Zinnat, POWDER FOR PREPARATION OF SUSPENSION FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION

Directions for use and doses

Zinnat is prescribed from the age of over three months, since there are no clinical data confirming the safety of the medicine for younger children.
Instructions for use of the antibacterial agent Zinnat vary depending on the form of release of the drug. The required amount of active substance is calculated based on the patient’s age. Since simultaneous food intake increases the absorption of the drug, it is necessary to take the antibiotic with meals. The standard course of antibiotic therapy is from 5 to 10 days as prescribed by a doctor, treatment of Lyme disease is 20 days.

Pills

The drug in tablet form is not recommended for use in children under 3 years of age and in patients who have difficulty swallowing.
For adults and adolescents over 12 years of age, cefuroxime 250 mg twice daily is prescribed to treat most uncomplicated infections, including mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections and pyelonephritis. For more severe infections, pulmonary pneumonia and borreliosis, tablets are prescribed at a dosage of 500 mg 2 times a day. For infectious diseases of the urinary tract, a single dose is 125 mg. Cefuroxime can be used for stepwise therapy of pneumonia and bronchial asthma. Treatment of pneumonia begins with parenteral administration of the drug Zinacef (sodium salt) in the amount of 1.5 g 2 or 3 times a day for up to 5 days, then therapy is continued with Zinnat 500 mg twice a day for 7-10 days. Chronic bronchitis is treated according to the same scheme, except that the dose of Zinacef is 750 grams, and the duration of taking the tablets is reduced to 5-10 days.

For young patients who can swallow a tablet without chewing it, 1 piece is prescribed for the treatment of most infectious diseases. 125 mg twice a day, and for the treatment of inflammation of the middle ear and severe infectious pathologies - 1 piece. 250 mg or 2 pcs. 125 mg per single dose. If it is impossible to take the drug in tablet form, it is better to use granules to make a suspension.

Suspension

To prepare the suspension, the contents of the bottle with granules must be filled with boiled or distilled water, measuring 20 ml of liquid using a glass. The closed bottle must be shaken well to mix the substance until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Children willingly drink the prepared suspension in its pure form, but single doses can be diluted with juice, milk or water.

For children under two years of age, a single dose of antibiotic should not exceed 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight. It is allowed to give the medicine twice a day. Older children are prescribed 5 ml of suspension (125 mg) twice a day. In severe forms of illness, the pediatrician can prescribe a double dose for children over 2 years of age, but not more than 250 mg with a maximum daily amount not exceeding 500 mg.

The amount of the drug can be calculated not only according to the patient’s age, but also depending on the child’s weight. Infectious diseases without complications are treated with a single dose of a suspension of 10 mg per 1 kg of baby’s weight (half a measuring spoon or 2.5 ml of syrup). The medicine should be given twice a day:

• for a baby 3-6 months old, the amount of the drug in a single dose will be approximately 2.5 ml or ½ measuring spoon,
• a child under two years of age will receive from 2.5 ml to 5 ml,
• children under 12 years old - 5 ml of Zinnat sweet suspension.

Severe forms of infections, otitis media, complicated inflammatory processes of any localization are treated according to the same scheme, but with an increase in the amount of antibiotic.

Renal Function and Dosage

When prescribing Zinnat 250 mg tablets for children and adults, the doctor takes into account how efficiently the patient’s kidneys work. The active compound is predominantly eliminated by the renal system. Therefore, a dose reduction is required for certain problems with organ performance. Focus on creatinine clearance. If it is more than 30 units, the half-life of Zinnat is estimated at 1.4–2.4 hours, which means that no special dose adjustment is necessary. With a creatinine clearance of 10–29 units, the half-life increases to 4.6 hours, so the drug is used only once a day, using a standard volume.

With a creatinine clearance of less than 10 units, the half-life reaches 17 hours, the drug is prescribed for dosing every two days. If the patient is prescribed hemodialysis, during the procedure the half-life of Zinnat is estimated at an average of three hours (with a deviation of an hour up and down). When prescribing Zinnat 250 mg tablets for adults who are forced to undergo hemodialysis, or for children, the doctor must prescribe this drug after the blood dialysis procedure. The patient should use an additional single dose.

Dose calculation and dosage regimen

And although in reviews of this drug, parents often write that it is prescribed to children under three months of age, there is no data on official clinical studies and therapy for such young patients. For children from three months to two years, this drug is prescribed based on the following calculation: 10 mg of cefuroxime per kilogram of body weight. Thus, a single dose is determined. The daily amount of active substance should not exceed 500 mg.

According to the instructions for the antibiotic “Zinnat” for children in suspension, the average dose for children over two years of age is 250 mg of cefuroxime per day. In the vast majority of cases of treatment of bacterial infections, this amount of the drug is sufficient for a five- or seven-day course. In severe forms of infectious diseases, an increased single dose may be required. For children aged 2 to 12 years, it is 250 mg of the active substance, which is equal to 10 ml of a diluted suspension.

Shake the closed bottle until a homogeneous substance is obtained, measure out the required amount of the drug and give it to children. “Zinnat” for babies can be used both in pure and diluted form. It is allowed to pre-mix the suspension with a small amount of juice, compote, tea, milk or artificial milk formula. However, you can only dilute a single dose, and not the entire bottle. After using the medicine, the bottle must be returned to the refrigerator. For better absorption of the active ingredients, the manufacturer recommends giving the antibiotic to the child during meals.

It is also possible to calculate the dosage based not on the weight, but on the age of the child. The required minimum amount of the drug for one dose is considered to be 10 mg of cefuroxime per 1 kg of weight, which is approximately equivalent to 2.5 ml of suspension for a child not older than six months. From 2.5 to 5 ml of syrup should be given to children no older than two years. Children of other age categories are given 5 ml of syrup every 12 hours, which is the volume of one measuring spoon. The indicated dosage is prescribed for uncomplicated infectious disease.

If there are complications, the amount of antibiotic “Zinnat” can be increased by one and a half times. That is, instead of 10 mg per 1 kg of baby’s weight, 15 mg can be prescribed, provided that the medicine is used twice a day. For example, otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis, and pyelonephritis require an increased dosage. For infants from three to six months, a single dose of the drug will be half a measuring stick. The maximum possible dosage of Zinnat for older children is two measuring spoons.

FAQ Answers to frequently asked questions

Flemoklav during pregnancy?

1st trimester. The use of a flemoclav is highly undesirable. The first months of gestation are the most dangerous period in terms of the use of drugs, especially antibiotics. The fetus is not protected, its organs are actively developing, and the penetration of antibacterial components can harm the baby

If, in the opinion of your doctor, you cannot do without an antibiotic, take it strictly under the supervision of a doctor with maximum caution. 2nd trimester. Medical prescription and monitoring during the period of use of flemoklav remain the most important conditions for antibacterial therapy in the second trimester. 3rd trimester. A relatively safe period for taking antibiotics, recognized as such at the official medical level

But the dosage is calculated by the attending physician, the doctor controls the medication intake, and the doctor monitors the patient’s condition. Self-medication is excluded during any period of pregnancy.

Is flemoklav compatible with alcohol?

As with any other antibiotic treatment, alcohol is contraindicated while taking Flemoklav. Simultaneous use will not result in death, but some organs may experience additional, unnecessary stress for the sick body.

How much does a flemoclav cost?

The cost of a flemoclav depends on the dosage of the active substance:

• 125 mg - from 290 rub.
• 250 mg - 390-440 rub.
• 500 mg - 350-430 rub.
• 875 mg - from 403 rub.

