear why, because I’m already infected) and this is in the non-profit city KozhVen, and to “forget about this matter, it will go away on its own.” Essentially, over these 5 years, I was treated with Viferon-Genferon, isoprinosine, some injections with vitamins (I don’t remember), constant courses of AEVit, and all to no avail. In addition, at the age of 22, this was accompanied by visual manifestations - papillomas on the genitals. Exacerbation in spring, autumn, you can’t shave - their number increases, constant cauterization with liquid nitrogen. And again unsuccessful treatments. Tests are constantly positive for HPV 16. And then I came across Indinol. I read the reviews and decided to get treatment. The course is very expensive, it cost around 12 thousand. I took 2 capsules 2 times a day. The course is six months. As a result, the first thing I noticed was the absence of papillomas in the spring. They didn’t appear again, hurray))) The enthusiasm increased. There were no side effects, the course was easy. The hardest thing is to remember to drink. After drinking for six months, I counted down the month and went to get tested. Yesterday I received them - and I couldn’t believe my eyes - purely)))))) It’s like a happy dream! 5 years of fighting this disease, and in the end Indinol and I won) I definitely recommend and advise! 12 thousand for a restful sleep without daily fear and papillomas - it’s inexpensive! After the course, I decided to eat more broccoli (indinol is made from it, the substance contains indole-3-carbinol). And I was surprised that a kg of fresh broccoli costs around 300 rubles, almost like meat. Therefore, perhaps the high cost is justified. For clarity, here are the test results

The drug is used to detect common breast cancer. Typically, injections are given every 21 days. Side effects may include muscle pain, bouts of nausea, increased fatigue, decreased platelet concentrations in the blood, bowel problems such as constipation and headaches.

The development of more serious manifestations, such as allergies, problems with the heart, lungs and liver, cannot be ruled out.

Lapatinib

Its action also targets growth proteins. It is used for advanced HER2-positive breast cancer, when a positive result has not been achieved with Trastuzumab or chemotherapy.

Available in tablet form, it can be combined with Letrozole and Xeloda.

To achieve maximum effectiveness, it is recommended to use it concomitantly with Trastuzumab.

Antiangiogenic targeted therapy

In most cases, Bevacizumab is used, which is a monoclonal antibody. After 6 months of its use, a decrease in the density of blood vessels in the malignant formation is noted.

However, after withdrawal, repeated neoangiogenesis increases. Based on these results, many experts have come to the conclusion that treatment with this medication should be long-term.

Anti-PARP drugs

One of the most common medications is Iniparib. Despite the fact that it is still undergoing clinical trials, it has been noted that as a result of its use, there is a decrease in the rate of progression of high-grade tumors and an increase in the life expectancy of patients.

Targeted therapy for colorectal cancer

For colorectal cancer, three groups of targeted drugs are used:

Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that is produced by cancer cells and stimulates angiogenesis: ramucirumab, bevacizumab.
Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors, which are located on the surface of cancer cells and, being in an active state, cause them to multiply: panitumumab, cetuximab.
Inhibitors of kinase, a protein enzyme that performs various functions, including stimulating cell growth: regorafenib.

Indications

Targeted therapy for breast cancer is used in the following cases:

last stage of cancer;
extremely serious condition of the patient;
impossibility of surgical intervention;
high risk of complications after surgery;
the likelihood of metastases spreading .

In addition, treatment with targeted drugs is prescribed in situations where there is rapid proliferation of atypical cellular structures.

The essence of the technique

By the 1990s, scientists had discovered and studied most of the key mechanisms regulating the division and survival of cancer cells. It became known that on their surface there are special receptors, the signal from which “turns on” specific enzymes and chemicals, and thus the carcinoma constantly grows, bypasses the immune defense and can metastasize.

There are no similar structures in healthy cells. That is, if you organize “targeted delivery” specifically to tumor components, you can stop the progression of carcinoma. This is precisely the essence of targeted therapy (“target” translated from English means “target”).

This type of treatment for breast cancer is a special subtype of drug therapy, and can be used both with and without drugs for “classical” chemotherapy. Targeted therapy does not involve avoiding radiation therapy or surgery.

Most targeted treatments do not kill breast carcinoma cells. They suppress the mechanisms by which:

or a command is given to divide them;
or their differentiation was previously blocked, which is why the tumor was less differentiated, that is, more rapidly dividing and malignant.

Pros of therapy

Among the main advantages of this type of treatment, the most important point is that it can be used not only at the initial stages of the formation of a malignant neoplasm, but also during the process of metastasis. In addition, targeted therapy is possible if chemotherapy is contraindicated.

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Positive aspects also include minimal side effects, good tolerance by patients, reduced risks of tumor spread to the second mammary gland and re-development of the disease, and increased life expectancy of patients.

It is also worth noting that with this approach there is no need to adjust the hemoglobin concentration in the body.

Feedback from a patient at the European Clinic about targeted therapy

I found a clinic based on the principle of using targeted therapy. I searched carefully and found out that the European clinic has the most experience in using it to treat melanoma. I was admitted very quickly, the diagnosis was confirmed and, based on histological examination, I was prescribed dabrafenib, since I have a braf mutation. I'm currently taking my second course. There are side effects, but not the same as with conventional chemotherapy. Judging by the dynamics, everything is fine, and a good outcome can be expected. I trust Dr. Pylev completely. I consider myself very lucky with the clinic and doctors.

Preparations and their brief characteristics

For malignant neoplasms of this localization, targeted drugs such as Tamoxifen and a group of antiestrogens were the first to be used. Clinical studies of these medications have proven that their hormone-like structure is optimally suited for migration into the tumor core. Among antiestrogens, preference is given to Toremifene and Fulvistrant. Another group that has proven itself in the fight against breast cancer are inhibitors of aromatase enzymes synthesized by the female genital organs. The “gold standard” of modern oncology is the drug Herceptin. It has a protein nature and is capable of reducing the resistance of tumor cells to other medications, imposing on them a kind of immunodeficiency. Another drug, Pertuzumab, which by its chemical nature belongs to monoclonal antibodies, perfectly supports the work of Herceptin.

How is Herceptin used and what are its side effects?

Herceptin is intended for intravenous administration. It is used either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. At the very beginning of treatment, side effects such as fever and chills usually occur.
Other potential side effects include weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, breathing problems and skin rash. After the first treatment session, the intensity of side effects gradually decreases. In rare cases, Herceptin also causes problems with the heart muscle, heart failure, and severe breathing problems. Before and during treatment, doctors must check the condition of the patient’s heart and lungs.

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