What antibiotics can be taken for bronchitis in adults and children?

How do antibiotics work?

Antibacterial agents are substances that have the ability to inhibit the growth and activity of microorganisms. Given the wide variety of these drugs, they are usually classified according to the mechanism of action on microbes:

1. Bactericidal. They have the ability to cause the death of microbial cells. The effect in most cases is due to the damaging effect on its walls.
2. Bacteriostatic. The group stops the processes of growth and reproduction of bacteria, and protective blood cells independently destroy the remaining microbes.

For the treatment of most types of bronchitis, drugs with a bacteriostatic effect are sufficient. For patients with weakened immune systems or with severe complications, bactericidal groups are chosen.

This classification is very conditional. There are antibiotics that exhibit a bactericidal effect against some pathogens, while for others the same drug will have a bacteriostatic effect. In addition, these properties are affected by the concentration of the antibiotic in the tissues and the ability of microbes to reproduce rapidly.

In medical practice, antibacterial agents are divided into groups, taking into account their chemical structure (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, etc.). Also, for the treatment of bronchial inflammation, drugs with antibacterial properties, but not antibiotics in the literal sense of the word, can be used, for example, fluoroquinolones.

When should an antibiotic be used for bronchitis in adults (in tablets, injections, etc.)?

According to doctors, inflammation of the bronchial mucosa is not always treated with antibacterial agents. Usually, in the first days of illness, specialists refrain from prescribing such medications. However, there are also cases when antibiotics are simply necessary. For example:

• if the patient has a bacterial infection and his body cannot cope with it for two weeks;
• if chronic bronchitis is protracted and often relapses, as a result of which a person’s immunity is greatly reduced;
• if bronchitis is accompanied by weakness, shortness of breath, breathing problems and high, difficult-to-control temperature (for several days);
• if the patient has symptoms of intoxication, and test results reveal an increase in ESR;
• with the patient's advanced age, as well as a high risk of complications.

Which antibiotic is best for adults to take for bronchitis should only be decided by a doctor after a thorough examination and diagnosis. It should be remembered that self-medication of such a disease is fraught with serious complications and even death.

Indications for antibiotic therapy

This group of drugs does not show any effect on viruses, so it makes no sense to prescribe them to patients with this etiology of the disease. They will not be able to help with inflammation of the bronchi caused by allergies or inhalation of toxic gases.

In what situations are antibacterial agents prescribed:

1. Exacerbation of chronic forms.
2. Complicated types of inflammation.
3. Acute bronchitis caused by bacterial microflora.

The following symptoms indirectly indicate this nature: febrile temperature, cough with purulent sputum, changes in the general blood test (increased number of leukocytes and band neutrophils, increase in ESR), duration of the disease for more than a week.

An antibiotic is included in the treatment regimen for viral bronchitis on the 4-5th day. During this time, a secondary bacterial infection usually occurs. The medicine will act specifically on it, protecting the patient from the possible consequences of the disease.

Natural antibiotics and auxiliaries

Of course, plants with antibiotic properties will never be able to completely replace pharmaceutical drugs, but they also should not be discounted. These are faithful helpers in curing bronchitis. At the same time, they do not destroy the intestinal microflora and do not cause dysbiosis.

One of the most powerful naturally occurring antibiotics is garlic. It destroys 23 types of bacteria. The onion competes with it in its healing abilities. The vegetable not only stops the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, but also cleanses the respiratory tract. Black radish has a destructive effect on bacterial cells. The juice of this root vegetable helps strengthen the immune system. Pomegranate and raspberry have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Don’t forget about such a unique “antibiotic” as honey. And to get rid of a cough, you should drink ½ glass of milk with sage (for 1 tbsp milk, 1 tbsp herb).

In addition to antibiotics, therapy includes expectorants, mucolytics, antiviral drugs, aerosol inhalations, and antipyretics. The patient requires semi-bed rest and plenty of fluids.

With the right approach to treatment, such a disease can be defeated in 2 weeks. But this does not mean at all that antibiotics must be prescribed for bronchitis in adults. The names of the drugs will never help you in choosing the right antibacterial agent. Don't even try to guess which medicine will be most effective for you. Only a specialist knows this.

How to choose a drug

The doctor selects an antibacterial agent for acute bronchitis empirically (in an experimental way). It has been statistically established that the most common cause of respiratory tract infections are the following types of bacteria: staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, streptococci, pneumococci, moraxella. Antibiotics for inflammation in the bronchi are selected from a wide spectrum so that they work against most potential pathogens.

If atypical forms are suspected, which are accompanied by multiple organ failure, the treatment regimen includes drugs that act on intracellular pathogens (mycoplasma, chlamydia).

In patients with chronic inflammation, it is recommended to culture sputum for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics. The results of this analysis help the specialist clarify the resistance of microbes and choose an effective medicine.

In acute forms, sowing is pointless. The result will be ready only after 8-9 days, and during this time it is already possible to cope with the disease with the help of a general-purpose drug.

Reasons for the development of bronchitis

Bronchitis is one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, which affects all age groups of the population. Bronchitis can be of either infectious or non-infectious etiology. The causative agents of the disease can be viruses, bacteria, microscopic fungi. Also, inflammation of the bronchial mucosa can develop due to inhalation of chemical vapors or cigarette smoke during active or passive smoking. Acute bronchitis often occurs against the background of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Chronic bronchitis, as a rule, is a consequence of improper treatment of the acute form.

Before prescribing antibiotics, it is necessary to verify the bacterial nature of bronchitis.

During pregnancy, bronchitis also often develops, which is associated with weakened immunity during this period.

Classes of antibacterial agents for bronchial inflammation

Taking into account the data on possible pathogens, the following groups are used for treatment: penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. Carbapenems can be prescribed as reserve drugs.

Penicillin series

They belong to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics. They exhibit predominantly bactericidal properties by disrupting the synthesis of the microbial cell wall. In order to overcome the acquired resistance of some bacilli to these drugs, protected penicillins (combination with clavulanic acid) were developed.

The first penicillins were of natural origin, they were produced by a certain type of fungus. Such agents had a limited spectrum of activity. Subsequently, semi-synthetic drugs were synthesized, the area of ​​​​impact of which is much wider.

The penicillin group is considered relatively safe for humans. In rare cases, severe side effects develop, such as laryngeal swelling or anaphylactic shock.

Cephalosporins

This group also belongs to β-lactam antibiotics, like the previous series. A special feature is its high resistance to microbes that produce β-lactamases (enzymes that destroy drugs).

Cephalosporins exhibit a bactericidal effect. In this case, the wall of cells that are at the stage of reproduction is destroyed. The death of the bacterium occurs, its autolysis (self-dissolution) with the help of special enzymes.

Depending on the structure and spectrum of activity, 5 generations are distinguished among cephalosporins. In addition, there is a classification depending on the method of administering the drug into the body: parenterally (intramuscularly) or orally (by mouth).

Given the commonality of the chemical structure, patients allergic to penicillins may experience a hypersensitivity reaction to cephalosporins in 10-20% of cases.

Macrolides

They are considered relatively safe and least toxic antibiotics. They are well tolerated by patients, and possible allergic reactions are recorded very rarely. They exhibit a mainly bacteriostatic effect. Active against most bacteria that cause bronchitis. A special feature is the pronounced effect on intracellular pathogens: chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc.

The group has no cross-sensitivity with penicillins, so they are prescribed to patients with a history of allergic reactions to β-lactam antibiotics. Drugs of this class create high concentrations in areas of inflammation, so they can be prescribed once a day.

Separately, it is worth mentioning fluoroquinolones, which have a pronounced antibacterial effect, but are not antibiotics. These drugs are obtained synthetically, and the antibiotic must have a natural analogue. For the treatment of bronchitis, the third generation of fluoroquinolones (respiratory) is used. They are highly active against microbes and can be prescribed as monotherapy for respiratory diseases (tracheitis, pneumonia, laryngitis, etc.).

What remedies should I take?

In order for the doctor to be able to choose the most effective drug for the treatment of bronchitis, it is necessary to do tests for the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to the active substances of the drugs, but if the patient’s condition is severe and rapidly worsens, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

What antibiotics are used for bronchitis:

1. Macrolides are the drugs of choice for bronchitis. They interfere with the synthesis of protein, which is necessary for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and are considered the best and safest medicines for bronchitis and sinusitis, pneumonia. But since these medications do not destroy bacteria, but only prevent them from multiplying, they will have to be taken for a long time.
2. Aminopenicillins - destroy the cell walls of pathogenic microorganisms. These medications are prescribed for infectious pathologies of the respiratory system. Antibiotics have low toxicity, side effects are rare, and minor allergies may occur.
3. Fluoroquinolones - destroy the DNA of pathogenic bacteria, powerful antimicrobial agents, prescribed for chronic bronchitis, which is accompanied by purulent sputum and shortness of breath. Medicines are highly effective, but they upset the balance of intestinal microflora.
4. Second and third generation cephalosporins have a detrimental effect on the ability of bacteria to grow and reproduce. They are prescribed for obstructive bronchitis and are available in tablets and in the form of injection solutions. Often cause severe allergic reactions.

