Alopecia areata in women: causes, treatment and prevention

• What is alopecia areata
• What are the causes of alopecia areata?
• What are the symptoms of alopecia areata
• How is alopecia areata diagnosed?
• What is the treatment method for alopecia areata

The occurrence of a disease such as alopecia areata depends on many reasons, but its external signs are the same for men and women. In any case, we are dealing with an autoimmune process, when there is a “war” between the body’s own cells, and specifically, in the hair follicles. The disease is also accompanied by neurotrophic and microcirculatory changes that affect hair growth. Many experts are of the opinion that the risk of developing this pathology is only 1.7%, and it is not contagious. What do you need to know about the signs and forms of alopecia areata?

How does alopecia areata manifest in women?

Alopecia areata already by its name explains that damage to this disease occurs locally, and not throughout the scalp. Cluster-type baldness is characterized by the formation of one or more round or oval-shaped lesions. The skin at the site of the bald spot does not differ in color, does not itch, and there are no rashes on it.

In most cases, alopecia areata in women does not cause discomfort. The initial period of the disease is characterized by very rapid and profuse hair loss in a specific area. If the disease is concentrated in a small area of ​​the head, it usually goes away on its own and does not require therapy. If several bald patches form at once or a relapse occurs, you should consult a doctor.

In men, women and even children, the disease manifests itself in the same way: there is continuous hair loss in a certain area. Several bald spots can form, and if appropriate treatment is not carried out, they can grow and join together.

Main symptoms of the disease:

• smooth surface of the skin, on which in some cases a barely noticeable fluff is visible;
• there is an inflammatory process in the area of ​​hair loss;
• the bald area becomes oval or round in shape;
• very rarely there is itching at the site of hair loss;
• the affected skin turns red and wounds form on it;
• the hairs become very brittle and this causes areas to form as if they had been shaved.

Read material on the topic: Diffuse alopecia in women - causes, symptoms and treatment methods

Prevention

Every woman dreams of maintaining thick and shiny hair for many years. To prevent the development of alopecia, you need to follow simple recommendations:

1. If there is a hereditary predisposition, visit a trichologist to diagnose the condition of the hairline.
2. Avoid aggressive procedures such as perm or frequent coloring.
3. Treat diseases of the skin and internal organs in a timely manner.
4. Avoid chronic stress.
5. Do not overcool or overheat the scalp (wear a hat in the cold season, do not visit baths and saunas with your head uncovered).
6. Buy a quality comb that will not pull out hair.
7. Adhere to a healthy lifestyle.
8. Choose suitable products for daily hair and scalp care.

If you notice intense hair loss or a change in their structure (they become brittle, dull), then you need to pay special attention to your diet and additionally take vitamin complexes for skin, hair and nails.

Alopecia areata and other types of baldness

The photo of alopecia areata in women presented below demonstrates the stages of development of this disease.

Alopecia areata in women manifests itself in one of the following forms:

1. Local. Areas of the oval contour where excessive hair loss occurs are identified.
2. Ribbon-shaped. It is one of the most unfavorable forms of the disease. A painful lesion, on which almost no hair grows, runs from the back of the head to the temples and resembles a ribbon shape.
3. Subtotal. At the initial stage, it is expressed by small lesions, which women carefully hide. But after some time, the disease progresses, the lesions become larger and connect.
4. Total. It is a uniform loss of hair over the entire surface of a woman’s head; loss of eyelashes and eyebrows can also be observed.
5. Universal. Hair loss occurs throughout the body. This form of the disease can develop over decades, affecting new and new areas. It happens that hair grows in previously bald areas, but at the same time new pathological foci form. From time to time, short-term remissions occur, which almost always result in relapses. A woman experiences unpleasant sensations in the first months of the disease, then during an exacerbation they are practically absent.
6. Alopecia areata. The pathological process of hair loss occurs very quickly, and the nail plates are involved in it. This type of disease is a complicated form that is difficult to cure.

Read material on the topic: Mixed alopecia - causes and treatment methods

Causes

There are many reasons leading to alopecia in women. But all their diversity can be divided into two large groups:

• hereditary;
• purchased.

If one of the family members had alopecia, it may appear in the next generation - in such cases it is difficult to change anything. Acquired alopecia includes hormonal, toxic, and symptomatic alopecia in women.

Causes of toxic alopecia in women include:

• chemotherapy;
• improper use of medications and chemicals.

There are many reasons for hormonal alopecia in women:

• ovarian pathology;
• various diseases of the thyroid gland;
• pregnancy and childbirth;
• taking hormonal contraceptives;
• hormonal disruptions in a woman’s body as a result of constant stress and strain;
• menopause.

The causes of symptomatic alopecia in women are the following:

• frequent stress and depression;
• hypovitaminosis and vitamin deficiency;
• unbalanced diet;
• infections.