Contraindications and side effects

Zinnat is contraindicated for:

• phenylketonuria;
• hypersensitivity and tendency to allergic reactions to the components of the drug.

Tablets are not prescribed to children under 3 years of age, and the suspension is not prescribed to children under 3 months.

Caution must be exercised when prescribing medication:

• patients who have or have had a history of diseases of the digestive tract (especially ulcerative colitis);
• if the patient has renal failure;
• during pregnancy;
• during lactation.

• the appearance of candidiasis caused by fungal superinfection;
• deterioration of blood counts;
• changes in the functioning of the nervous system (dizziness, headaches);
• increased levels of liver enzymes;
• the appearance of cholestatic jaundice or hepatitis;
• digestive disorders (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea);
• pseudomembranous colitis;
• lesions of skin tissue and subcutaneous tissue (toxic epidermal necrosis, erythema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome);
• allergies (skin rashes, itching, urticaria, fever, serum sickness, anaphylactic shock).

Any negative reactions to taking the medicine should be reported to your doctor immediately.

Side effects

This drug is considered a fairly strong drug. Therefore, when taking it, certain side effects may occur. Here is a list of the main problems that a patient may experience when using Zinnat 500 mg tablets:

• diarrhea;
• vomiting, nausea;
• jaundice;
• eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia;
• in rare cases, pseudomembranous colitis occurs;
• itching;
• skin rash;
• fever;
• hives;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• erythema multiforme;
• serum sickness;
• epidermal toxic necrolysis;
• headache;
• anaphylaxis;
• positive Coombs reaction.

Most doctors highly value this drug, as it has a minimum number of contraindications. The instructions for Zinnat 500 mg indicate that it should only be taken by patients who are hypersensitive to antibiotics in the cephalosporin group.

During pregnancy and lactation, Zinnat should be taken with extreme caution. Especially while breastfeeding and in the first trimester of pregnancy. If possible, it is better to abstain from taking this medication at this time. However, experimental studies did not reveal any teratogenic or embryotoxic effects of the drug.

Children are allowed to take this medicine from the age of three months. This is what the instructions for Zinnat 500 tablets say.

Analogues and prices

Zenit has the greatest similarity with drugs of the cephalosporin group, the active ingredient of which is also cefuroxime axetil. These include drugs such as Cefuroxime, Aksetin, Zinacef and some others. Since these drugs have the same active ingredient, the principle of action, indications for use and contraindications are not very different, but the release form and dosage of antibiotics may differ. It is dangerous to replace one remedy with another without a doctor’s prescription. The cost of Zinnat in Moscow is from 233 rubles in tablets and from 285 rubles. in granules.

Structural analogues of Zinnat:

1. Cefuroxime. Powder for making a solution, intended for intravenous and intramuscular injections, can be prescribed to babies from birth, price in a pharmacy from 1200 rubles.
2. Aksetin. Powder for preparing solution for injection, from RUB 1,150.
3. Zinatsef. Dry powder for dilution, intended for parenteral administration, from 140 rubles.
4. Cephurus. Designed for intramuscular and intravenous infusion, from 122 rubles.
5. Aksosef. In tablets, price from 197 rubles.

Cephalosporins are not the only group of antibiotics that have successfully proven themselves in the fight against most known pathogenic microorganisms. There are other drugs with a similar effect, some of which can be prescribed in childhood for bacterial infections, for example, Suprax, Augmentin

It is important to know that the choice of medication, dosage and duration of treatment belongs to the pediatrician. A history of successful antibacterial therapy does not provide a reason to independently prescribe a serious drug to a child.

Antibiotics that can be used in childhood and prices:

1. Suprax. It is granules for preparing a suspension. Suprax Solutab is available in the form of dispersible tablets, from RUB 833.
2. Flemoxin Solutab. Sold in the form of lozenges, from 227 rubles.
3. Amoxicillin. Tablets, capsules, granules for suspension, from 35 rub.
4. Augmentin. Available in the form of tablets, powders for injection and syrup, from 132 rubles.
5. Sumamed. Capsules, powder for making a suspension, from 209 rubles.

Release form

A broad-spectrum antibacterial agent based on cefuroxime is available in several forms and dosages.

Tablet form:

• 125 mg – blister 10 pcs;
• 250 mg – blister 10 pcs;
• 500 mg – blister 10 pcs.

The color of the tablets is white, the shape is oval.

In the form of a suspension:

• 125 mg per 5 ml – bringing to 100 ml in liquid form;
• 125 mg in sachet form;
• 250 mg in sachet form.

The medicine is initially in the form of granules, which, when liquid is added, turn into a white liquid with a slight yellow tint. Fragrance added to give it a fruity scent.

Depending on the amount of active substance, there are three types of dosages in the antibiotic. The basis of the drug is the compound cefuroxime axetil.

The liquid form also contains stearic acid, sucrose, aspartame and xanthan gum. Additionally added food flavoring. The tablets contain hydrogenated vegetable oil, silicon dioxide, and sodium lauryl sulfate. Minor amounts of silicon dioxide and sodium compounds are present.

When using an antibiotic, it is important to take into account the individual tolerance of individual components that may be included in the composition.

How the drug works

All important information about the drug "Zinnat" is contained in the instructions for use. For children, this antibiotic is available in a convenient form - as a suspension. Cefuroxime is used in medications in the form of axetil, a precursor to the active substance itself. It has an inhibitory effect on transpeptidase, an enzyme in bacterial membranes. Also, the active component of the drug negatively affects the biosynthesis of mucopeptide, one of the components of the cell wall of microorganisms.

A special feature of cefuroxime is its resistance to the action of special bacterial enzymes - beta-lactamases. This allows the substance to be used against bacteria resistant to antibiotics such as ampicillin and amoxicillin. Thus, cefuroxime axetil is active against a wide range of bacteria. But there are also exceptions. For example, it does not work against some strains of enterococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci, and some other bacteria. Cefuroxime drugs are taken parenterally and orally.

The Zinnat suspension is taken orally in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. When taken orally, the drug enters the gastrointestinal tract, from where it is quickly absorbed and hydrolyzed by specialized esterases - enzymes involved in the digestion process. Therefore, bioavailability increases to more than 50 percent if the drug is taken after meals. The metabolism of axetil cefuroxime occurs into two components - aldehyde and acetic acid. Almost half of the active component binds to blood proteins, and the maximum concentration is reached one and a half to two hours after taking the suspension. The drug is excreted unchanged from the body through the kidneys. The half-life is about 12 hours; if there is a problem with the kidneys, this time increases.

Due to its wide spectrum of action and rapid elimination from the body—within 24 hours—the antibiotic “Zinnat” is used for children. The suspension is the pharmaceutical form that is suitable for younger patients. It has a fruity taste and aroma, which makes it more comfortable to take.

When prescribing a drug such as Zinnat (suspension), the specialist should remember that it can only be taken by children over 3 years of age. For young patients, antibiotics should be selected according to their age.

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The principle of the drug's effect

In accordance with the instructions for use, “Zinnat” is an antibiotic from the category of cephalosporins. He represents their second generation. The presented drug is very active against a large list of pathogenic organisms. It is worth saying that this medicine will be effective if the microbes are not affected by amoxicillin or ampicillin. By influencing the formation of walls in bacterial cells, the active substance cefuroxime produces a bactericidal effect.