Important! For treatment to be effective, it is necessary to maintain the duration of the course of medication prescribed by the doctor so that the active substance is constantly present in the blood! You cannot interrupt the course, even if your health has noticeably improved, all signs of the disease have disappeared, untreated bronchitis can develop into pneumonia or become chronic.

Tools Overview

To treat bronchitis, drugs in tablet form are most often used. If the disease is acute and severe, intravenous or intramuscular injections are prescribed.

Names of the best drugs for different forms of bronchitis

Antibiotics in tablets

During antibacterial therapy, it is necessary to refrain from consuming caffeine-containing drinks, alcoholic beverages, milk, fatty and fried foods. Also, sweets and baked goods reduce the therapeutic effect of medications. The diet should include fermented milk products, baked apples and potatoes.

Name of effective drugs:

1. Sumamed, Azithromycin is the best antibiotic from the macrolide group. To get rid of bronchitis, it is enough to take 1 tablet (500 mg) once a day for 3 days. The drug should be taken one hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. The price of Sumamed is 400-470 rubles, Azithromycin costs 110-130 rubles.
2. Amoxicillin is an inexpensive semisynthetic antibiotic from the penicillin group. The dosage regimen is 500 mg once every 8 hours, the duration of therapy is 5-12 days, the tablets must be continued for another 2 days after all the main manifestations of the disease have disappeared.
3. Augmentin (analogue - Amoxiclav) is a semi-synthetic antibacterial and bactericidal agent, belongs to synthetic penicillins, contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, is effective against almost all pathogens of pneumonia, bronchitis and sinusitis. Dosage – 625 mg every 8 hours. The dosage and duration of therapy depends on the severity of the pathology and the general condition of the patient. The average cost is 250-350 rubles.
4. Ofloxacin is a drug from the fluoroquinol group, active against most atypical microorganisms. Used for purulent chronic bronchitis. Tablets should be taken before or during meals. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor based on the patient’s condition, the severity of the disease, and the presence of concomitant diseases. In general, the daily dosage is 200-800 mg, it should be divided into 2 doses, the duration of therapy with Ofloxacin is 7-10 days.
5. Biseptol is an inexpensive antimicrobial agent, but it is not an antibiotic; it is used for various forms of bronchitis. Adults are prescribed 960 mg/day for 1–2 weeks. The drug has a number of contraindications, has been used for a long time, many pathogenic microorganisms have developed immunity to the active substances, so it is included in complex therapy. Price – 35–90 rub.

To avoid the development of dysbiosis during antibiotic treatment, it is necessary to take probiotics. To prevent the occurrence of candidiasis, women are prescribed lactobacilli and vaginal suppositories.

Important! It is recommended to use any antimicrobial remedy for bronchitis and pneumonia no more than once a year!

Antibiotics in injections

Intravenous or intramuscular administration of drugs is rarely used in the treatment of bronchitis, since almost all effective drugs are produced in tablet form. The injections act faster and are considered safer for the digestive tract, so they are prescribed for severe and chronic forms of the disease and for elderly people.

List of effective drugs for injection:

1. Cefazolin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the group of cephalosporins. The daily dose, depending on the severity of the disease, is 1-6 g, injections are given once every 8-12 hours for 7-10 days. Price for 1 bottle – 25-29 rubles.
2. Ceftriaxone is an antimicrobial drug, a third generation cephalosporin, effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Dosage – 1-2 g/day, it is administered once or divided into 2 times. The average duration of treatment is 7-14 days. The cost of 1 bottle is 25-30 rubles.
3. Gentamicin is an antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group. It is prescribed if all other drugs have been ineffective. The daily dose is 3-5 mg/kg, injections are given every 6-12 hours for 7-10 days. Gentamicin is not recommended for use due to ototoxicity (may cause irreversible deafness). Price – 38-49 rub.

Important! Doctors do not recommend self-medication for bronchitis - the wrong choice of drug, increasing the dosage, or early termination of therapy can result in complications, dysbacteriosis, and allergies! Pathogenic microorganisms will no longer respond to the active ingredients of the drugs in the future. Only a doctor should decide which drug is better.

Dosage forms of antibiotics

The following classes of drugs are used for therapy: enteral and parenteral administration. Advantages of the latter forms (administered intramuscularly or intravenously):

1. The maximum concentration in the blood is achieved quickly.
2. High bioavailability.
3. There are no significant side effects from the digestive tract.
4. You can create a drug depot (subcutaneous injection).

Disadvantages of this method:

1. Requires some technical skill for administration.
2. Pain at the injection site.
3. Risk of developing post-injection complications (hematoma, abscess).
4. The patient cannot always accurately calculate the dosage.

Enteral forms of antibiotics come in different forms: tablets, capsules, suspensions, drops, etc. They also have certain advantages:

• convenient for use in pediatric practice (suspensions);
• can be prescribed locally (nebulizer inhalation, aerosols);
• accuracy in dosing;
• technically easy to use.

Of course, these means are not without their drawbacks. They affect the digestive tract, undergo stages of biotransformation in the liver, and maximum concentration is achieved more slowly than with injection. To treat bronchitis with antibiotics in adults, both forms are used depending on the indications.

Antibiotic therapy for acute illness: when and what to take?

Acute bronchitis is usually cured within 10 days. It is most often caused by viruses. Fever, malaise, fatigue and apathy may disappear within a few days, but the cough sometimes continues for several more weeks until the bronchial mucosa is restored. If acute bronchitis is diagnosed, antibiotic treatment in adults is usually not carried out. Symptomatic therapy is sufficient.

However, these drugs become necessary if:

• hyperthermia lasts more than 5 days;
• a blood test showed an increase in leukocytes to 12,000 in 1 μl, ESR over 20 mm/h;
• there was shortness of breath, grunting breathing;
• sputum has acquired a green tint;
• severe weakness is felt.

Hemorrhoids kill the patient in 79% of cases

Then the following antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis in adults in tablets.

• Amoxicillin

Broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Destroys the walls of harmful bacteria. “Adult” dose – 500 mg 3 times. in a day. Not suitable for patients with asthma, allergies, or those who are intolerant to penicillin. Contraindications are liver failure, lymphocytic leukemia, dysbacteriosis and breastfeeding. Possible adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, headache, convulsions.

• Vilprafen Solutab

Included in the group of macrolides, ABSS. Shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. The standard dose is 500 mg three times a day. It is not recommended to use the medicine if there are problems with the liver and hypersensitivity to Josamycin. Undesirable consequences of treatment include rashes, nausea, bitterness in the mouth, and hearing loss.

• Spiramycin

Another representative of macrolides. Acts on streptococci, staphylococci, legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma. Adults should take 3 million IU daily, 2 times a day. The medicine is prohibited for allergies, individual intolerance, liver pathologies, obstruction of the bile ducts. The most severe side effects are angioedema, ulcerative esophagitis, acute hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and colitis.

• Erythromycin

A drug of the macrolide group. Disturbs protein synthesis in pathogenic bacteria. Treatment involves taking 500 mg of medication 4 times a day. per day. It should not be used for the treatment of acute bronchitis if the patient suffers from arrhythmia, renal and liver failure and does not tolerate the components of the drug. During treatment with Erythromycin, unplanned reactions were observed (from the heart - ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter; liver - cholestatic jaundice; pancreas - pancreatitis; gastrointestinal tract - diarrhea, dysbacteriosis, vomiting, abdominal pain; NS - hallucinations, confusion).

Only a doctor knows which antibiotic will help you recover. Considering that these are very serious medications that have an aggressive effect on the body, it is better not to take them without a prescription.

The most effective drugs

There is no such thing as “best medicine.” Each product has its own spectrum of antimicrobial activity and works against certain microbes.

The table shows a list of the most popular medications, dosages and estimated prices.

The course of treatment is determined by the doctor; he selects the drug or changes it in case of ineffectiveness or adverse reactions.

Treatment complementary to antibiotic therapy for bronchitis

Symptomatic treatment for acute bronchitis may include taking antipyretics, antitussives, expectorants, mucolytics and antiallergic drugs.

In some cases, antibiotics from the cephalosporin group are used, which attack the cell wall of bacteria, which leads to their death.

Inhalations with anti-inflammatory and mucolytic agents are effective. A plentiful drinking regime is necessary, this helps in the separation and removal of sputum, and enhances the effect of mucolytics.

In addition, breathing exercises and massage are recommended.

In some cases, warming compresses can have a good effect, but in acute bronchitis and elevated body temperature they are contraindicated, so it is better not to use them without consulting a doctor.

At the initial stage of the disease, bed rest is indicated. The room where a patient with bronchitis is located should be frequently ventilated and the air humidified.

Traditional medicine

Hot drinks with the addition of berries rich in vitamin C, citrus fruits, as well as peppermint tea, linden tea, and a decoction of pine buds are recommended.

Also, for bronchitis, you can use folk remedies that have antiseptic properties: garlic, onion, horseradish root, black radish, pomegranate, raspberries, viburnum, honey, mumiyo, chamomile, calendula, sage.