Sometimes home hair treatments lead to alopecia. This occurs after repeated curling with a curling iron or tongs, constant use of hot curlers, and hair straighteners. Various chemical compositions for curling, regular use of large amounts of hairspray, and hair dye are especially harmful to hair.

Stages of alopecia areata in women

There are the following phases of the disease:

Phase No. 1. Progressive. Characterized by swelling of the skin in areas where hair is almost completely absent. Hyperemia almost always occurs, and inflammation may occur. There are complaints from patients about severe itching, tingling and burning sensations. There are very short hairs near the place where complete baldness occurred.

There is accelerated hair loss in areas adjacent to bald patches. In most cases, women notice this sign of baldness while combing, but it happens that it is detected when touching the hair. Hair follicles have a dystrophic shape, indicating problems.

Phase No. 2. Subacute. This stage is characterized by the rare appearance of foci of inflammation, which are quickly replaced by others. There may be no inflammatory reactions at all. In areas of baldness, pale skin and absence of areas with short hair lengths are observed.

Phase No. 3. Regression. On bald patches, hair growth occurs, which has a fine structure. In most cases they are light, then undergo pigmentation. Their appearance improves as they grow.

If alopecia areata in women is mild, there is no deformation of the nails. Signs of mild dystrophy of the nail plate are observed in less than 20% of affected women.

The nested and universal forms affect the nails of almost all patients. They become more fragile, ribbing appears in the structure, and a wavy pattern appears along the edges.

We can talk about the chronic course of the disease if typical symptoms appear for six months or more.

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Symptoms of alopecia areata

Causes of alopecia areata in women

The origin of alopecia areata in women and the reasons for its appearance are almost impossible to establish accurately. However, there is a list of factors that can affect the onset of this disease:

1. Heredity. Everyone knows that many diseases are transmitted this way. If there has been a tendency for excessive hair loss in the male line, there is a high probability of baldness in their children.
2. Autoimmune processes. This is the case when the cells of the immune system themselves block hair growth or destroy it. However, the therapy that is used does not produce positive results, so this reason has not yet been proven.
3. Infectious diseases. Serious illnesses that a woman has suffered can cause hair loss on all parts of the body. Various fungal infections of the skin can also cause this deviation.
4. Stress. There are patients whose bald spots began to appear as a result of suffering a moral shock.
5. Injuries and cuts. There are cases when a person hits his head and damages his hair and severely injures the follicles, which can subsequently shed hair.

Read material on the topic: Why hair falls out: 10+ possible reasons

Diagnosis of alopecia areata

First of all, the disease can be diagnosed by an external examination of a person’s hair, and it can be confirmed using a dermatoscope - a powerful magnifying glass combined with a light source.

To clarify the causes of alopecia areata, tests and studies are prescribed:

• A scraping from the scalp, which reveals the presence of fungal infections.
• Determination of the presence of inflammatory processes using general and biochemical blood tests.
• Checking blood for possible infection with HIV infection and syphilis.
• Detection of hormonal disorders based on the results of hormone analysis.
• Carrying out trichoscopy, which helps to evaluate the structure of the hair and dermal cells.
• Spectral research allows you to clarify which vitamins and minerals are missing for proper nutrition of the body.

Diagnosis of alopecia areata in women

In most cases, an experienced specialist, after examining a woman, can immediately determine the type of alopecia. He may use a dermatoscope to confirm the diagnosis. In any case, the first step is to scrape the areas of hair loss to rule out lichen and other similar diseases. If a woman has signs of other diseases, for example, lupus or syphilis, then a blood test is also necessary.

After passing the tests, you also need to undergo an examination by related specialists to exclude diseases accompanied by alopecia areata:

• from a neurologist - to exclude the influence of psychological trauma and nervous stress;
• from an endocrinologist - in order to reduce the influence of the thyroid gland;
• at the pediatrician - exclude pneumonia, chickenpox, helminthiases;
• from a gastroenterologist - omit vitamin deficiency, gastroduodenitis.

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Development of pathology

The disease begins immediately after the end of the anagen phase. Typically, the transitional stage is typical for women who gave birth about a month ago. In this case, the defect is caused by hormonal imbalance.

When the anagen phase ends abruptly, giving way to a resting stage in most follicles, even large strands of hair may fall out.

Note! The telogen effluvium variety of the disease we are considering often accompanies disorders in the functioning of internal organs. If you find out what the true cause of the disease is, you will be able to cope with alopecia, and your hair will return to its normal state.

It is important to find out the true cause of this problem

The anagen type of diffuse alopecia is of a non-hormonal nature. In this case, hair begins to fall out due to exposure to radiation and excess vitamin A in the body. The listed factors affect the thickness of the shaft (it decreases), and because of this the hair cannot grow.