This medication is active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, gonococcus, Proteus, various types of staphylococcus, many streptococci, Borrelia and a number of other microorganisms. But it is worth emphasizing that Zinnat will not help if the cause of the infection is listeria, along with enterococci, enterobacteria, pseudomonas, citrobacteria, legionella and some other parasites.

In addition to this medicine, some staphylococci may be very resistant, along with clostridia and other microbes, against which cefuroxime is not effective enough. In this regard, before treatment, it is advisable to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen. Moreover, we should not forget that this medicine does not act on viruses. In this regard, it is not used in the presence of influenza, mononucleosis, chickenpox and other viral infections.

“Zinnat” is suitable for children. Instructions for use are discussed below.

Sumamed

These drugs have a high antibacterial effect

It is important to note that they have different active components in their composition and belong to different groups. The effect of each drug will depend solely on the sensitivity of the microorganisms that provoked the disease, as well as on the individual susceptibility of the patient’s body

“Zinnat” or “Sumamed” - which is better?

They have different mechanisms of operation, and therefore the scheme of their administration is also different. The age limit for both antibiotics is the same - they can be used for children from 3 months.

Many people want to find analogues cheaper than Zinnat.

If we talk about effectiveness, its spectrum of action is much wider than that of Sumamed. The negative characteristics of Zinnat include the likelihood of its effect on the gastric mucosa. "Sumamed", in turn, does not cause such negative consequences. Therefore, doctors prefer to prescribe Zinnat if Sumamed is ineffective. In any case, you should consult your doctor before starting to take antibiotics. Only he is able to choose a drug that is suitable for a particular patient.

Side effects

The development of side effects after starting to take Zinnat tablets is usually not pronounced; they are reversible and disappear after discontinuation of the drug. Undesirable reactions can develop from various organs and systems:

• Liver and biliary tract - a reversible increase in the level of liver transaminases in the blood, indicating damage to hepatocytes (liver cells), rarely - hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) and cholestatic jaundice.
• Allergic reactions - skin rash, itching, urticaria (a specific rash that resembles a nettle burn). Less commonly, angioedema (significant swelling in the face and genitals), as well as a severe systemic allergic reaction in the form of anaphylactic shock (a marked decrease in blood pressure with the development of multiple organ failure) can develop.
• Digestive system – abdominal pain, nausea and occasional vomiting.
• Skin and subcutaneous tissue - erythema multiforme (the appearance of skin rashes in the form of red spots of various shapes and sizes), Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (severe skin damage with the death of its cells).
• Nervous system – headache and dizziness.
• Blood and red bone marrow - eosinophilia (increased number of eosinophils in the blood - immune cells responsible for allergic reactions), thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets) and leukopenia (decreased number of white blood cells) can develop less frequently.

If side effects develop, stop taking the drug.

Patient impressions

There are mostly positive reviews about Zinnat 500. Patients who have encountered this drug admit that it often helps with minimal negative consequences.

For example, it is prescribed after operations, which makes it possible to significantly improve the patient’s condition in the shortest possible time, no matter how severe the consequences of surgical intervention may be.

“Zinnat” helps in the treatment of bronchitis, not only in adults, but also in young patients, allowing them to get back on their feet in just a few days. Doctors choose this medicine when it is necessary to restore the health of a patient due to boils that appear after bathing. Additional problems are caused by the fact that these unpleasant manifestations on the body are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Even if there were certain doubts about the drug, they immediately disappear when the patient himself and his relatives observe how his condition improves in just a few days. In a situation with unpleasant boils, the antibiotic allows you to forget about the negative manifestations within five days.

“Zinnat” shows high effectiveness in the treatment of pyelonephritis, even when it is accompanied by a high temperature of forty degrees, and is also complicated by cystitis and bronchitis. This medicine is very convenient, since you need to drink it twice a day, and not three or four times, as happens with most other antibiotics. Relatives and patients themselves assure that it miraculously improves their condition, helping to cope with most diseases, even if they develop in parallel. Positive effects appear after the first dose. The temperature drops by at least half a degree. In the case of severe pyelonephritis, the full course of treatment reaches ten days. Moreover, there are practically no side effects - slight nausea and headache, which cannot be compared with what the patient’s condition was before, since the temperature returns to normal as quickly as possible.

Summing up their treatment, many emphasize that this is a very good and effective antibiotic, which is used for quite serious diseases.

Dosage regimen

Pills

The standard course of therapy is 7 days (can vary from 5 to 10 days). For optimal absorption, the drug should be taken after meals.

Adults

Children from 3 years old

Oral suspension

The drug Zinnat in the form of an oral suspension is recommended for use in children from 3 months. There is no experience with the use of Zinnat in children under 3 months of age.

If a fixed dose is preferred, then for most infections it is recommended to take 125 mg 2 times a day. Children aged 2 years and older with otitis media or more severe infections are prescribed 250 mg 2 times a day; the maximum daily dose is 500 mg.

When treating infants and children, it may be necessary to calculate the dose depending on body weight and age. For most infections, the dose for infants and children aged 3 months to 12 years is 10 mg/kg 2 times a day, but not more than 250 mg/day. For otitis media and more severe infections, the recommended dose is 15 mg/kg 2 times a day, but not more than 500 mg/day.

The following tables show doses depending on the age and body weight of the child for dosing the Zinnat 125 mg/5 ml suspension in 5 ml measuring spoons supplied with the package.

Dose of 10 mg/kg body weight prescribed for most infections

Dose of 15 mg/kg body weight prescribed for otitis media and more severe infections

Step therapy

Cefuroxime is also available in the form of a sodium salt (Zinacef) for parenteral administration, which allows the same antibiotic to be prescribed sequentially when switching from parenteral to oral therapy is necessary. The drug Zinnat is effective after parenteral use of the drug Zinacef for the treatment of pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

The duration of parenteral and oral courses of treatment is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical picture.

Pneumonia

The drug Zinacef (cefuroxime in the form of sodium salt) at a dose of 1.5 g 2-3 times a day (IV or IM) for 48-72 hours, then the drug Zinnat (cefuroxime axetil) orally at a dose of 500 mg 2 times /day for 7-10 days.

Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

The drug Zinacef (cefuroxime in the form of sodium salt) at a dose of 750 mg 2-3 times a day (IV or IM) for 48-72 hours, then a course of treatment with Zinnat (cefuroxime axetil) orally at a dose of 500 mg 2 times/day for 5-10 days.

Instructions for use

It is important to remember that taking any medications and antibiotics in particular must be agreed with your doctor. The course of treatment with Zinnat in tablet form most often lasts one week, but the duration of administration can be reduced at the discretion of the doctor to 5 days or increased to 10 days

For greater effectiveness, it is recommended to take tablets immediately after meals.

The course of treatment with Zinnat in tablet form most often lasts one week, but the duration of administration can be reduced at the discretion of the doctor to 5 days or increased to 10 days. For greater effectiveness, it is recommended to take tablets immediately after meals.

When treating diseases of an infectious nature in adult patients, the drug is prescribed to be taken twice a day, 250 mg. If treatment is carried out for ailments of the genitourinary system or lower respiratory system in mild and moderate form caused by infection, take 125 mg or 250 mg twice a day, respectively. If the patient has a severe form of an infectious disease of the lower respiratory system, the dosage should be increased to 500 mg. Treatment of gonorrhea in an uncomplicated form involves a single dose of medication in a dosage of 1 gram.

Therapy for Lyme disease is carried out for 20 days, during which Zinnat is taken twice a day in a dosage of 0.5 grams.