Here are some popular recipes:

1. Cough medicine made from onions and honey: chop one onion, add honey to the resulting mass in an onion to honey ratio of 3:1. The mixture is taken one tablespoon 3 times a day 20-30 minutes after meals.
2. A remedy made from milk and sage for dry cough due to bronchitis. To prepare it, pour a tablespoon of dry sage herb into a glass of milk and boil for 10 minutes. The product should be cooled, strained, and drunk warm, 0.5 cups before bedtime.
3. A decoction of plantain, coltsfoot, licorice root, and violet, mixed in equal quantities, helps well with bronchitis, after which a tablespoon of the resulting mixture is poured with a glass of boiling water and kept on low heat for 20 minutes. Take 5 tablespoons 5-6 times a day.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, the use of antibiotics is undesirable, however, in cases of severe bronchitis and a high risk of complications, aminopenicillins can be prescribed.

Antibiotics for pregnant women and children

During this period, women are prescribed antibacterial therapy according to strict medical indications. The expected benefit to the mother must outweigh the potential risk to the unborn baby.

First-line drugs are penicillins (Flemoclav) or cephalosporins (Cefuroxime). They are prescribed in normal dosages for an adult. At the same time, the condition of the expectant mother and the possible development of negative effects are monitored. If you are allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides (Josamycin) are prescribed.

WHO recommends the use of Josamycin in the treatment of chlamydial pathology in women during pregnancy. There are antibiotics that are strictly contraindicated during pregnancy (tetracyclines).

The same groups of medications are used to treat childhood bacterial bronchitis. The only difference is the dosage and dosage forms - for children they are offered in the form of suspensions.

The drugs are sold in the form of granules or powders (Amoxiclav, Azithromycin). To prepare the medicine, the substance is diluted with water to the indicated mark on the bottle. Dosages are calculated individually based on the age and body weight of the child. For adolescents, medications are offered in the form of injections or tablets.

Forms of the disease

Bronchitis in adults and children can be chronic, acute and obstructive. Depending on the form of the pathology, the specialist decides on the need to use certain antibiotic drugs.

• Acute bronchitis usually does not require the use of antibacterial drugs. The only exceptions are those rare cases where there is a high risk of bacterial complications. In this situation, the best antibiotic for bronchitis in adults is a drug belonging to the penicillin group.
• The chronic type of the disease during the period of exacerbation is well treated with aminopenicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. Therapy with similar agents is also indicated for elderly patients (to reduce the risk of complications and pneumonia).
• Obstructive bronchitis is treated only with antibacterial drugs if a person has a purulent infection. This course of the disease may be indicated by the patient’s high body temperature. In this case, the best antibiotic for bronchitis in adults is the one that will get rid of the causative agent of the disease. Only a specialist should prescribe an effective medicine based on analysis data. If the disease is severe, then antibacterial agents are prescribed in injections.

How to take antibiotics for bronchitis

During the treatment period the body is weakened. You can help him by following simple rules for using medications:

1. Compliance with the frequency of administration, dosage and timing of treatment. Some patients who experience gastrointestinal or other side effects independently reduce the dosage or skip medication. Such treatment may be ineffective, and the disease will become chronic.
2. Before starting therapy, you need to consult a doctor who will select the drug.
3. The instructions for each medication indicate how best to take it (before, after, during meals, with plenty of water). This increases the bioavailability of the drug and reduces the risk of developing negative reactions.
4. Antibacterial therapy takes place in combination with other types of treatment. Mucolytics help get rid of a cough, antipyretics are used to reduce the temperature, and probiotics are needed to restore the intestinal microflora.
5. Replacing an antibiotic if it is ineffective is carried out by the attending physician who will select a drug from another group.
6. In case of chronic processes in the bronchi, a sputum culture must be done before starting treatment. Often, bacteria in these cases manage to develop resistance to first-line agents. To destroy resistant microbes, you will need to know their reaction to antimicrobial components.

Expert opinion

Osipov Alexander Ivanovich

Therapist. 24 years of experience. Doctor of the highest category. Doctor of Medical Sciences.

Alcohol and antibacterial drugs. In fact, drinking alcohol is not prohibited during therapy. However, it has a toxic effect on the liver, and antibiotics are also filtered and eliminated by this organ. This double load disrupts liver function and can lead to complications.

Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. In severe cases, the inflammatory process can involve all layers of the bronchial wall. Often this disease occurs against a background of weakened immunity, exposure to allergens, stress and overwork. Flu, colds, adenoviruses, pneumococci and mycoplasmas can provoke the rapid development of the disease. Various medications are used in therapy; treatment is rarely complete without antimicrobial agents.

In what cases is it necessary to take antibacterial drugs:

• advanced age - in people over 50 years of age, complications with bronchitis occur quite often;
• long-term treatment with gentle medications does not bring the desired therapeutic result, shortness of breath occurs, and a deterioration in well-being is observed;
• the presence of an admixture of pus in the sputum, severe intoxication of the body;
• obstructive bronchitis in chronic form;
• strong and prolonged increase in temperature.

Treatment of bronchitis without antibiotics

Is it possible to cure bronchitis without antibiotics? For allergic, viral and asthmatic forms, medications against bacteria are not needed. Potent drugs are not prescribed unless a person has a fever or signs of intoxication. Therapy in such cases includes means for better sputum discharge, drinking plenty of fluids, bed rest, and it is necessary to maintain an optimal microclimate in the room.

Drug therapy:

• antiviral drugs - Arbidol, Novirin;
• antihistamines - Diazolin, Suprastin;
• for non-productive cough - Omnitus;
• antitussives for wet coughs - ACC, Ambroxol;
• to eliminate signs of bronchial obstruction - inhalation through a nebulizer with Ventolin;
• ascorbic acid 1–2 g daily.

UHF, therapeutic massage, alkaline drinking and inhalations are prescribed as additional methods of therapy.

Important! If the cause of bronchitis is viruses or allergens, but tests show the absence of pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics are not indicated. According to modern concepts, the use of antibiotics does not help reduce the risk of secondary infection.

What are the dangers of chronic bronchitis?

The pathology is dangerous due to complications that affect not only the respiratory system, but also internal organs. Advanced chronic bronchitis can provoke:

• bronchiolitis;
• emphysema;
• bronchial asthma;
• pulmonary hypertension;
• obstructive pulmonary disease;
• cardiac and respiratory failure.

If your doctor suggests taking a therapeutic course of antibiotics when treating chronic bronchitis, do not refuse! Properly designed therapy with antibacterial drugs is safe and effective.

Good health!

Action of antibacterial drugs

Before using an antibiotic for bronchitis in adults (in tablets, injections, etc.), you should find out how they act in certain forms of the disease.

In the classical treatment regimen for the disease in question, drugs from the penicillin group are usually used. At the same time, it is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of which antibiotic is better for bronchitis in an adult. It all depends on the form and nature of the current disease, the characteristics of the patient’s body, as well as the sensitivity of the bacteria.

Usually, for inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, doctors prescribe antibiotics from the following groups to their patients:

• Aminopenicillins (for example, Augmentin, Amoxiclav or Amoxicillin). Such drugs can have a destructive effect on bacterial cell membranes. The main advantage of such drugs is that they do not cause serious side effects. As for the disadvantages, these include frequent allergic reactions that occur during the use of medications.
• Fluoroquinolones (for example, Ofloxacin or Levofloxacin). These names of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are familiar to many patients. Such drugs affect a wide range of pathogens (destroy their DNA). Such drugs can be prescribed by specialists even before the results of an analysis of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The main disadvantage of fluoroquinolones is that with prolonged use they can cause dysbacteriosis.
• Cephalosporins (for example, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Ceftazidime, Suprax). Such names of antibiotics for bronchitis in adults should alert you, as they can cause severe allergies. That is why they are prescribed with extreme caution. The main advantage of such drugs is that they are able to slow down the production of protein in bacterial cells, as a result of which the process of reproduction of the pathogen stops and its death occurs.
• Macrolides (for example, Midekamicin, Sumamed or Azithromycin). These are some of the best antibiotics for bronchitis in adults. Reviews from experts report that the active substance of such drugs disrupts the production of protein in bacterial cells, which ultimately leads to stopping the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms and their death. Typically, such medications are prescribed for long-term illness or when other medications cause an allergic reaction.

Bronchitis, its types and treatment

Bronchitis affects many and often.
This is a complex disease that requires close attention and serious treatment. But fortunately, with timely, correct therapy, the disease recedes quite easily. Sometimes antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis in adults. This happens quite often, but not always. In some cases, it is possible to cope with the disease without the use of potent drugs. Recently, people have become sick with bronchitis more often. The reasons for this are insufficiently strong immunity, difficult environmental conditions, and too fast a lifestyle. In many patients, the disease even develops into a chronic form. And this often happens because doctors choose the wrong treatment strategy.

To get rid of bronchitis, you need to reliably determine the cause. After all, an illness of a viral nature should not be treated with antibiotics - this will only aggravate the situation, and in fact, a strong medicine simply cannot overcome the virus.

Treatment of chronic or acute bronchitis in adults with antibiotics is advisable when:

• high temperature that does not subside for more than three days;
• inflammation detected in a blood test;
• increased level of ESR;
• pronounced leukocytosis;
• pronounced signs of intoxication;
• retraction of the chest (in particular, protruding areas of the sternum);
• the presence of foci of bacterial infection;
• heavy “groaning” breathing;
• long course of the disease.