Baldness can be:

• strip-shaped;
• nest-shaped;
• in the O shape - loss occurs along the parting.

Hair loss in the crown area is also possible.

This type of alopecia initially involves the loss of hair that is at rest. As the disease develops, it spreads to other strands.

Anagen type of diffuse alopecia is also distinguished

Treatment of alopecia areata in women

Alopecia areata in women cannot be completely cured on your own at home. Treatment can only be prescribed by a trichologist after determining the cause of baldness.

To fix the problem, a comprehensive approach is required, including:

• adjustment of immunity;
• providing a local irritating effect, which is aimed at increasing blood microcirculation;
• the use of physiotherapeutic methods of therapy;
• antiviral drugs.

To completely get rid of alopecia areata, a course of treatment is required that lasts at least two months. Usually, focal baldness completely disappears after six months - this time is enough for the hair to grow back.

Women subject to frequent nervous shocks should definitely use sedatives and B vitamins when treating alopecia areata.

Drug treatment for alopecia areata consists of:

1. Taking immunomodulators;
2. Using local remedies that dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation;
3. Taking a complex of vitamins.

Immunomodulatory drugs are required to be used in any case, for any cause of the disease. If alopecia areata in women appears due to infection or fungus, then taking specialized medications is additionally indicated.

Improving local blood circulation is an important measure for hair restoration. Having determined the causes of baldness, the doctor can prescribe drugs that have vasodilating properties: nicotinic acid, pepper tincture. In addition, specialized serums and lotions may be prescribed, which must be rubbed into the bald spot.

The most widely known drugs that are used to regenerate the structure and quality of hair:

• tablets “Pantovigar”, “Minoxidil”, “Nutricap”;
• vitamins “Vitrum Beauty”, “Merz”;
• Folten Pharma products.

Vitamin complexes for hair in the treatment of alopecia areata in women are also prescribed by a doctor without fail. The dosage is calculated by a specialist based on the cause of the disease and the patient’s intake of additional medications. Taking vitamin complexes is the easiest way of drug treatment. In this case, vitamin B6 must be present.

Physiotherapy for alopecia areata also effectively combats baldness in women.

Physiotherapeutic methods make it possible to:

1. Dilate blood vessels and increase blood supply to the roots;
2. Raise local immunity;
3. Activate inactive hair follicles.

The course of treatment includes 10–15 procedures, which should be carried out daily or every other day.

Physiotherapeutic treatment comes in several types:

• hair cryotherapy;
• electrophoresis;
• darsonvalization;
• iontophoresis;
• galvanization;
• massage.

Selecting the appropriate method of physiotherapy is possible only after identifying the cause of baldness.

Cryotherapy is based on the use of liquid nitrogen to locally freeze defective areas of the scalp. It works pointwise, but over the entire diameter of the baldness area. During the procedure, the walls of blood vessels are strengthened, blood circulation is improved and dormant bulbs are activated. This method is completely painless.

Cryotherapy can effectively cope with alopecia areata in women in a short period of time. The only drawback of this treatment is the destruction of the hair structure. This occurs under the influence of nitrogen - healthy hair loses water and becomes brittle, so this method of treating alopecia areata should be carried out in combination with additional measures to nourish and strengthen the curls.

Electrophoresis and iontophoresis are two similar methods of physiotherapeutic treatment based on the effects of current. In this case, a medicine is applied to the bald patch, which, together with current pulses, penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis. Typically, doctors use nicotinic acid, which is known for its ability to dilate blood vessels and increase blood circulation.

Galvanization is also based on current exposure, but with this method the scalp is heated. As a result of the formation of heat, metabolic processes in skin cells are accelerated, blood circulation returns to normal and the functioning of the thyroid gland is improved.

The most accessible and no less effective method of eliminating alopecia areata in women is darsonvalization. Its main advantage is its accessibility, because darsonvalization can be carried out independently at home. The Darsonval device is sold in any pharmacy. The set includes glass nozzles of various shapes and purposes. To eliminate alopecia areata in women, a fungus-shaped attachment is needed.

The darsonvalization procedure is simple: you need to connect the device to the network and perform a massage with a fungus attachment for 10 minutes. The drug helps restore hair follicles and activate blood circulation. The course of treatment consists of 15 procedures.

A scalp massage performed by a professional also helps to successfully get rid of baldness. The procedure should be carried out exclusively in a specialist’s office. The duration of the massage is approximately half an hour, and the doctor affects the area of ​​baldness and the cervical-collar area.

Contraindications: presence of cancer and infectious diseases, pacemakers, pregnancy.

If all methods of combating alopecia areata in women do not bring positive results, then the patient may be prescribed a hair transplant. This is a surgical method that is used for severe forms of the disease. Such operations are carried out exclusively in specialized medical centers. You can learn more about alopecia areata in women, its treatment and reviews about it from any available information sources.