When treating children over three years of age, in most cases, the drug is taken twice a day, 125 mg. In this case, the total daily dose of the active substance should not be more than 250 mg. Treatment of infectious diseases in severe otitis media involves taking 250 mg twice a day, and the daily dose should not exceed 500 mg.

"Zinnat" in the form of a suspension can be used to treat children from 3 months. Most often, doctors prescribe 125 mg twice a day, and for otitis media and severe infection - 250 mg.

If Zinnat is indicated for an infant, the dosage must be calculated taking into account the baby’s body weight. Prescribed 10 mg of suspension per kilogram of body weight. The dosage may be increased to 15 mg if the child has a severe form of the disease.

Instructions for use of Zinnat, dosage

The standard course of therapy is 7 days (can vary from 5 to 10 days). For optimal absorption, the drug should be taken after (tablets) or during meals (suspension, sachet).

For adults, a single dose is on average 250 mg, the frequency of taking Zinnat is 2 times a day. For severe infections of the lower respiratory tract, 500 mg is prescribed 2 times a day; for mild to moderate infections - 250 mg 2 times a day.

For urinary tract infections, 125 mg is prescribed 2 times a day, for pyelonephritis - 250 mg 2 times a day.

For the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, 1 g of Zinnat is prescribed once.

Suspension (granules for dilution) and sachets. The suspension is used orally for children; it is recommended for children from 3 months of age.

In most cases, the doctor prescribes a dose of 125 mg 2 times. per day. Children after reaching the age of two when treating otitis media or severe infectious diseases are advised to take 250 mg twice a day, but not more than 500 mg per day.

After dissolving the suspension in the vial, it should be stored at a temperature of 2–8°C for no more than 10 days. The sachet must be used immediately after dissolution. Granules or prepared suspension must not be mixed with hot liquids.

Powder for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration (IM, IV or orally). Adults are prescribed 750 mg intravenously and intramuscularly 3 times a day; for severe infections, the dose is increased to 1500 mg 3-4 times a day (if necessary, the interval between doses can be reduced to 6 hours). The average daily dose is 3-6 g. Children are prescribed 30-100 mg/kg/day in 3-4 doses.

Features of application

If the clinical result is not achieved within 72 hours from the start of treatment, the parenteral course of therapy should be continued. The duration of both parenteral and oral treatment is determined by the severity of the infection and the patient's condition.

Zinnat should be prescribed with extreme caution to patients with hypersensitivity to pecicillin antibiotics and other beta-lactamases.

How to take Zinnat

The drug is intended for oral administration. The dosage is influenced by the type of disease, the patient’s age, and his state of health. For most infections, adults take 125-250 mg twice a day, one tablet after meals. The exception is borreliosis and severe infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, when the dose increases to 500 mg.

Children are given the suspension with meals. The dosage in this case is influenced by body weight and age. The average dosage is 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, twice a day, but the maximum dose should not exceed 250 mg per day.

The duration of the standard course of therapy is about 7 days, sometimes it increases to 10 days.

How to breed

The packaging of the granules is a dark glass bottle sold in a cardboard box. To prepare the suspension, proceed as follows:

• shake the bottle several times;
• Boiled water is poured into the measuring glass supplied with the preparation to the 20 ml mark;
• pour this volume into a bottle, close it with a lid, turn it over and shake vigorously so that the granules are mixed with water;
• return the bottle to its original position and shake again.

Now the suspension is ready, it must be taken in the dosage prescribed by the doctor.

What parents say about this product

You can find a lot of reviews about the antibiotic “Zinnat”. This drug is well known to parents, as it is widely used in pediatric practice. Doctors prescribe it to children of all ages for inflammation of the respiratory tract and ENT organs.

In their comments, users confirm that relief occurs very quickly in children, so there is no doubt about the effectiveness of the antibiotic. Most parents never had a chance to find out what the side effects of Zinnat are. Children, as a rule, tolerate treatment without deterioration in well-being - at least, there is no mention of this in the reviews.

According to some parents, the main advantage of Zinnat over existing analogues is its release form. The syrup is simple and easy to prepare; there are no difficulties in determining the exact dose for the child. Calculating the required amount of antibiotic will not take much time, since all the necessary information about this is contained in the annotation.

Children like the suspension because it is sweet and smells good. Even if the baby refuses to take the medicine, it can be diluted in milk or juice. Based on reviews, children do not notice the presence of the suspension in their usual dishes and drinks. But as a rule, there is no need to dilute the syrup - children drink the medicine with pleasure.

Buyers of Zinnat also note a couple of shortcomings. The main disadvantage of this product is its relatively high cost. One bottle of antibiotic with granules for diluting syrup costs about 300 rubles, but in order to complete a full course of antibiotic therapy for a severe infectious disease, not one, but several packages of the drug may be required. The maximum duration of use of Zinnat based on cefuroxime is 20 days.

In general, there is no doubt about the doctor’s prescription of the antibiotic discussed in the article. "Zinnat" is a truly effective and safe syrup. If finances do not allow you to purchase this particular medicine, you do not need to buy another drug yourself. You should talk to your pediatrician about selecting a suitable analogue.

Indications for use of the drug

Zinnat can be prescribed for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases, the pathogens of which are sensitive to the active substance of the drug - cefuroxime. The drug is prescribed by a doctor after a mandatory examination of the child and review of the medical history. Self-prescription of medication and uncontrolled use are not permitted.

Zinnat has proven himself well in the treatment of pathological conditions:

• diseases of the ENT organs, such as sinusitis, acute tonsillitis (tonsillitis), sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, etc.;
• infectious lesions of the lower respiratory tract - pneumonia of bacterial etiology, exacerbation of chronic diffuse inflammatory process in the bronchi (bronchitis), acute bacterial bronchitis;
• diseases of the genitourinary system, such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, cervicitis, gonococcal infection (gonorrhea);
• purulent skin lesions, such as pyoderma, furunculosis, impetigo, as well as wound infections, including operating rooms;
• Lyme disease - treatment of early stages and prevention of late stages of borelliosis in persons over 12 years of age.

Interoperability and Compatibility

Various drugs that reduce gastric acidity (for example, antacids) reduce the bioavailability of cefuroxime, therefore

Zinnat

should be taken on an empty stomach or a couple of hours after meals.

The drug, like all antibiotics, affects the intestinal microflora, which reduces the reabsorption of estrogens. For women, this is of great importance, since the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives decreases.

Any aminoglycoside taken concomitantly with

Zinnat

, although it increases its effectiveness, it also increases the possible nephrotoxic effect

This also occurs when taken simultaneously with diuretics, which should be taken into account by the attending physician.

In addition, with the simultaneous use of loop diuretics, renal clearance decreases and the concentration of the antibiotic in the blood plasma increases.

With alcohol

Ethanol slows down the absorption of cefuroxime, so

Zinnat

Do not take with alcohol.

Pharmacokinetics

After the drug is ingested, it is quickly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and then hydrolyzed in the human intestinal mucosa. The same process occurs in the blood, which is when cefuroxime is released into the systemic circulation.

Absorption of the suspension of the main substance “Zinnat 500” is accelerated by food, so it is recommended to take the medicine immediately after a meal. It is worth noting that when using the suspension, the rate of absorption of cefuroxime is lower than when taking tablets. That is why the medicine is used infrequently in this form.

It is important that, once in the body, cefuroxime does not undergo biological transformation. The kidneys excrete it unchanged through tubular secretion and glomerular filtration.