Experts strongly discourage the use of antibiotics to treat people over the age of sixty. It is better to abandon such a radical method during the period of exacerbation of the disease or in the presence of obstruction.

Selecting the appropriate antibiotic is a complex process. Its main component is the identification of the pathogenic microorganism that caused the disease.

Aminopenicellins

Aminopenicellin antibiotics, when entering the body, destroy the walls of bacteria, as a result of which they die. The drugs work very carefully. That is, they pose a danger only to harmful cells, healthy cells are completely safe. The only drawback of drugs in this group is that they more often than others cause allergic reactions. The most famous representatives of aminopenicellins:

• Arlet;
• Augmentin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxicillin.

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are often used to treat acute bronchitis in adults. These are broad-spectrum medications. It is not recommended to use them often and for a long time - the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract may be disrupted and dysbacteriosis may develop. Fluoroquinolones destroy the DNA of microorganisms. The group includes:

• Moxifloxacin;
• Ofloxacin;
• Levofloxacin.

Macrolides

Sometimes even three tablets of macrolide antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are enough to cure. These medications prevent microbes from developing, disrupting the process of protein production in pathogenic cells. They are effective even in complex forms of the disease that are long-lasting. As a rule, people turn to their help if they are allergic to penicillin drugs. The brightest representatives of their group:

• Sumamed;
• Macropen;
• Azithromycin.

Cephalosporins

Antibiotics of the group called cephalosporins for bronchitis in adults are prescribed both in injections and in tablets. They have a wide spectrum of action. The destruction of harmful microorganisms is carried out by inhibiting the synthesis of the substance that forms the basis of the cell membrane. You may have heard of cephalosporins such as:

• Cephalexin;
• Cefazolin;
• Ceftriaxone.

Treatment of respiratory tract inflammation is carried out in a hospital or on an outpatient basis. Mild bronchitis can be successfully treated at home; chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and use different health procedures. So, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• presence of a tendency to allergies;
• nature of the disease (acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used (speed and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics have a powerful effect on the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm rather than help. For example, the use of strong drugs to prevent bronchitis may have the opposite effect. Constant use of antibiotics suppresses the immune system, contributes to the appearance of dysbiosis, and adaptation of disease strains to the medications used. Therefore, it cannot be said that antibiotics are the best remedy for bronchitis. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the following cases:

• if there is a high temperature (more than 38 degrees) that lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for more than a month does not bring recovery.
• severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if sputum analysis reveals pathogens of a bacterial or atypical nature.

In adults

What antibiotics should adults take for bronchitis? A specific treatment regimen is applied based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. For acute bronchitis, medications of the penicillin group are prescribed - Amoxicillin, Erythromycin. For chronic cases, it is possible to use Amoxiclav, Augmentin. If this group of drugs does not help, switch to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed, etc.

For older people, Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone are prescribed. If a sputum analysis has not been performed, then preference is given to broad-spectrum antibiotics: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetrazikin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes targeted medications. The decision about which antibiotics to take for bronchitis in adults is made by the attending physician. In any case, the following treatment principles should be adhered to:

1. The medications are taken strictly according to the instructions (dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is unacceptable to skip taking pills.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared, you cannot stop treatment without permission.

Find out more about how to take antibiotics for pneumonia.

In children

Unlike adults, treating bronchitis in children with antibiotics is highly undesirable and dangerous. The use of drugs is allowed only if there is a suspicion of an infectious type of disease. It is better for children to take drugs of the penicillin group. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin and erythromycin is allowed. Otherwise, the child’s treatment regimen is standard and is aimed at eliminating symptoms. Prescribed:

• bed rest, child care;
• drugs to reduce fever;
• remedies for cough and sore throat;
• use of traditional medicine.

Penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Panklav, etc. They have a bactericidal effect, affecting the formation of the protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Drugs containing it are considered the safest.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs that include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. Prominent representatives of macrolides on the pharmacological market are the drugs “Erythromycin”, “Claricin”, “Sumamed”. The mechanism of action is aimed at disrupting the life of the microbial cell.

Fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). The drugs on the market are Afelox, Afenoxin, and medications of the same name as the main active ingredient, for example, Moxifloxacin. This group is specifically used as a medicine for bronchitis.

Cephalosporins (active substances – cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). Based on the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed Cephalexin, Cefuroxime Axetil, and Cefotaxime. Limited in action on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics have absolutely no effect on pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasma, listeria. First generation drugs are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are prescribed by injection.

Chronic bronchitis is a severe and long-term disease. The disease then attacks a person, but recedes, giving the imaginary appearance of recovery. With prolonged bronchitis during relapses with a painful cough, fever, severe shortness of breath, you cannot do without antibiotics.

Important! Doctors say that the chances of getting rid of prolonged bronchitis without taking antibiotics are zero.

Taking advantage of the fact that antibiotics can be purchased without a prescription, many people frivolously prescribe treatment for themselves.

And they suffer a complete fiasco in the fight against chronic bronchitis, adding new health problems to themselves. The intervention of strong drugs is not always required.

Antibiotics in the treatment of chronic bronchitis are necessary only in the following cases:

1. In the event of a bacterial infection. This is evidenced by a deterioration in health 4-5 days after the end of the relapse. A sharp rise in temperature and the presence of purulent streaks in the sputum.
2. If the patient's age exceeds 60 years. This is a time when the immune system is already significantly weakened, and chronic bronchitis is particularly severe, especially during exacerbations.
3. When bronchitis develops after infectious diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci or pneumococci.

But even with clear indications for a course of antibiotic therapy, the physician takes into account additional factors that become an obstacle to taking potent medications:

• lactation period;
• first trimester pregnancy;
• renal and liver failure.

Antibiotics are a formidable and reliable weapon against chronic bronchitis. These medications are prescribed by doctors in several forms: tablets, suspensions, injections, inhalations. What antibiotics should I take for chronic bronchitis?

Types and symptoms

"Cefazolin"

What to do if for one reason or another the patient cannot take pills? Which antibiotic is best for bronchitis in an adult? "Cefazolin" is an effective product that is sold in the form of ampoules with powder intended for the preparation of injections. This is a relatively old medicine from the cephalosporin series. It is prescribed to patients against many types of bacteria that cause infectious and inflammatory diseases, including pneumonia, all forms of bronchitis and lung abscess.

The active substance of Cefazolin is the component of the same name. It has a minimum of contraindications and is considered one of the low-toxic in its group. However, this medicine should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women. It should also be noted that while taking it, adverse reactions from the urinary system and gastrointestinal tract are likely.

Rules for taking antibiotics

1. You cannot interrupt a started course of antibiotics. It usually lasts 7-10 days. When taking some new generation antibiotics, five days is enough, for example, Sumamed (active ingredient azithromycin) (macrolide group).
2. Antibacterial agents must be taken at regular intervals to ensure that the required concentration of the drug is maintained in the patient’s blood. So, for example, the drug “Amoxiclav” must be taken twice a day with an interval of 12 hours, for example, at 8.00 and at 20.00. And the drug "Sumamed" is taken once a day, but the time of administration should be the same, for example, one hour before breakfast or dinner or the same time after it.
3. A noticeable improvement in the patient's condition should occur within 48 hours after the start of antibiotic therapy. If this does not happen, most likely the chosen antibiotic is not effective against this pathogenic microflora and the drug needs to be changed.
4. Ideally, the drug should be prescribed after determining the sensitivity of the microflora to antibiotics. But this research method has a significant drawback - the answer to bacterial culture of sputum will be ready only after 5-7 days.

Acute bronchitis: therapy

Treatment is usually carried out at home on an outpatient basis.

• Mode - semi-bed.

• Drink plenty of fluids, twice the daily requirement.

• Dairy-vegetable diet, limiting allergenic foods and spicy foods.

• Antiviral therapy: 5 drops. Interferon six times a day. For influenza, the drug "Remantadine" is prescribed, and for acute manifestations of ARVI, the drug "Immunoglobulin" is prescribed.

• Azithromycin is used for five days and often cures acute bronchitis.

• Treatment with antibiotics is prescribed in the presence of an obvious bacterial infection, severe inflammatory changes identified by a general blood test, and a tendency to protracted illness.

• It is recommended to perform inhalations - soda-salt, soda.

• If it is difficult to discharge sputum, it is recommended to take expectorants (“Pertussin”, licorice root syrup, “Mukaltin”, breast milk, “Thermopsis”) and mucolytic drugs that are used for viscous sputum (“Bronchicum”, “Erespal”, “Mukopront” , "Ambroxol", "Lazolvan", "Ascoril") in appropriate dosages.

• If there is excessive sputum discharge, vibration massage is prescribed.

• Antitussives (“Sinekod”, “Kofex”) are prescribed for dry cough, in the first days of illness.

The use of herbal expectorants (marshmallow, anise, thermopsis, plantain, elecampane) helps maintain bronchiole peristalsis and also leads to improved sputum output.