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What can cause alopecia?

The etiology of some types of alopecia is not fully understood. For this reason, the disease is recognized as multifactorial. The disease can occur after prolonged intoxication, against the background of stressful situations, as a result of injuries, etc. Sometimes it develops due to unfavorable heredity. The cause of baldness can also be hormonal imbalances and severe infectious diseases.

The most interesting hypotheses of scientists

Since the disease is multifactorial and some types of this disease are a mystery to modern medicine, a variety of hypotheses arise about the reasons for their occurrence. Some researchers believe that the anatomical structure of the head plays an important role in this issue. Some experts confidently claim that alopecia is a hereditary disease, almost always transmitted from parents to children.

Scientists have found that in people suffering from baldness, in 85% of cases there is pronounced tension in the tendons that connect the frontal muscle to the occipital muscle. This leads to skin tension, which disrupts metabolic processes in the follicles. For this reason, baldness begins.

A popular theory is that alopecia occurs due to a lack of microelements in the body: zinc, calcium, iron, etc. It is also argued that vitamins play an important role. Their deficiency can also lead to premature hair loss.

Modern women's fashion stands apart. Ladies actively use various hair dyes, perms, and other cosmetics. Most of them harm the scalp, making it dry and brittle. Even many shampoos advertised on TV are harmful. All this leads to hair dystrophy.

Of course, all these hypotheses have some basis. However, they are not the main cause of the pathology, but in combination with other factors they can lead to alopecia.

Ways to accelerate hair growth after alopecia areata in women

There are various ways to restore hair after alopecia areata in women. Let's take a closer look at what folk remedies are used to treat.

Aloe juice

Aloe juice is endowed with biologically active substances and is a strong stimulant. It’s not difficult to get it: you need to cut a few leaves, wash them, then cut them into pieces of any shape and mash them. The resulting juice must be rubbed into the scalp and left for 2 hours, then rinse your hair with warm water. You need to remember that the most effective remedy is one that was prepared from a plant that has reached three years of age.

Nicotinic acid for hair

The principle of action of nicotinic acid (using the example of nicotinic acid for hair from Renewal):

1. Activates dormant hair follicles;
2. Stops hair loss;
3. Endowed with keratin-restoring effect.

As a result of applying nicotinic acid to the scalp, the following processes occur that affect hair growth:

• the vessels of the peripheral network become wider;
• blood circulation improves;
• the supply of oxygen and microelements to the hair follicles is accelerated;
• internal metabolic processes in the hair roots occur faster.

All of these processes stop massive hair loss and stimulate new hair growth. A secondary effect of nicotinic acid is its participation in maintaining healthy hair pigmentation.

Mask with Panthenol

D-Panthenol is a pharmaceutical product containing a substance that in a woman’s body turns into pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). D-Panthenol has a restorative effect, is used for the rapid healing of burns, cuts, bedsores, and is also an assistant for patients who suffer from dermatitis, furunculosis and other skin diseases.

D-Panthenol exists in the following forms: shampoo, cream, ointment, spray and gel. The last two types are widely used as scalp masks, which help speed up hair growth. A spray or gel, for example, should be applied to the roots of wet, clean hair and left for 10–15 minutes, then rinsed. Treatment of hair along the entire length allows you to smooth it and eliminate static electricity.

The use of D-Panthenol is limited for people who suffer from bronchial asthma, because spraying the spray can trigger an attack. Also, the active ingredient D-Panthenol can penetrate the placental barrier, so pregnant women are allowed to apply it only to very small areas of the skin.

Rinse with cold water. The effect of contrasting temperatures has a positive effect on the blood supply to the scalp and activates dormant hair follicles. So it is recommended to rinse your hair with cool (but not cold!) water. You can carry out this procedure after washing your hair, applying a mask or conditioner.

Apple cider vinegar rinse

With constant use of apple cider vinegar, hair growth increases, hair elasticity increases, shine appears, and combing becomes easier. Also, adding acid to the rinse water helps completely remove detergent residue.

You can get a very good hair rinse by dissolving apple cider vinegar in cool water in a ratio of 1 tbsp. spoon of vinegar per 1 liter of water. The resulting product is also used to fix hair color. For this purpose, brunettes and brown-haired women are recommended to supplement each liter of solution with a glass of rosemary decoction, and blondes - with chamomile decoction.

You should not rinse this natural rinse out of your hair: apple cider vinegar does not have a strong, intrusive aroma. Hair treatment with vinegar rinse is carried out once every two weeks. The most effective way is to use homemade vinegar.

Egg white nourishes the scalp, accelerates hair growth and prevents the occurrence of alopecia areata in women. Preparation of the mask: beat the whites of two eggs into a weak foam, then apply the resulting mass to the entire surface of damp hair. To increase effectiveness, you can wrap your head in a towel. After 10 minutes, rinse off the mixture with water at room temperature. You should make a mask no more than once a week. A positive result is observed after 3-4 procedures.