During pregnancy and lactation

There is no official information yet on how the drug affects the developing fetus, so doctors do not prohibit the use of this antibiotic if the expectant mother has good reasons for taking it. If the benefit for the woman outweighs the likely risk for the baby, Zinnat is prescribed from the second trimester.

Given the penetrating properties of cefuroxime, it is not advisable to take the antibiotic in suspension or tablets during breastfeeding. If there is an urgent need to use Zinnat, you should temporarily replace natural feeding with artificial feeding, but at the same time regularly express milk to maintain lactation.

Operating principle

The antibiotic Zinnat has a therapeutic effect on the organs of the respiratory system. The main active ingredient is axetil cefuroxime (250 mg in terms of cefuroxime), is well absorbed into the blood and absorbed by the intestines. In addition to the main substance, the antibiotic has auxiliary components, such as sucrose, sweeteners, flavors, acids, etc. The action of Zinnat for children applies to such bacteria as:

• Gr+ aerobes (staphylococci, streptococci);
• Gr - aerobes;
• Gr+ and gr- anaerobes;
• Strains of bacteria resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin;
• Staphylococcus aureus.

Antibiotic Zinnat has antiseptic and antibacterial properties, is able to destroy bacteria and suppress their reproduction. Concentrates in the blood after 2-3 hours. It is excreted naturally by the kidneys. The drug has a cheap analogue - Suprax, the price of which is lower and the indications for use are similar.

Contraindications for use

“Zinnat” in any pharmacological form is strictly contraindicated for use if the patient has an individual sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics (if there is a history of sensitivity to penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins).

“Zinnat” is contraindicated for children under three years of age.

The suspension should not be prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity to aspartame or phenylketonuria. The suspension is also prohibited for use in the treatment of children from birth to three years.

Zinnat should be prescribed with caution if the patient has diseases of the digestive tract (including those noted in the anamnesis), ulcerative colitis, impaired renal function, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Many people are wondering what to replace “Zinnat” with? More on this later

Many people are wondering what to replace “Zinnat” with? More on this later.

special instructions

When this antibiotic has been used for a long time, a person may experience increased reproduction of resistant pathogenic organisms. Most often this will require immediate completion of treatment.

It is no secret that the use of anabiotic agents quite often leads to the appearance of diarrhea. And the drug “Zinnat” is no exception. So patients who take this medicine need to be aware that they may develop pseudomembranous colitis.

As medical practice has proven

When Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics, patients may experience Jarisch-Herxheimer syndrome. According to experts, it is the result of the bactericidal effect of the drug on the causative agent of the disease - Borrelia burgdorferi. To ensure that the patient does not spontaneously stop taking the drug, the doctor should explain to him that this is a very common and common consequence of treating Lyme disease with antibiotic drugs. After a certain period of time it goes away on its own.

When the drug "Zinnat"

was prescribed to a patient with diabetes, it is imperative to take into account that the suspension contains sucrose. In this case, it is best to replace this form of the drug with another. For example, you can choose powder or tablets.

If a medicine in the form of a suspension was prescribed to a child to treat a certain disease, you need to know that it should be done with warm, not hot water.

Pharmacodynamics

Cefuroxime axetil is considered a precursor to cefuroxime, which is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefuroxime is active against a wide range of pathogens, including strains that produce β-lactamases.

Cefuroxime is resistant to bacterial β-lactamases and is therefore useful against ampicillin-resistant or amoxicillin-resistant strains.

The bactericidal effect of cefuroxime is associated with the suppression of bacterial cell wall synthesis as a result of binding to the main target proteins.

Cefuroxime is often active in vitro against the following microorganisms.

Gram-negative aerobes: Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including strains that produce and do not produce penicillinase); Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp.

Gram-positive aerobes: Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains, but excluding methicillin-resistant strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (including penicillinase-producing strains, but excluding methicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus pyogenes (and other beta-hemolytic streptococci), Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae).

Anaerobes: gram-positive and gram-negative cocci (including species of the genera Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp.), gram-positive rods (including species of the genus Clostridium spp., except Clostridium difficile, Propionibacterium spp.), gram-negative rods (including Bacteroides spp. and species of the genus Fusobacterium spp. .), gram-negative spirochetes (including Borrelia spp.).

The following microorganisms are insensitive to cefuroxime.

Clostridium difficile, Pseudomonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Legionella spp.

Some strains of the following genera are insensitive to cefuroxime.

Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp., Bacteroides fragilis.

pharmachologic effect

The active substance of Zinnat, cefuroxime, is highly resistant to bacterial lactamases, and is most effective against a wide range of pathogens, including amoxicycline-resistant and ampicillin-resistant strains.

The bactericidal effect of cefuroxime is due to the suppression of the synthesis of bacterial cell walls as a result of binding to target proteins. After oral administration, the antibiotic Zinnat is slowly absorbed from the digestive tract, quickly hydrolyzing in the mucosa of the small intestine and blood to release cefuroxime.

The active substance penetrates the placenta, the blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk. The maximum concentration of cefuroxime in blood plasma is observed 2-4 hours after oral administration. The substance does not undergo metabolic processes and is excreted unchanged by the urinary system.

By

Side effects, overdose

Side effects of Zinnat are rare and mild. Most often, negative consequences occur in cases of uncontrolled use of the drug in violation of the prescribed dosage and non-compliance with treatment periods. Starting treatment on your own without first examining the child by a pediatrician can lead to a deterioration in the patient’s health. Long-term use of the drug may increase the population of certain bacteria, in which case cefuroxime therapy should be discontinued.

Negative effects include:

• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, nausea, diarrhea, less often - vomiting, in isolated cases - pseudomembranous colitis;
• candidiasis;
• dizziness, headache;
• serological changes: increased eosinophils and liver enzymes ALT, AST and LDH, leukopenia, thrombopenia, increased prothrombin time;
• allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching, extremely rarely - anaphylactic shock; with parenteral administration, serum sickness may occur;
• rarely - jaundice;
• There are isolated reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, and Lyell's syndrome.

To reduce the negative impact on the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to accompany the use of antibiotics with probiotics, such as Linex, Enterozermina, Lactobacterin, etc. Probiotics can be taken from any day of treatment with Zinnat, as well as after completion of antibacterial therapy. The duration of the course is determined by the doctor.

special instructions

Caution should be exercised when prescribing the drug to patients with a history of an allergic reaction to beta-lactam antibiotics. During treatment, it is necessary to monitor renal function, especially in patients receiving the drug in high doses.

During treatment, it is necessary to monitor renal function, especially in patients receiving the drug in high doses.

While taking Zinnat, a false-positive urine reaction to glucose is possible.

As with other antibiotics, long-term use of Zinnat can lead to overgrowth of Candida fungi. Long-term use may cause the growth of other resistant microorganisms (Enterococcus and Clostridium difficile), which may require discontinuation of treatment.

Pseudomembranous colitis has been observed with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and the differential diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis should be considered in patients with severe diarrhea that occurs during or after a course of antibiotic treatment.

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was observed in borreliosis (Lyme disease) when taking the drug Zinnat and is due to the bactericidal activity of the drug against the causative agent of the disease, the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Patients should be informed that these symptoms are a typical consequence of antibiotic use for this disease.

If the clinical effect is not achieved within 72 hours from the start of treatment, the parenteral course of therapy should be continued.

Before starting step therapy, you should consult available references regarding cefuroxime sodium salt (Zinacef).