List of the best antibiotics for bronchitis in adult patients at an affordable price

Most patients who suffer from inflammation of the bronchial mucosa are interested not only in which drugs will most effectively cope with their illness, but also in which of them have an affordable price.

Experts say that the best antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are not always overpriced. Moreover, many of them have very reasonable prices. These inexpensive but effective medications include:

• "Amoxicillin." This antibiotic from the penicillin group contains the active substance of the same name and is actively prescribed for pneumonia and bronchitis, as well as in the treatment of ENT organs, urinary system organs, gastrointestinal tract and other pathologies. This medicine is commercially available in tablets, granules and capsules. As medical practice shows, the effect of the antibacterial medication begins half an hour after administration, and its effect lasts approximately 6 hours.
• "Biseptol". Of the best antibiotics for bronchitis in adults, this is the most inexpensive. It belongs to the group of sulfonamides and is prescribed only in the complex treatment of diseases of the respiratory system (for example, bronchitis, lung abscess and pneumonia). This remedy has quite a few contraindications and also causes a large number of side effects.

Biseptol has been used in medicine for a very long time. It should be noted that many bacteria are insensitive to the active substance of the drug mentioned, therefore, before starting therapy, it is imperative to undergo a sensitivity test for pathogenic microorganisms.

• "Ofloxacin." Which antibiotic injection is best for bronchitis in an adult? When answering this question, many experts mention Ofloxacin. The active substance of such a drug from the group of fluoroquinols is capable of destroying the DNA of bacteria, which leads to their death.

The drug in question is prescribed to patients against a variety of bacteria, as well as in cases where other antibiotic drugs for bronchitis do not work.

According to the instructions, the drug “Ofloxacin” is actively used for inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Also indications for the use of this medicine are pneumonia and diseases of other organs. It should be noted that this drug is prohibited from being taken by pregnant women and nursing mothers, minors, as well as those who have been found to be highly sensitive to the substances of the medication.

Only a doctor should select the dosage of Ofloxacin on an individual basis, since there is a huge risk of developing side effects from the cardiovascular, genitourinary and nervous systems.

Understanding antibiotics

A competent specialist, before prescribing an antibiotic course of treatment for chronic bronchitis, will conduct a sputum test to determine its antibiotic sensitivity . This allows the doctor to make the right choice of which antibiotics to treat chronic bronchitis in adults.

But in reality, such a test is not always carried out, because it takes at least 2 weeks for the bacterial colony to grow on the culture and demonstrate its sensitivity. In order not to waste precious time, doctors have to act at random , changing medications if necessary (if improvement has not occurred within 7 days).

Penicillin series . The oldest antibiotic drugs with a wide range of effects.

These antibiotics have virtually no contraindications; they are prescribed for the treatment of chronic bronchitis for children and pregnant women.

But the penicillin group is already outdated, many antibiotics are not so effective, especially when treating severe stages of advanced bronchitis.

Penicillins include: Amoxicillin, Panclave, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Ticarcillin, Augmentin.

Attention! Penicillin antibiotics are not recommended to be combined with the simultaneous use of contraceptives. Penicillin reduces their effectiveness.

Macrolides . A widespread and proven group of antibiotics in the treatment of chronic bronchitis.

With their help, bacteria stop producing their own protein, losing the ability to reproduce, and the microorganisms die. Macrolides are considered safe drugs and can be prescribed to children and pregnant women.

These medications do not cause allergies and can be taken for a long time without harm to health. This is important because macrolides act more slowly than other antibiotics. There is also a minus - bacteria can develop resistance to these drugs, so a repeat course is prescribed after 3 months of rest.

Macrolides include: Erythromycin, Azivok, Sumamecin, AzitRus, Roxide, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Vilprafen.

This is interesting. The peculiarities of macrolides include their ability to change the taste of food and reduce the effectiveness of other medications.

Cephalosporins . Medicines of this series effectively cope with the disease at its very first signs (in the form of tablets) and in the case of an advanced, chronic stage (medicines are administered by injection). Cephalosporins do not cause allergies and are successfully used to treat even the smallest children and women expecting a child.

Antibiotics in this group include: Cephalexin, Levofloxacin, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Axone, Cefosin, Ceftriaxone.

Fluoroquinolones . These drugs belong to the third generation of antibiotics. They are not cheap in price.

Fluoroquinolones destroy harmful bacteria at the molecular level and act quickly and accurately. They effectively cope even with very severe cases of advanced chronic bronchitis.

But antibiotics of this series cannot be used by children and pregnant women - aggressive drugs have a detrimental effect on the formation of human cartilage tissue.

Well-known drugs in this group include: Avelox, Ciprofloxacin, Norilet, Glaufos, Floracid, Lefofloxacin, Oflocid, Raksar.

Important! Fluoroquinolones should be taken with plenty of water. And while completing the course, drink at least 2 liters of liquid daily.

Carbapenems . Antibiotics in this group belong to beta-lactams. These drugs have a powerful bactericidal effect.

They destroy the cell walls of harmful bacteria, completely destroying pathogenic microflora.

Carbapenems are used in the treatment of advanced and severe forms of chronic bronchitis; they are administered by injection.

Medicines in this group include: Invanz, Meropenem, Merexid, Propinem, Cyronem, Meronem, Tienam, Meronoxol.

Antibiotics for inhalation . Nebulizer inhalation using antibiotics has been successfully used to treat chronic bronchitis. The advantage of such inhalations is the rapid therapeutic effect - the drugs directly affect the affected areas of the bronchi and act instantly.

Most often, two antibiotics are used to treat chronic bronchitis by inhalation:

1. Fluimucil . An antibacterial agent in powder form containing active substances to liquefy and remove mucus. One package of the product is dissolved in 3-5 ml of sodium chloride. The resulting liquid is divided into two parts and inhaled twice a day.
2. Fusafungin . This antibiotic is part of the inhalation drug Bioparox. It has powerful bacteriostatic and antifungal properties, quickly eliminating symptoms and signs of the disease. Bioparox is approved for use by children over 3 years of age; it can also be used by pregnant women.

Main indications for the use of antibacterial drugs for bronchitis

Antibacterial drugs.

There are some indications that are decisive in determining the advisability of using antibacterial drugs for bronchitis.

Attention! With a bacterial process, an increase in leukocytes and ESR is observed in the patient’s blood test.

Such indications include the following symptomatic manifestations of pathology:

• bacterial blood;
• signs of intoxication that are clearly expressed;
• high body temperature that does not respond to standard antipyretics;
• respiratory failure;
• sputum with purulent inclusions.

Semi-synthetic or protected penicillins and macrolides are usually prescribed as initial therapy.

What methods will confirm the diagnosis?

In addition to these groups of antibiotics, antibiotic drugs of natural origin, such as cephalosporins, are effective. The video in this article will introduce readers to the basic rules for using antibacterial drugs.

Is it necessary to use antibiotics for bronchitis when there is no fever?

Drugs to combat uncomplicated bronchitis.

Antibacterial drugs are not used for diagnosed uncomplicated bronchitis, which is not accompanied by elevated body temperature, without severe intoxication of the body and signs of bacterial infection. This circumstance is due to the fact that often the acute course of the pathology is of viral origin and for this reason the use of antibacterial agents is not advisable, since it will not bring significant positive dynamics.

Treatment that does not involve the use of medications in a particular case will be focused on increasing the amount of sputum produced due to the large amount of fluid consumed by the patient and eliminating negative environmental factors that may affect the patient’s condition.

Such negative factors that can provoke coughing attacks include the following:

• smoke;
• dust;
• wool;
• bird feather.

Attention! Limiting contact with the listed factors is necessary for bronchitis, regardless of the type of pathogen.

In order to speed up the recovery process for bronchitis, the patient's contact with allergens should be limited.

In addition to the above, the patient is recommended to remain in bed.

Drug therapy usually includes the following:

1. Antiviral therapy , which is represented by taking drugs such as Novirin, Arbidol, Rimantadine and Groprinosin.
2. Antiallergic therapy , which involves the use of Diazolin or Loratadine.
3. Antitussive drugs . For a dry cough, Bromhexine, Omnitus are often prescribed, and for a wet cough - ACC, Ambroxol, Ascoril. It is possible to prescribe a central antitussive agent, for example Codeine.
4. If the general temperature is above 38 C, the patient is required to take antipyretics , which can be represented by Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and others.
5. When elevated body temperature is not observed, it is recommended to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures such as UHF in the tracheal area, massages and alkaline inhalations.
6. When there is an obstructive component and shortness of breath is severe, inhalation using Ventolin using a nebulizer is quite effective.

As a general tonic, it is possible to take ascorbic acid in a dosage of 1-2g per day.

Attention! Antitussives and antihistamines are used for bronchitis of any nature.

What is bronchitis?

Why does bronchitis develop?

Bronchitis is a pathology in which a narrowing of the lumen occurs in the bronchi, an inflammatory process begins, which leads to difficulty breathing. A cough occurs, which produces copious sputum.

Bronchitis can be expressed in an acute form or be chronic. Such a diagnosis can be made only in cases where the patient suffers from bronchitis for more than 3 months in a row.