Egg-cognac mask

It strengthens the scalp and hair roots. Preparation: take 2 eggs and 30–40 ml of cognac. The mixture should be lightly whisked, then rubbed into the scalp, and after 15 minutes, rinse with cool water. Adding two teaspoons of olive oil to this mask will make your hair manageable and elastic.

Mask with essential oils

A mixture of equal parts of essential oils of jojoba, rosemary, lavender, thyme and almond, which is diluted with any vegetable oil in a ratio of 1:10, has a positive effect on the hair follicles. This mask is applied to the head and left for two hours. To completely remove this composition, you will need a well-foaming shampoo.

Spice mask

Ginger, cinnamon, mustard and hot red pepper activate hair growth by warming the scalp and stimulating peripheral blood flow.

The following compositions have the greatest effect: a mixture of alcohol tincture of red pepper and vegetable oil in equal proportions (oil can be replaced with liquid concentrate of vitamin A or E); pepper tincture, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2; two tablespoons of dry mustard powder mixed with an identical amount of water, one yolk and two tablespoons of sugar.

For dry hair, you can add one tablespoon of vegetable oil or full-fat kefir to the mask; colorless henna with the addition of a pinch of cinnamon; a mixture of one glass of kefir, two teaspoons of vegetable oil, two yolks and a quarter teaspoon of dry ground ginger root.

All masks that contain spices, to varying degrees, cause a burning sensation. This effect is typical for compositions with red pepper and dry ginger. The irritating sensations of heat from mustard masks are directly proportional to the amount of sugar added to them (the more sugar, the higher the pungency). For this reason, these products should be selected based on individual tolerance; they should be applied exclusively to the hair roots.

It is recommended to keep this mask for 20–40 minutes (until the burning becomes severe). You need to rinse off with cool water. If the mask contains fatty components, you must use shampoo.

All of the above methods are aimed at treating alopecia areata in women at home.

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Classic symptoms

As you know, hair must go through the following development phases:

• anagen;
• catagen;
• telogen

The first phase involves the division of cells responsible for hair growth and coloring. At this time, a rod is formed and pigment is produced.

The second stage lasts for half a month. It is during this period that maximum hair growth occurs.

The last phase involves stopping all of the above events. The hair no longer grows, gradually dying. It is worth noting that the telogen phase does not affect the processes occurring in the follicle. Another hair is formed, displacing the old one, and all stages are repeated.

There are several stages of hair growth

The disease in question is characteristic of the telogen or anagen phase. This is where the classification of pathology comes from.

The pathology is characterized by a too rapid change from the stage of follicle division to the resting stage. Such events cause the stem to separate from the bulb. Because of this, hair loss occurs.

Important ! If a person is healthy, then approximately 15% of the follicles are in the telogen state. However, when such alopecia occurs, the figure can reach up to 80%.

In diffuse alopecia, most of the hair is in the telogen state.

Is it possible to completely cure alopecia areata in women?

It is quite difficult to completely get rid of alopecia areata in women. The etiology of the disease is very important. Let’s say that temporary hair loss due to vitamin deficiency or a fungal infection is completely cured in a short time. If you have a hereditary form of alopecia or baldness that is caused by stress, it is very difficult to overcome the disease, even using medications.

In general, alopecia areata does not affect a woman’s ability to work; the psychological factor plays an important role. Many people lead a closed lifestyle due to the disease, which puts even more psychological pressure on the person and leads to a worsening of the pathology.

In order to avoid such problems, alopecia areata should be prevented.

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Symptoms and signs of baldness

With androgenetic alopecia , the most common form of baldness, the clinical picture differs slightly between the sexes.

In men, who suffer from baldness much more often, the frontotemporal region is initially affected (with the formation of the classic "thinning" of the hair) and the top of the scalp, however, the pattern of "thinning" of the hair can vary from person to person. It almost always begins in early youth ( about 30 years old) and progresses rapidly.

In women who suffer to a lesser extent and often in combination with conditions of hormonal imbalance that lead to a decrease in estrogen activity in favor of androgens (pregnancy, menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome, oral contraceptive use), thinning usually begins in the central areas of the head (crown, forehead , see photo below). Baldness develops more slowly in the female half, but gradually progresses.

Often, but not usually, androgenetic alopecia is accompanied by increased sebum secretion (seborrhea) and fine flaking of the skin (dandruff).

In two forms of miasma , where the most striking phenomenon is an increase in the number of hairs shed daily, thinning can affect any area of ​​the head and is usually widespread, it begins gradually or suddenly and develops abruptly or chronically depending on the cause (stress, systemic diseases, medications, exposure to toxic substances, etc.).