Zinnat tablets should not be broken or crushed. Therefore, this dosage form is not used to treat patients with swallowing difficulties, incl. small children who cannot swallow a whole tablet.

The sucrose content in the Zinnat suspension should be taken into account when treating patients with diabetes mellitus.

5 ml of the prepared Zinnat suspension contains 0.25 bread units (XE).

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

Since cefuroxime axetil may cause dizziness, patients should be warned to take precautions when driving or operating machinery.

Use of suspension for children

A measuring cup is used to dilute the granules. Boiled, non-hot water is filled into it up to the 37 milliliter mark. After shaking the medicinal granules, water is poured into them, the bottle is closed and turned over. The bottle needs to be shaken vigorously for about fifteen seconds, and then turned over and shaken a little more.

Before use, measure the required volume of medication with a dosage spoon. If the child does not like the taste, the drug is mixed with fruit juice or a small amount of milk before use. But you cannot add hot liquid to the suspension.

The drug is prescribed twice after meals. The dosage for children over two years of age is usually 5 milliliters. It is worth noting that from this amount of suspension the child receives 125 milligrams of cefuroxime. If a small patient has otitis media or has one or another serious infection, the single dosage is increased to 250 milligrams (two tablespoons of suspension). Thus, the child receives 500 milligrams of cefuroxime per day.

For children under two years of age, the dose is often calculated by weight. A similar definition of a single dosage of a medicine is often used for children over two years of age. To make the calculation, the baby’s body weight in kilograms is multiplied by ten, and in case of severe infections by fifteen. The resulting number indicates the amount of cefuroxime in milligrams that should be given to the child per dose.

What dosage to choose for a child, according to the instructions for use for Zinnat tablets (250 or 125 mg)?

Release form, composition and packaging

White or almost white, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablets, with “GXES5” engraved on one side; on a cross section, the core is white or almost white.

Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose - 47.51 mg, croscarmellose sodium - 20 mg, sodium lauryl sulfate - 2.25 mg, hydrogenated vegetable oil - 4.25 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide - 0.63 mg.

Film shell composition: hypromellose - 5.55 mg, propylene glycol - 0.33 mg, methyl parahydroxybenzoate - 0.06 mg, propyl parahydroxybenzoate - 0.04 mg, opaspray dye - 1.52 mg (hypromellose 3%, titanium dioxide 36%, sodium benzoate 0.1%).

5 pieces. - blisters (1) - cardboard packs. 5 pcs. - blisters (2) - cardboard packs. 10 pcs. - blisters (1) - cardboard packs. 10 pcs. - blisters (2) - cardboard packs.

White or almost white, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablets, with “GXES7” engraved on one side; on a cross section, the core is white or almost white.

Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose - 95.03 mg, croscarmellose sodium - 40 mg, sodium lauryl sulfate - 4.5 mg, hydrogenated vegetable oil - 8.5 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide - 1.25 mg.

Film shell composition: hypromellose - 7.4 mg, propylene glycol - 0.44 mg, methyl parahydroxybenzoate - 0.07 mg, propyl parahydroxybenzoate - 0.06 mg, opaspray dye - 2.03 mg (hypromellose 3%, titanium dioxide 36%, sodium benzoate 0.1%).

5 pieces. - blisters (1) - cardboard packs. 5 pcs. - blisters (2) - cardboard packs. 10 pcs. - blisters (1) - cardboard packs. 10 pcs. - blisters (2) - cardboard packs.

Granules for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration in the form of grains of irregular shape, of various sizes, but not more than 3 mm, white or almost white; when diluted, a white to light yellow suspension with a characteristic fruity odor is formed.

Excipients: stearic acid - 852 mg, sucrose - 3.062 g, tutti-frutti flavor - 100 mg, acesulfame potassium - 21 mg, aspartame - 21 mg, povidone K30 - 13 mg, xanthan gum - 1 mg.

1.25 g - dark glass bottles (1) complete with a dosing spoon and measuring cup - cardboard packs.

The description of the drug is based on the official instructions for use and approved by the manufacturer.

Drug interactions

Drugs that reduce gastric acidity may reduce the bioavailability of cefuroxime when compared with that observed after taking the drug on an empty stomach, and also neutralize the effect of increased absorption of the drug after meals.

Like other antibiotics, Zinnat can affect the intestinal microflora, which leads to a decrease in the reabsorption of estrogens and, as a result, to a decrease in the effectiveness of oral hormonal combined contraceptives.

When performing a ferrocyanide test, a false negative result may be observed, therefore, it is recommended to use glucose oxidase or hexokinase methods to determine blood and/or plasma glucose levels.

The drug Zinnat does not affect the quantitative determination of creatinine by the alkaline picrate method.

Concomitant use with loop diuretics slows down tubular secretion, reduces renal clearance, increases plasma concentrations and increases T1/2 of cefuroxime.

Coadministration of cefuroxime and probenecid results in an increase in AUC by 50%.

When taken simultaneously with aminoglycosides and diuretics, the risk of nephrotoxic effects increases.

Interaction with other drugs

In adult women and girls, the ability of the drug to influence the intestinal microflora can reduce the reabsorption of estrogens, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of oral hormonal contraceptives. Simultaneous administration of cefuroxime with probenecid prolongs the time of its maximum concentration in blood plasma. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity increase the time of intestinal absorption of the antibiotic. Concomitant use with loop diuretics reduces renal clearance and increases the level of cefuroxime in the blood.

Efficacy for sinusitis

The wide spectrum of action of Zinnat makes it possible to use it for bacterial sinusitis. It is prescribed when penicillin therapy is ineffective and when the disease is severe.

The advantages of using this drug for sinusitis are its high efficiency, good tolerability, the possibility of use in childhood and a minimum of contraindications.

Before starting therapy, it is advisable to perform a bacterial culture to determine the sensitivity of pathogenic microbes to this drug. Zinnat does not have the desired effect on enterococci, Proteus, and resistant strains of staphylococcus, so for diseases caused by them there is no point in taking this antibiotic.

According to patient reviews, a noticeable improvement occurs after 2-4 days of daily use of the medicine.

Use of Zinnat in infants

Every parent worries about the well-being of their child. Particularly in a situation where therapy is carried out using antimicrobial agents. Most experts believe that when Zinnat is prescribed in the correct dosage, and treatment is started on time, only positive changes will be noticeable.

However, there are the following requirements:

• The suspension is prepared only in accordance with the instructions. Store the finished product out of reach of sunlight and in a cool place.
• The period of use of the drug reaches 10 days after manufacture.
• To achieve the greatest effect, doctors recommend following strict instructions regarding use.
• You should not change the dose yourself in favor of increasing or decreasing. The intervals between doses are the same.

The drug in liquid form is approved for use by children from 3 months. A child over 3 years old can take medicine in the form of tablets, but only in a situation where the baby is able to swallow them himself.

Release and indicators for use

This antibacterial medicine is produced in two versions:

• Tablets containing 0.125 and 0.25 grams of Cefuroxime;
• Granules for preparing a suspension solution yourself at home, and the concentration of the main ingredient is measured in 0.125 grams.

The whole spectrum of bacteria against which this antibiotic is directed is described above. This means that Zinnat is equally successful against diseases caused by the listed harmful microorganisms.

The medication is used for infectious lesions of the ear-nose-throat system, and therefore for patients with otitis media, tonsillitis (an acute form of tonsillitis), pharyngitis, and sinusitis.