Drug therapy

Of course, it is quite possible and even necessary to treat bronchitis without antibiotics, but sometimes it is difficult to do without the use of symptomatic drugs. The main condition is that the medications must be prescribed by the attending physician, with regular monitoring of the patient’s condition after taking the medications.

Cough remedies

Cough is the main symptom during bronchitis, as viscous mucus accumulates in the lungs. It must be diluted with the help of mucolytics, and then removed by taking expectorants. It is not recommended to use the second group of drugs without using the first, as health complications may arise.

Drugs used to treat cough (the active substance is indicated in parentheses):

• ACC, Fluimucil (acetylcysteine);
• Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Flavamed (ambroxol);
• Fluditec, Bronchobos (carbocysteine);
• Bromhexine, Bronchosan (bromhexine).

Before use, it is recommended to consult a doctor who will prescribe the required dosage and adjust the course of taking the drug. Self-prescription of the drug is prohibited.

Antipyretics

This group of drugs is prescribed for high temperatures that rise above 38.5 degrees. Up to this point, the body is able to fight the infection itself, but if it is higher than permissible, it can become dangerous to the health of vital organs. Tablets based on ibuprofen or paracetamol are good for reducing fever. In addition, they are allowed to be taken by children and pregnant women, which proves their harmlessness.

Antipyretic drugs:

• Paracetamol;
• Panadol;
• Aspirin;
• Nurofen;
• Axofen-P.

In order to avoid overdose in adults and children, it is recommended to alternate the use of ibuprofen and paracetamol based products.

Treatment should be stopped if the temperature does not go away within 3 days. This patient's condition requires immediate examination by a doctor.

Antihistamines

Allergy medications for the treatment of bronchitis are prescribed to reduce bronchial hyperactivity and excessive mucus production in response to external irritants. This is especially true if you have an allergic form of the disease or a history of bronchial asthma. Most of the drugs from this group cannot be combined with drinking alcoholic beverages, as they can enhance the effect of ethyl alcohol on the body.

Antihistamines:

• Suprastin;
• Diphenhydramine;
• Tavegil;
• Diazolin;
• Loratadine;
• Claritin.

First generation drugs have a persistent hypnotic effect; if this needs to be avoided, 2nd and 3rd generation tablets should be used. The dosage should be prescribed by an allergist. Patients should remember that many bronchial diseases cannot be treated without taking antihistamines and therefore this group of drugs should not be neglected.

Immunostimulating

When the main manifestations of the disease are over, it is recommended to start taking medications that support the immune system. With the help of a therapist, it is worth choosing a complex of vitamins, immunostimulating agents, and dietary supplements. However, this point is not the main one; you can skip it by making a choice in favor of normalizing your diet and healthy lifestyle.

Therapy for chronic bronchitis

Antibiotics for chronic bronchitis are the basis of therapy.

Additionally, for treatment in adults, the following medications are required:

1. During the period of exacerbation of the disease, viral infections may occur; if they are detected, it is necessary to take: aflubin, amizon, arbidol.
2. Inhalations using medications (dioxidine, rotokan, salbutamol). As well as oral administration of drugs for the discharge of sputum (Atrovent, Berodual, Lazolvan).
3. Additional procedures include massages and breathing exercises.
4. To maintain immunity, it is necessary to take immunostimulating agents (thymalin, vitamins A, C). Medicines are also needed to restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract (Linex, Acipol, Normaze).
5. Long-term treatment requires taking medications that support the functioning of the liver and heart. In this case, medications can be prescribed by the attending specialist, depending on the course of the disease and how much the organs are damaged.

Upon completion of treatment, a visit to the sanatorium is necessary to restore the functioning of all organs.

Review of effective antibiotics

In chronic bronchitis, all groups of antibiotics are used for therapy. Drugs are prescribed after determining the sensitivity of bacteria to them.

Prescribed funds:

1. Group of macrolides. Due to their extended spectrum, these drugs can be prescribed before examining coughed up mucus:

• macropen. Prescribed 400 mg 3 times every 24 hours. Accepted from 7 to 14 days. Admission may be accompanied by the appearance of a rash and loss of appetite;
• sumamed Prescribed 1 tablet/capsule 1 time per day. Duration of therapy is from 3 to 5 days. Admission may be accompanied by impaired hematopoiesis, allergic edema, as well as malfunction of the nervous and cardiovascular systems;
• erythromycin. Antibiotic use is considered in the treatment of acute bronchitis.

2. Penicillin group. In the chronic form, these drugs are rarely prescribed. Only in case of contraindications for other groups or presence of side effects.

Prescribed drugs include:

• panclav. Prescribed 750 mg per day (divided into 3 doses). The duration of therapy is from 5 to 14 days. Treatment may be accompanied by itching, vomiting and dizziness;
• amoxicillin. The dosage and course of treatment coincides with the acute form of bronchitis;
• flemoxin solutab. The course of treatment and single dosage are determined by the severity of the pathology and the general condition of the patient. Taking the drug can cause itching, nausea and disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system.

3. Cephalosporin group. Antibiotics are capable of destroying a wide range of bacteria, but have a large number of adverse reactions. They are prescribed mainly intramuscularly.

List of medications:

• cefuroxime Treatment coincides with therapy for acute bronchitis;
• ceftriaxone. It is administered by injection; a single dose and course are prescribed by the attending physician. Injections/droppers may be accompanied by allergic itching, nausea and blood disorders.

4. Group of fluoroquinolones. Prescribed after determining sensitivity. They are most effective in treatment.

These means include:

• moxifloxacin. The dosage and duration of therapy are prescribed by the therapist. Treatment may be accompanied by hand tremors, headaches and cardiac dysfunction;
• Levofloxacin. The duration of taking the antibiotic is from 10 to 14 days. It is enough to take 1 or 2 tablets per day. Therapy may be accompanied by diarrhea, dizziness and low blood pressure;
• ciprofloxacin. Depending on the severity of the disease, from 1 to 3 tablets are prescribed, 2 times a day for 7-28 days. May cause disruption of the heart, urinary system and hematopoiesis.

Drug therapy and course duration are prescribed by the therapist. If there are side effects or ineffectiveness of the drug, a specialist will replace it.

Duration of treatment

Therapy for bronchitis in the chronic stage is considered effective during exacerbation. The course of antibiotic treatment can range from 5 to 14 days. Together with the recovery period, the duration is up to 30 days.

"Ceftazidime"

Not only specialists, but also patients should know the names of the best antibiotics for bronchitis in adults. This will allow you to choose the most suitable and safe drug, as well as decide on its form.

"Ceftazidime" is available in powder form for the preparation of intravenous or intramuscular solution. Its active ingredient is ceftazidime (in the form of pentahydrate), and the auxiliary component is sodium carbonate.

The drug in question, a new cephalosporin, is a third-generation antibiotic. It is prescribed for severe purulent-septic conditions, as well as complicated respiratory infections. Ceftazidime helps cope with acute and chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. It is contraindicated for use in case of individual intolerance, and it is prescribed with caution to people with bleeding and renal failure.

Among the side effects after using the medicine, the following are possible: nosebleeds, allergic reactions, changes in blood composition, diseases of the digestive system, problems in the functioning of the nervous system.

Antibiotics in tablet form prescribed to adults for bronchitis

Standard drugs are prescribed to adult patients as tableted antibacterial agents for bronchitis. They have shown their own effectiveness in combating inflammatory processes in the bronchi, and the calculation of their dosages is carried out according to established principles.

The attending physician will tell you which antibiotic is best for an adult to take for bronchitis; self-prescription of the drug can lead to aggravation of the clinical picture.

Products in tablet form.

Amoxicillin

An antibacterial agent from a number of semisynthetic penicillins. It is characterized by a bactericidal effect, the range of activity includes gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, but has no effect on strains with a tendency to synthesize penicillinase.

Amoxicillin is a derivative of ampicillin with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics and is more suitable for oral administration due to its high acid resistance.

Amoxicillin indications and contraindications for use.

Usually prescribed at a rate of 250-500 mg 3 times a day.

Adverse reactions include:

1. Frequent allergic reactions - erythema, urticaria, Quincke's edema - rare. Possible conjunctivitis, rhinitis and eosinophilia.
2. Exceeding or underestimating the dosage, unreasonable use and non-compliance with the interval between courses leads to the occurrence of superinfection.
3. An ampicillin rash may form; there is an increased risk in people with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection, infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr infection.
4. Cross-allergies are possible when taken with other beta-lactams.

The contraindications are as follows:

• gestation period;
• breast-feeding;
• gout when taking Allopurinol;
• when taking Methotrexate;
• with infectious mononucleosis.

Attention! Before using a drug in this group, it is important to exclude the possibility of contraindications.

The trade names of drugs containing Amoxicillin are as follows:

• Flemoxinsolutab;
• Amoxillate;
• Ospamox;
• Taysil;
• Upsamox;
• E-mox;
• Amoxicar;
• Amine;
• Gramox.

Amoxicillin is incompatible with any drug from a series of aminoglycosides, since they neutralize the effects of each other. When taken in combination with glucosamine and antacids, the absorption and digestibility of Amoxicillin decreases.

When taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptives in combination with an antibiotic, a decrease in the effectiveness of contraceptives is observed.