Prevention of alopecia areata in women

If you notice excessive hair loss, make an appointment with a trichologist and find out the reason. The best prevention of alopecia is to eliminate the cause of hair loss, especially if we are talking about the appearance of signs of internal diseases. Stress can lead to alopecia, so timely consultations with a psychologist when necessary, as well as taking sedatives, are very important.

Avoiding low-quality shampoos and conditioners that contain aggressive chemicals that promote hair loss can also be considered a prevention of alopecia areata. A very good preventative measure is to rub castor or burdock oil into the scalp weekly immediately before washing it.

If there is a problem with hair loss, it is not recommended to style with a hairdryer, curling iron, or hot tongs; you should not use curlers that weaken the hair follicles. Sudden temperature changes that occur when leaving a room outside without a hat have a negative impact on hair. A significant role in the prevention of alopecia areata in women is played by proper nutrition on a regular basis, thanks to which the follicles are provided with all the necessary vitamins and microelements.

To prevent worsening alopecia, you should consume B vitamins at regular intervals, as well as mineral complexes that contain iron, zinc, and calcium; it is not recommended to use hot styling products or use a comb with rounded teeth.

A good prevention of focal baldness is regular massage of the scalp, which helps to increase blood microcirculation, as well as periodic courses of using special medicinal strengthening shampoos.

Measures to prevent alopecia areata in women must be taken during pregnancy and (if there is a genetic predisposition) during adolescence.

For workers in chemical production and other hazardous industries, preventing alopecia is very important, since there is a possibility of damage to the scalp with the formation of scar tissue, because the follicles in this place can no longer work.

How do preventive measures against baldness work? Prevention of hair loss is based on strengthening the hair follicles, which are capable of producing healthy hair, as well as preventing external damage to the scalp.

One of the main measures to prevent alopecia areata in women is the general health of the body, because the well-established functioning of the digestive system helps supply the hair roots with vitamins and minerals, the psychological stability of a woman ensures the normal functioning of the nerve endings that are adjacent to the hair follicles, and the health of the cardiovascular system determines energetic microcirculation of blood in the scalp.

Hair loss tends to increase in the spring, when the scalp is too tired from heavy and tight hats, and the body suffers from a lack of vitamins and minerals. In addition, weakened immunity contributes to the exacerbation of most internal pathologies that can provoke the development of alopecia areata in women.

For this reason, with the arrival of spring, it is recommended to take as much care of your hair and scalp as possible, avoid traumatic perms, dyeing procedures, regular hot styling, eat well and take multivitamin complexes.

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Baldness: causes

In fact, hair loss is a completely normal process, that is, natural. There is nothing to worry about if your hair loss during the day is around 50-100 hairs. Another question is if the number of losses exceeds the specified interval, in this case it is better to consult a doctor.

The causes of baldness can be very different, let’s highlight the most common options:

• the presence of hormonal disorders;
• diabetes;
• long-term chronic poisoning, intoxication of the body (including those caused by the specifics of professional activity);
• the transfer of serious diseases when treated with antibiotics;
• the presence of tumor formations (regardless of their nature, that is, whether they are malignant or benign);
• the presence of certain gastrointestinal problems, excessive enthusiasm for diets;
• avitaminosis;
• pregnancy (baldness in this case will most likely be local);
• climate change;
• prolonged exposure to stressful situations;
• hereditary predisposition (baldness in this case can develop at any age, be it during puberty, before puberty or in adulthood).

The identified factors may determine some features of baldness:

• Rapid loss of a significant amount of hair (literally within 3-7 days) can be caused by severe intoxication or poisoning of the body, for example, due to exposure to heavy metal salts. The main therapeutic measure in this case should be removing toxins from the body, protecting the liver and restoring the immune system. Toxins are removed from the body by intravenous infusion of detoxifiers, as well as by taking enterosorbent drugs. Hair restoration in such cases occurs within the next few months after recovery.
• Hair falls out over a long period of time, along the entire surface of the scalp. This type of baldness is mainly caused by long-term use of certain medications (immunomodulators, analgesics, antibiotics, etc.). Therapy aimed at comprehensive restoration of the body can also help with hair restoration. It is also important to provide adequate care for the hair itself, and rub certain products into the scalp, the effect of which allows you to increase blood flow to the scalp (pepper tincture can be considered one of these options). You should take zinc preparations internally. The average recovery time in such cases is about six months or more.
• The development of focal baldness (circular, patchy) is often caused by a general disruption of the blood supply to the hair follicles, as well as their innervation, and this occurs against the background of current problems in the cervical spine. This combination requires consultation with a neurologist, who, in turn, can prescribe massage and physiotherapy courses.