Damages caused by pathogenic infections of the respiratory canals, producing the disease bronchitis with its aggravated chronic forms, pneumonia.

Diseases of the urinary complex, for example, those suffering from cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.

Skin lesions, for example, with boils or pyoderma. Lyme disease. Other ailments, the root cause of which is gonococcus.

Analogues of the drug

The drug "Zinnat" is a rather expensive medicine, its average price is about 400 rubles per pack of 10 tablets. For this reason, and also if there are any contraindications to taking Zinnat, patients are often interested in what analogues of Zinnat can be replaced, and whether it has cheaper analogues.

Since Zinnat is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, it has plenty of analogues. Thus, analogs for the main active ingredient are: “Proxim”, “Cetyl Lupin”, “Xorim”, “Cefurabol”, “Ketocef”, “Cefurosin”, “Zinoximor”, “Cefuroxime”, “Zinacef”, “Cefuroxime Kabi” , “Acenoveriz”, “Cefuroxime sodium”, “Antibioxime”, “Cefuroxime axetil”, “Axosef”, “Cefurus”, “Aksetin”, “Super”. The cheapest of them is Zinacef, its cost is approximately three times less than the cost of Zinnat.

In terms of purpose and effect, “Zinnat” has the following analogues: “Ampiox”, “Macropen”, “Fluimucil”, “Ceftriaxone”, “Suprax”, “Sumamed”, “Cedex”, “Augmentin”, “Flemoxin”, “Klacid” ", "Euroxim", "Zotsef", "Axef", "Kimatsef", "Cefoktam", "Baktilem", "Yokel", "Xorim",

In essence, all of the listed Zinnat analogues are antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action and can be replaced with each other depending on the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Description of the dosage form

Zinnat belongs to the group of second-generation cephalosporins. In total there are four generations of them. Their difference lies in the spectrum of impact. The effort of each type is observed when moving from one category to another. The antibiotic has high activity against many bacterial agents. In addition to all this, the active substance is active against microbes that produce beta-lactamase. Suspensions and tablets from the cephalosporin group are prescribed if bacteria are resistant to ampicillin or amoxicillin. Cefuroxime can destroy:

• E. coli;
• hemophilus influenzae;
• gonococci;
• klebsiella;
• protea;
• Staphylococcus aureus;
• epidermal staphylococcus;
• pyogenic streptococcus;
• pneumococcus;
• peptococcus;
• gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which belong to the group of bacteroides and fusobacteria; Borrelia.

But the drug cannot cope with pseudomonads, listeria, legionella, enterococci. Also, the active substance is not effective against specific strains of Clostridia, Staphylococcus and Proteus. Therefore, before prescribing the medication, it is necessary to undergo a test for the susceptibility of the pathogen to cefuroxime.

Zinnat for otitis media is prescribed to eliminate the bacterial infection and prevent further spread of the inflammatory process. The medication is available in two forms: suspension or tablets.

Capsules are approved for use in children over three years of age. They are oval-shaped and whitish in color. The top is covered with a shell. One tablet contains 125 or 250 milligrams of the active substance in the form of cefuroxime. The suspension is prescribed to babies from three months. A solution is prepared from granules that are placed in a dark glass bottle. The product also comes with instructions and a measuring spoon.

In appearance, the granules resemble small grains that have different diameters up to three millimeters. After adding water, a suspension is formed. It may have a white or light yellow tint. Has a pleasant fruity smell. There are 125 milligrams of active substance per 5 milliliters of the finished suspension. For taste, sucrose, aspartame and acesulfame potassium are added to the composition.

Antibiotics: their effectiveness, benefits and effects

Antibiotics are prescribed for sinusitis when the human body is unable to cope with a viral infection on its own over a long period of time. In this case, the inflammatory process continues actively, which entails the risk of severe complications. Antimicrobial therapy is designed to solve this problem, since its task is to destroy infectious agents, prevent their further reproduction and penetration into other organs and systems of the body.

There are many types of antibacterial drugs that are used for inflammation of the maxillary sinuses: these are macrolides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, etc. Zinnat, which is also often prescribed by otolaryngologists, belongs to the second generation cephalosporin antibiotics. As you know, this is one of the most common groups of antibiotics that have a beneficial effect in getting rid of sinusitis. The drug is incompatible with the consumption of alcoholic beverages and can irritate the mucous membranes quite strongly, but nevertheless it is considered a very effective remedy for preventing inflammation in the paranasal sinuses.

Most often, for sinusitis, antibiotics are prescribed, which destroy the causative agents of infection.

Are there any contraindications?

Quite often, a medicine such as Zinnat (an antibiotic) is used in the treatment of infections and inflammatory diseases. The instructions for children and adults stipulate cases when taking the medicine is not recommended. This:

• hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics, including the group of cephalosporins, penicillins and carbapenems;
• hypersensitivity to aspartame, which is part of the suspension to give the finished medicine a sweet taste;
• phenylketonuria.

Since the drug penetrates the placental barrier and into breast milk, it is not recommended for use in the treatment of bacterial infections by pregnant and breastfeeding women. The antibiotic “Zinnat” (suspension) should not be used to treat children under three years of age. It is forbidden to take an antibiotic with cefuroxime for bleeding, especially those localized in the gastrointestinal tract. Weakened and exhausted patients cannot take this medicine.

Zinnat doctor reviews

Zinnat

Zinnat (Cefuroxime) is not a first-line drug in the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract and urinary organs in children.

In my practice as a pediatrician, I often come across Zinnat. Despite a rational approach to the choice of antibacterial therapy in children, general resistance cannot be reversed, so reserve drugs are increasingly used.

In children who are often sick, starting with aminopenicillins is not advisable due to ineffectiveness; frequent use results in high resistance, even in the protected version (with Clavulanate or Sulbactam). Then I use macrolides (except Azithromycin) or 2-3 generation cephalosporins. Zinnat is a worthy representative of second-generation cephalosporins, which is why he is prescribed.

A convenient form of release in the form of a suspension and capsules of 125 and 250 mg for oral administration expands the doctor’s ability to prescribe this drug. The suspension has a dosing spoon, which completely eliminates the possibility of accidental overdose when the powder is properly diluted to prepare the finished form. It is necessary to dilute the powder with water. room temperature, to avoid damage to the active substance.

However, it is worth remembering that Zinnat is not harmless.

To date, the role of Cefuroxime (the active substance of Zinnat) in the occurrence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) has been proven. Namely, this drug is in 4th place on the list of antibiotics that cause AAD. Such diarrhea is dangerous for the development of persistent disruption of the intestinal biocenosis in a child with the formation of disturbances in the process of food digestion and general metabolism. Unfortunately, we had to observe such children.

Considering all of the above, Zinnat is a reserve drug that is easy to use. However, one should not forget about its effect on the intestinal microbiome and it is necessary to immediately take measures to level them out: stop taking Zinnat completely or, when the first signs of diarrhea begin while taking this drug, start a course of effective probiotics.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Immediately after taking the medicine orally, it is slowly absorbed in the digestive tract. Cefuroxime axetil is rapidly hydrolyzed, resulting in the release of cefuroxime in the blood and small intestinal mucosa. The substance can penetrate the placenta, the blood-brain barrier, and enter breast milk. The medicine is absorbed optimally if taken immediately after a meal.

If the medicine in the form was taken at the recommended time, then after 2-4 hours the maximum level of its concentration in the patient’s blood is observed. When taking Zinnata suspension after a meal, the maximum concentration of cefuroxime is observed after 2-3 hours.