How to take amoxicillin.

Among the advantages of the medicinal composition, it can be noted that its price is not high, which is why the product is very popular.

Augmentin

Augmentin (pictured) is a representative of a number of inhibitor-protected penicillins. The main active ingredients are amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate.

In comparison with penicillins of extended action, it shows high efficiency even with penicillin-resistant strains, it affects almost the entire list of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, as well as anaerobic pathogens. Adverse reactions are the same as when taking amoxicillin drugs.

Antibacterial agent.

The dosage for adults is 375-625 mg 3 times a day or 100 mg 2 times a day, the calculation is based on amoxicillin.

The instructions regulate the following contraindications:

• chronic kidney failure;
• colitis due to taking penicillins;
• liver failure;
• individual intolerance;
• pregnancy;
• breast-feeding.

The trade names are:

• Panclave;
• Honeyclave;
• Kuram;
• Moxiclave;
• Clavunat;
• Klonacom-X;
• Ranklav;
• FlemoklavSolutab;
• Rapiklav;
• Arlet;
• AmoclanHexal;
• Clamosar;
• Amoklavin;
• Clavocin.

The drug can be prescribed exclusively by the treating specialist.

Sumamed

The key active ingredient is azithromycin, which is a semi-synthetic fifteen-membered macrolide. Belongs to the azalide class.

The advantages are:

• reduced toxicity rate;
• no cross allergies with penicillins;
• high activity against gram-positive flora and intracellular pathogens.

Summed or Azithromycin.

Possible side effects are represented by the following reactions from the body:

• dyspeptic disorders;
• dysbacteriosis;
• heart rate disturbance;
• vaginal candidiasis;
• oral candidiasis;
• cholestatic jaundice;
• transient increase in liver transaminases.

Do not take under the following conditions:

• kidney failure of any nature;
• serious arrhythmias;
• lactation period;
• liver dysfunction.

Trade names of drugs:

• Azirothromycin AKOS;
• Zitrolide;
• Azithromycin;
• Zimaks;
• Z-factor;
• Zithrocin;
• Sumamox;
• Azivok;
• Emomycin;
• Sumamecin;
• Sumasid.

Combining these drugs with Digoxin and lincosamides is not recommended. Do not use with heparin.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins are characterized by a powerful bactericidal effect and have an extended spectrum. They are well tolerated by patients and are approved for use by women during pregnancy.

The following cephalosporin drugs are prescribed for oral administration:

• Sorceph;
• Suprax;
• Tsedex;
• Zinnat;
• Pantsef.

Zinnat is a third generation antibacterial drug.

Side effects of cephalosporins can be expressed as follows:

• allergic cross-reactions with other beta-lactams;
• oral candidiasis;
• vaginal candidiasis;
• intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• dyspeptic disorders;
• elevation of transient liver transaminases in blood biochemistry;
• when combined with alcohol-containing products, a disulfiram-like effect;
• Hematological complications occur rarely.

Compatibility with other medications is as follows:

• not prescribed when taking thrombolytics;
• prohibited when using anticoagulants;
• not used in conjunction with antiplatelet agents;
• together with antacids is ineffective.

It is not recommended to take them in combination with diuretics and aminoglycosides due to increased nephrotoxicity.

Indications and contraindications

Antibiotics are quite powerful drugs that have a number of absolute contraindications and can only be used according to strict indications. It is strictly forbidden to take antibacterial drugs thoughtlessly, since for the most part, when used in this way, they do not have any therapeutic effect, but have a detrimental effect on the general condition of the patient’s body.

In what cases is taking antibiotics necessary?

Taking them without absolute necessity has a particularly negative effect on the following systems and organs:

• gastrointestinal tract;
• liver;
• kidneys

There are a number of conditions where the positive effects of antibiotics outweigh the possible negative consequences of taking them.

Such conditions that justify the use of antibiotics for chronic bronchitis include the following:

• borderline high general temperature, which cannot be corrected with ordinary antipyretics;
• sputum with purulent inclusions;
• progressive bronchospasms;
• exacerbation of previously diagnosed chronic bronchitis.

However, even with such manifestations, sometimes antibiotics cannot be used.

Attention! Antibacterial drugs of any group have contraindications for use. Medicines of this nature are allowed to be taken only after consultation with a doctor.

Antibiotics cannot be used when the patient has the following conditions:

1. Pathologies of the urinary system with a complex course , for example, nephropathy, renal failure.
2. Disorders of normal liver function , the possibility of using antibiotics is determined individually.
3. Ulcerative pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract , for example, duodenal or gastric ulcers.

Also, one of the absolute contraindications is an allergic reaction to taking antibiotics, since there is a possibility of its rapid development, causing anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema.

A relative contraindication, when the use of antimicrobial drugs is in question, is the situation of recent use of antibiotics by patients.

How many days does bronchitis take to treat?

Bronchitis: basic information about the disease, the causes of its occurrence

Bronchitis is an infectious disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the bronchi. The disease is classified as acute and chronic. If in the first case the disease lasts no more than 3 weeks, then in the second the symptoms of bronchitis can appear within 2 years. A disease whose symptoms are accompanied by shortness of breath is called obstructive bronchitis.

The infectious nature of the disease is explained by the activity of pathogenic flora - viral, bacterial or atypical. The main bacterial pathogens include staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci, viral pathogens - parainfluenza, influenza virus, adenovirus, etc. Atypical pathogens of bronchitis include chlamydia and mycoplasma. In rare cases, the cause of bronchitis is a fungal infection.

The first signs of bronchitis

The acute course of the disease begins with inflammation of the bronchi caused by hypothermia of the body. The patient complains of general malaise, slight increase in body temperature, cough, runny nose, muscle and throat pain. For 10 days, traditional healers recommend consuming a mixture of chopped onions and honey, prepared in a 1:1 ratio. The product should be taken in the morning and evening, 1 tablespoon.

In chronic bronchitis, which occurs with prolonged irritation of the respiratory tract, experts detect progressive damage to the bronchi and respiratory parts of the lung. A clear sign of chronic bronchitis is a cough that does not go away over a long period of time and is accompanied by sputum production. It is accompanied by weakness and sweating, shortness of breath and wheezing when breathing, and increased body temperature.

How many days should bronchitis be treated?

To prevent the development of undesirable consequences, the treatment of bronchitis should be approached responsibly, observing bed or semi-bed rest. If this rule is neglected, the disease will take a chronic course or cause heart complications.

Experts prescribe any medications for at least 10 days, calculating dosages based on the patient’s age. First, the patient is recommended to take antibacterial drugs - derivatives of penicillin, macrolides, cephalosporins and respiratory fluoroquinolones. The drug Erespal, or Fenspiride, which has an anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect, will help cope with bronchitis in 10 days. It is prescribed even to children under 1 year of age. For mild and moderate forms of the disease, it is permissible to take medications released in the form of tablets, syrups, and suspensions. In case of complicated bronchitis, drugs are administered intramuscularly. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a combination of medications.

If bronchitis was caused by a virus, treatment with antibiotics is supplemented by the prescription of antiviral drugs, which are also taken for at least 10 days. However, any therapy will be incomplete without the use of expectorants. Their release forms are different - these are powders, syrups, regular and effervescent tablets. The expectorant is also taken for 10 days, and the doctor prescribes the dosage taking into account the patient’s body weight and age.

Companion of antibiotics dysbiosis

An antibiotic is a medicine that is merciless to bacteria of any kind. But some microorganisms are vital for the human body; they help in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, maintaining normal intestinal microflora.

Sometimes, after treatment with antibiotic drugs, problems begin: allergic manifestations, stomach pain, disturbances in normal bowel movements. This is dysbiosis knocking - a faithful companion of antibiotics.

The degree of damage to the gastrointestinal tract and the likelihood of dysbacteriosis depends on many reasons:

• the presence of chronic gastrointestinal diseases;
• poor nutrition during antibiotic treatment;
• unauthorized continuation of the course without the knowledge of the doctor;
• the initial state of the microflora (before the course of treatment);
• how often courses of antibiotic treatment were administered.

How to avoid trouble? To prevent antibiotic treatment from leading to dysbacteriosis, follow these simple rules:

1. From the first day of taking antibiotics, you should take probiotics (live bacteria) at the same time. These substances protect the intestinal microflora: Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Profibor, Bifidorm, Florin forte.
2. Include fermented milk products, cereals, vegetables, fruits, and bran in your daily diet.
3. Strictly adhere to all doctor’s recommendations regarding the choice of antibiotic, course duration and dose of the drug.

These recommendations will help save the intestines from disorder and preserve health, making the course of antibacterial therapy safe and effective.

When are antibiotics needed?

Treatment for bronchitis does not have a template and whether antibacterial agents are needed or not will be decided only by the attending physician, depending on the cause of this pathology.

But experts agree that these medications should not be used from the very first days of the disease. Patients are first prescribed expectorant drugs and recommended to drink more fluids, and it would also be advisable to prescribe inhalations.

Before starting treatment for bronchitis, it is necessary to identify the cause that caused this disease. Bronchitis caused by a viral infection cannot be treated with antibiotics.