Medicines and poisonings that affect baldness

Among the toxic causes of loss, one should first of all highlight poisoning with thallium, arsenic, and mercury. In case of thallium poisoning, characteristic changes occur in the hair structure, visible when examined under a microscope.

Baldness appears 2 weeks after taking the poison, hair loss is almost complete, and regrowth, provided health is restored, occurs after 6-8 weeks.

Patients taking cytotoxic drugs may experience thinning hair, and sometimes even complete baldness, especially in the scalp area. Hair on other parts of the body does not fall out.

Cytostatic (antitumor) drugs, in addition to baldness, can cause changes in the structure of the hair, for example, the Paul-Pincus symptom.

Localization

Often alopecia develops on the scalp, showing locality. Baldness is less commonly noted in the area:

• eyebrows;
• groin;
• armpits;
• beards;
• eyelashes

Total baldness is characterized by hair loss throughout the entire body. Scientists attribute this to genetic, hormonal and immune disruptions.

Photo: Alopecia. Baldness. Causes and treatment in men and women

What is alopecia

Alopecia (from Latin alopecia “baldness, baldness”) is pathological hair loss, which leads to its disappearance on the head or body. Under normal conditions, the hair on the head consists of 100-150 thousand hairs, which are distributed with a density of 200-400 pcs/sq.cm.

The life development of hair occurs in a cyclical manner.

• Anagen is the stage of growth, active division of epidermal cells and melanocytes that produce melanin. Cell division increases pressure inside the hair follicle and leads to keratinization (keratinization) of the tissue. The hair follicles are nourished through the blood vessels in the hair papilla.

Together with the blood, hormones (androgens) also enter the follicles, lengthening the stage of active growth. Hair is one of the fastest growing tissues in the human body. Up to 80% of hair shafts are in this stage; it lasts 4-5 years.

• Catagen is a transitional stage when cell division gradually stops and the hair follicle shrinks. The hair papilla atrophies, so cells without incoming nutrition stop dividing.

• Telogen is the stage of rest and death, the hair follicle separates from the hair papilla and gradually moves to the surface of the skin. And around the hair papilla, another hair follicle begins to form so that the process of hair germination resumes. 50-150 hairs fall out per day; episodic hair loss is possible with intensive use of styling products or combing.

If there is noticeable hair loss or thinning, or the appearance of individual bald spots, you should contact a trichologist for a detailed diagnosis. Several types of alopecia are most common.

• Androgenic – male-pattern baldness, thinning, hair loss in the frontal and parietal region with further spread to the entire head. This is the most common case of alopecia, affecting more than 90% of balding men.

• Diffuse (symptomatic) - uniform hair loss throughout the head due to a disruption in the cycle of hair development and growth. It manifests itself as a result of deviations in the functioning of the whole organism, therefore it is also called symptomatic.

• Cluster (focal) – hair loss due to damage to the cells of the root system by the immune defense. Manifests itself in the form of one or several limited areas of baldness.

• Scarring is irreversible damage to the hair follicles at the site of the scars, where connective tissue scars have formed.

Trichotillomania (traumatic alopecia) is caused by mechanical hair pulling, sometimes as a result of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Such cases are treated together with a neurologist and psychotherapist.

Alopecia due to ringworm, psoriasis, seborrhea, various dermatitis or autoimmune diseases is treated as a result of complex therapy of the underlying disease.

Androgenetic alopecia

Typically, “male” baldness is caused by androgens - these are steroid hormones responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in men. Androgens act through the cells of the hair papilla, which is an intradermal area with capillaries and nerves that nourishes the hair follicles. Inside the hair papilla, androgens influence receptors on which paracrine factors depend.

Testosterone in the composition of androgens enters the cells of the root zone, where, under the influence of a special enzyme, it is converted into dihydrotestosterone. This slows down or stops the release of substances necessary for the division of hair stem cells and the normal state of the extracellular matrix. The lack of paracrine factors leads to a stop in the reproduction of follicles and hair germination.

The skin becomes thinner and drier as blood flow and oxygen supply are reduced. The follicles end up at a depth of up to 1 mm and do not receive the necessary nutrition. Whereas in their usual form they are adjacent to the choroid and nerve plexuses at a depth of 3-4 mm.

The hair on the head gradually becomes thinner and shorter, loses its natural color, barely noticeable bald patches expand, and in a few months of years they can transform a person beyond recognition. Over 8-10 years, the mouths of the follicles are completely blocked by connective tissue, and even the appearance of vellus hair stops.

Diffuse alopecia

There are various forms of diffuse alopecia:

• anagen – occurs when there is a negative effect on the body, when hairs fall out at the anagen stage, which is provoked by dangerous factors (poisoning with poisons, radiation exposure, chemotherapy).