Cefuroxime binds to blood proteins by 33-50%. The substance is not metabolized in the body.

The half-life is 1-1.5 hours. The substance is excreted by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The serum concentration of the active component decreases during dialysis. Let's consider the indications for the use of Zinnat.

Side effects

Side effects can manifest themselves in different organs and systems, it depends on what exactly is being fought against and in which organ the pathogen is located. Variants of body reactions:

• Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea.
• Increased activity of liver enzymes, hepatitis, jaundice.
• Cramps.
• Hearing loss, headache, drowsiness.
• Fever, anaphylaxis.
• Hives, itching, skin rash.
• Dysbacteriosis, vaginosis, nephritis.
• There is a risk of excessive growth of bacteria that are not susceptible to the drug. For example, many patients complain of thrush.

Important! The drug may affect the central nervous system and cause dizziness, so there is a risk of slowing down the reaction rate. It is not recommended to drive a vehicle or work with mechanical devices during therapy.

Overdose is possible if the permitted daily dose of Zinnat is exceeded. This will cause brain damage, neurological consequences, seizures and even coma. There is also a risk of such reactions if the dose is not adjusted for people with kidney pathologies. Help for the patient - hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Indications

The instructions for use contain a fairly large list of indications for the use of Zinnat. The main indications for the use of an antibacterial drug are the following diseases:

• Various respiratory infections.
• Pathologies of ENT organs.
• Infections of the genitourinary system.
• Meningitis and sepsis.

Zinnat is often prescribed for tonsillitis in adults and children. This drug has a pronounced antibacterial effect, so after just a couple of days of taking it, the patient’s condition improves and he is on the mend.

If the patient has severe kidney disease, the dosage of the drug is reduced.

Analogs

If you encounter side effects of the drug Zinnat, stop taking it and buy an analogue of the drug.

Augmentin

One of the best analogues is the antibiotic Augmentin. Its main component, amoxicillin, tends to destroy bacterial walls, and clavulanic acid blocks the effect of microorganisms on the antibiotic. As an analogue of Zinnat, the antibiotic Augmentin affects most infectious diseases (diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary, cardiovascular systems, ENT diseases, gastrointestinal tract). Like Zinnat, the antibiotic Augmentin comes in the following forms: tablets, suspension and powder.

Suprax

The cheap analogue of Zinnat Suprax belongs to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics and selectively acts on bacterial cells. Suprax is used mainly to treat infections of the respiratory tract and genitourinary system. For children, the antibiotic is calculated based on body weight - 8 mg/kg. An analogue is available in the form of tablets, suspensions or capsules. The dosage of Suprax is calculated by the doctor. Suprax is prescribed to children in the form of a suspension or syrup. Side effects are nausea, dizziness, vomiting. Not recommended for pregnant women.

Ketoceph

Ketocef is a strong antibiotic of the cefuroxime group. It has an antimicrobial effect, acts on gr+ and gr- microflora. The price is average, the forms are tablets, powder, suspension. Indications for use are the same as for Zinnat and its analogues.

Zinnat's analogs

Analogs for the active substance and therapeutic effect are:

• Cefuroxime;
• Cefutil;
• Bactilem;
• Cefuxime;
• Zinacef;
• Aksef;
• Ascetin;
• Proxim;
• Ketoceph.

Plisov Vladimir, doctor, medical observer

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Description

Cefuroxime in Zinnat is the main active ingredient. Auxiliary ingredients include: hydrogenated vegetable oil, dye, food additive (emulsifier E-551), stabilizer (E-466). In the second generation antibiotic of the cephalosporin group, the substance is in the form of cefuroxime acetyl. Shows high activity against:

• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• salmonella;
• clostridia.

The antibacterial agent treats a number of diseases. The drug Zinnat is slowly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, at which point cefuroxime is released.

The active substance inhibits the growth of bacterial membrane cells. This is possible due to binding to proteins against which the action of bacteria is directed. The percentage of binding to plasma proteins is from 30 to 50 percent.

The antibiotic Zinnat has two forms of release:

• tablets (Zinnat 250, Zinnat 125);
• granules for preparing Zinnat suspension.

The tablets are covered with a white coating that resembles a thin film. The shape is a biconvex oval. Available in 5 or 10 pieces in blister packaging. A cardboard pack holds 1-2 packages.

The granules look like grains of semolina with jagged edges. Color varies from white to light beige. The liquid dosage form has a fruity odor. The granules are available in tinted glass bottles with a plastic cap. A spoon with measuring divisions is packed in a cardboard box.

Pharmacological properties

"Zinnat" (150 and 250 mg) is a 2nd generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is intended for oral administration. The drug has a bactericidal effect , disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. The product has a very broad spectrum of action. It should also be said that the drug is resistant to the action of major beta-lactamases.

Effective against bacteria and infections

Most often, the drug "Zinnat" (150 and 250 mg) is prescribed for aerobic gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus (including strains resistant to penicillin). remedy is also against pneumococci, pyrrolidonyl peptidase, whooping cough and group B streptococci.

In addition, this medication is often prescribed for the treatment of gram-negative aerobic bacteria (Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, ampicillin-resistant strains, Haemophilus influenzae and Providencia spp.).

It should also be mentioned that the antibiotic “Zinnat” is quite effective against salmonella, meningococci, gonococci, etc. In addition, it should be noted that methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria, Pseudomonas SPP., Campylobacter SPP are resistant to the active component of the drug. etc.

Based on research, when combining the active substance of a drug with antibiotics that belong to the group of aminoglycosides, patients may experience an additive effect, and in some cases, synergism.

General description of the drug

Zinnat belongs to the second generation cephalosporin antibiotics and has a wide spectrum of action. It has a detrimental effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, destroying their membrane.

The active substance of the drug is cefuroxime. This substance is active against most bacteria that cause diseases of the respiratory and ENT organs, including some strains that are resistant to the penicillin group.

The drug is very quickly absorbed in the intestine and almost completely enters the bloodstream. The best absorption of the drug is observed when taking food at the same time. The maximum concentration of the antibiotic in the blood will be approximately 2.5 hours after administration.

Zinnat is available in the form of tablets of 125 mg and 250 mg of the active substance, as well as in the form of granules for preparing a suspension. The latest form of the drug is designed for children; 5 ml of the finished suspension contains 125 mg of the active substance.

The shelf life of tablets and granules for preparing a suspension is 2 years. The prepared suspension is stored in the refrigerator for no more than 10 days, after which time it is considered unusable.

Zinnat penetrates well into the placental fluid and breast milk, so the drug is prescribed to pregnant and lactating women with great caution.

Contraindications

The drug Zinnat has contraindications:

• hypersensitivity;
• bleeding;
• allergic reactions to penicillins;
• phenylketonuria (suspension);
• children up to three months (suspension);
• from three months to three years (tablets).

With caution:

• functional kidney disorders;
• gastrointestinal diseases (including a history of ulcerative colitis);
• pregnancy;
• lactation period.

Compound

The composition of the medication in tablet form includes the main active ingredient axetil cefuroxime in the amount of 125 mg and 250 mg in the appropriate dosage of the drug. In addition to the active component, auxiliary components are used in the manufacture, such as: hydrogenated vegetable oil, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, croscarmellose sodium, MCC.

The main component in Zinnata granules for suspension is also cefuroxime axetil. The following additional substances are used: xanthan gum, povidone K30, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucrose, stearic acid, flavoring.