These medicines are not effective against viruses. On the contrary, antibiotics, in this case, suppress the immune system and recovery is delayed.

In addition, such treatment can cause complications in the form of dysbiosis or drug resistance.

A person’s body with a strong immune system is able to cope with the disease without antibiotics, even if bronchitis is caused by staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci and other pathogenic microorganisms.

Treatment in this case is prescribed only symptomatic. Recovery usually occurs within two weeks.

But there are situations when antibiotics cannot be avoided.

Let's look at them:

1. In older people after 60 years of age, the body's defenses are weakened. Therefore, to treat bronchitis, in order to avoid possible complications, such as pneumonia, antibacterial therapy is most often used.
2. If the treatment used does not have a positive effect, the clinical picture includes a painful cough and the disease lasts for more than three weeks, then antibiotics are prescribed.
3. If there is a history of chronic obstructive bronchitis and its exacerbation occurs with fever, symptoms of intoxication and cough with the discharge of purulent sputum, then antibacterial therapy is mandatory.
4. Patients with infection-dependent bronchial asthma, the cause of which, as a rule, is an allergic reaction to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body, are forced to take antibacterial drugs from the very beginning of the disease in order to prevent asthma attacks.
5. If the cause of bronchitis is inhaled irritants, for example, acidic or alkaline vapors, the bronchial mucosa is damaged by their chemical effects. At the same time, the risk of bacterial infection increases. Therefore, for so-called chemical bronchitis, antibacterial therapy is prescribed.
6. If, during bronchitis, a clinical blood test shows a significant increase in ESR and leukocytosis, and the manifestations of the pathology are associated with the discharge of purulent sputum and a severe cough, treatment with antibacterial drugs is prescribed.
7. Bronchitis caused by chlamydia or mycoplasma (the smallest pathogenic microorganisms) requires treatment with antibiotics.

How many days does bronchitis take to treat?

It will not be possible to cope with bronchitis too quickly, since the disease is infectious and viral in nature. For 10 days, the patient must take medications prescribed by the doctor, aimed at stabilizing body temperature, liquefying mucus and removing it from the bronchi. If during this time it is not possible to achieve a positive result, the treatment regimen is changed. In general, treatment of bronchitis takes from 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity of its course.

Bronchitis: basic information about the disease, the causes of its occurrence

Bronchitis is an infectious disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the bronchi. The disease is classified as acute and chronic. If in the first case the disease lasts no more than 3 weeks, then in the second the symptoms of bronchitis can appear within 2 years. A disease whose symptoms are accompanied by shortness of breath is called obstructive bronchitis.

The infectious nature of the disease is explained by the activity of pathogenic flora - viral, bacterial or atypical. The main bacterial pathogens include staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci, viral pathogens - parainfluenza, influenza virus, adenovirus, etc. Atypical pathogens of bronchitis include chlamydia and mycoplasma. In rare cases, the cause of bronchitis is a fungal infection.

The first signs of bronchitis

The acute course of the disease begins with inflammation of the bronchi caused by hypothermia of the body. The patient complains of general malaise, slight increase in body temperature, cough, runny nose, muscle and throat pain. For 10 days, traditional healers recommend consuming a mixture of chopped onions and honey, prepared in a 1:1 ratio. The product should be taken in the morning and evening, 1 tablespoon.

In chronic bronchitis, which occurs with prolonged irritation of the respiratory tract, experts detect progressive damage to the bronchi and respiratory parts of the lung. A clear sign of chronic bronchitis is a cough that does not go away over a long period of time and is accompanied by sputum production. It is accompanied by weakness and sweating, shortness of breath and wheezing when breathing, and increased body temperature.

How many days should bronchitis be treated?

To prevent the development of undesirable consequences, the treatment of bronchitis should be approached responsibly, observing bed or semi-bed rest. If this rule is neglected, the disease will take a chronic course or cause heart complications.

Experts prescribe any medications for at least 10 days, calculating dosages based on the patient’s age. First, the patient is recommended to take antibacterial drugs - derivatives of penicillin, macrolides, cephalosporins and respiratory fluoroquinolones. The drug Erespal, or Fenspiride, which has an anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect, will help cope with bronchitis in 10 days. It is prescribed even to children under 1 year of age. For mild and moderate forms of the disease, it is permissible to take medications released in the form of tablets, syrups, and suspensions. In case of complicated bronchitis, drugs are administered intramuscularly. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a combination of medications.

If bronchitis was caused by a virus, treatment with antibiotics is supplemented by the prescription of antiviral drugs, which are also taken for at least 10 days. However, any therapy will be incomplete without the use of expectorants. Their release forms are different - these are powders, syrups, regular and effervescent tablets. The expectorant is also taken for 10 days, and the doctor prescribes the dosage taking into account the patient’s body weight and age.

Types of bronchitis

Bronchitis can occur in the following forms:

• Purulent bronchitis (sputum produced when coughing contains an admixture of pus);
• Purulent-serous (characterized by the release of gray sputum and the presence of so-called purulent fibers;
• Fibrinous (the sputum is very viscous and thick, it is difficult to separate, which provokes a narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi and attacks of bronchospasm);
• Hemorrhagic (the inflammatory process affects blood vessels, thins their walls, resulting in blood entering the sputum);
• Catarrhal bronchitis (characterized by the accumulation of large amounts of mucus in the upper sections of the bronchi).

Inflammation of the bronchi can have a different course:

1. Acute bronchitis: begins suddenly, accompanied by chest pain, paroxysmal cough and fever.
2. Chronic bronchitis (is a consequence of an untreated acute form, has all the main symptoms of acute bronchitis, but in a less pronounced form).

Based on functional characteristics, doctors divide this disease into 2 types:

• Obstructive bronchitis, in which there is a significant narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi. In this case, the patient complains of shortness of breath, attacks of suffocation, accompanied by a painful dry cough.
• Non-obstructive bronchitis, in which there is no constriction of the bronchi, sudden bronchospasms and suffocation.

Review of drugs for the treatment of bronchitis in adults

Antibiotics can be prescribed in different forms: tablets, injections, or inhalations.

Tablet drugs

Drugs in solid form are often prescribed because they can be used to treat the disease at home. To treat the disease in adults, penicillin-based drugs are often used.

The name of these funds is indicated below:

1. Amoxiclav.
2. Augmentin.
3. Panclave.

The recommended dose for adults is 625 mg per dose given three times a day. Penicillins usually have a strong effect. However, bacteria often show resistance to this group of drugs.

Monitoring is recommended for a patient taking penicillins; if no significant changes occur after 3 days, the medicine is replaced with another. In case of individual intolerance to the penicillin series, macrolides are recommended. These include:

1. Erythromycin.
2. Clarithromycin.
3. Sumamed.
4. Macropen.

If it is not possible to treat the disease with macrolides, then a new generation of fluoroquinolones, which have a wide spectrum of action, is prescribed, these include:

1. Tavanik.
2. Tsiprolet.

Doctors also recommend drugs from the cephalosporin group, which are characterized by low toxicity and high efficiency against a large number of pathogenic bacteria.

For the treatment of bronchitis, the following are most often used:

1. Cefix.
2. Cefuroxine.
3. Cefazolin.

Medicines in injections

Antibiotic injections are prescribed when the temperature is above 39 degrees for more than 3 days, the sputum contains purulent exudate, and the patient experiences severe shortness of breath and bronchospasm. As a rule, it is recommended to treat bronchitis with the help of new generation drugs - cephalosporins, they are administered both intramuscularly and intravenously.

These include:

1. Ceftriaxone.
2. Levofloxacin.
3. Cefuroxime.

The exact dosage of the drug should be prescribed by a doctor and depend on the degree of the disease and the patient’s condition. In advanced or chronic stages of the disease, it is recommended to use fluoroquinolones - modern drugs, already at the initial stage of the disease. They have a more gentle effect.

Typically these are the following injections:

1. Levofloxacin.
2. Moxifloxacin.
3. Ciprofloxacin.

Inhalations

In addition to the above methods, antibiotics are also used in the form of inhalation using a nebulizer. Using inhalation, the drug is delivered directly to the inflamed area. This method helps against cough better than others, since the medicine has a localized effect on the bronchi. The following are effective methods used for inhalation:

• Fluimucil is often used for inhalation. To do this, 5 ml of the drug is dissolved with sodium chloride and divided by 2 times. This drug consists of an antibiotic and a sputum thinner, and is a good anti-cough;
• Gentamicin, which is given as injections, can be used as inhalation. It is effective against many microorganisms. To prepare a solution for inhalation, you need to dilute 1 ampoule with 3 ml saline. solution;
• Dioxidin helps against cough; for inhalation, take 5 ml of the prepared solution.

New generation medicines

In the modern world, doctors often recommend the use of new generation drugs that have a wide spectrum of action. These medications are better than previous medications: they are effective against many bacteria, are safe for the body, have fewer side effects, are more convenient to use, and, as a rule, they are taken 1 tablet per day. These medicines include:

• macrolides – Rulid, Sumamed;
• cephalosporins – Cefpirom;
• amoxicillins – Amoxiclav;
• fluoroquinols – Moxifloxacin.