• telogen - hair follicles fall out prematurely at the telogen stage and stop reproducing new hair, this can happen for many reasons (hormonal imbalances, nervous stress, exacerbation of infectious diseases, long-term treatment with antibiotics, antidepressants or other medications), diets or poor nutrition also lead to lack of vitamins and minerals and cause diffuse baldness.

After the cessation of the harmful effects of diffuse alopecia, the normal condition of the hair is restored within a year. After eliminating the cause, stimulants are used for their faster growth.

Alopecia areata

It has different stages of manifestation according to the number of affected areas: subtotal, total and universal alopecia. In the final stages, hair loss begins throughout the body, which indicates the systemic development of an autoimmune disease.

With the active entry of genes that ensure immunological compatibility, protein compounds are produced that provoke changes in the immune system. This can be affected by viral diseases, vaccinations, nervous stress, and various medications.

To treat alopecia areata, corticosteroids are used in various forms (tablets, injections, ointments). The drug 1-Chloromethylsilatrane and a similar cosmetic drug Mival are registered in the Russian Federation; the American drug Minoxidil is often used. In addition, treatment is carried out with Anthralin (a nonspecific immunomodulator), retinoids (structural analogues of vitamin A).

Scarring alopecia

It occurs as a result of irreversible damage to the skin due to infections of various etiologies, traumatic or surgical effects. Any deep wound or burn leaves scars, at the site of which, due to the connective tissue, hair growth stops. To eliminate local baldness, a surgical method is used: either the affected area is removed, or healthy follicles are transplanted to this place.

Diagnostics

If you think your hair is falling out too much, consult a trichologist as a matter of urgency. To fully study the problem, you will need to visit an endocrinologist, psychologist or gastroenterologist - after all, it is necessary to identify the cause of baldness.

If you suspect such a pathology, you should contact a trichologist.

The ways to correct the disease depend on the results of the tests and examination that you undergo. In general, the diagnosis is as follows.

1. Various blood tests. With their help, the patient’s health status is assessed, existing inflammations are detected in a timely manner, and the state of immunity is determined.
2. Study of hormonal levels. They evaluate the functioning of the thyroid gland, ovaries, and adrenal glands.
3. Allergy tests. They are needed to identify other possible defects that may cause baldness.
4. Ultrasound examination of the genital and endocrine organs. This way you can find out where the inflammation is localized.
5. Immunogram. Necessary for HIV diagnosis.

You need to take certain tests

You should also have your stool tested. Perhaps the body suffers from the influence of worms - their vital activity disrupts metabolic processes. And this, in turn, provokes alopecia.

Causes of alopecia

Treatment of the disease largely depends on the causes of alopecia . However, it is classified as a multifactorial pathology, since it is very difficult to determine in each specific case why the hair begins to fall out so completely and quickly. The most common factors provoking this disease include:

• heredity;
• congenital diseases (cutaneous aplasia, ichthyosis, pigment incontinence);
• discoid form of systemic lupus erythematosus;
• autoimmune diseases (sarcoidosis, scleroderma, amyloidosis, dermatomyositis, cicatricial pemphigoid) - autoimmune alopecia ;
• necrobiosis lipoidica due to metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus;
• lichen planus;
• fungal skin infections;
• folliculitis;
• seborrhea ( seborrheic alopecia );
• tumors of skin appendages;
• skin cancer;
• injuries, damage, purulent inflammation of the scalp;
• avitaminosis;
• stress conditions ( psychogenic alopecia );
• circulatory disorders;
• diseases of the digestive system;
• long-term use of certain medications;
• poisoning with chemicals (mercury, bismuth, borates, thallium);
• radioactive radiation;
• radiation therapy;
• hormonal imbalances ( hormonal alopecia ).

In most cases, alopecia of the head is an unpleasant consequence of some serious internal illness. But in this case, it can be treated if you undergo a therapeutic course of the underlying disease. Everything is much worse if it is caused by heredity - in this case, the forecasts are most often very disappointing. Based on the symptoms and causes of hair loss, a large number of alopecias are distinguished.

Origin of name. The term came to modern medicine from ancient languages: in Latin “alopecia”, in Greek “alopekia” - baldness, baldness.

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Medical Treatments for Hair Loss

If natural remedies fail to stop hair loss, the doctor may decide on drug therapy, or, in more severe cases, resort to hair transplantation.

Hair loss medications

Drug treatment for hair loss is used only in very severe cases of baldness, and among the most commonly used drugs are:

• Finasteride: Used to treat androgenetic alopecia.
• Minoxidil: Also used for androgenetic alopecia.
• Ketoconazole: an antifungal drug. May be used to treat androgenetic alopecia or alopecia associated with seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff.
• Dithranol: Used to treat many types of alopecia, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear.

Transplantation and experimental treatments

If these drugs do not give satisfactory results, you can think about hair transplantation or the use of experimental drugs:

• Hair transplantation can be performed if there are areas on the scalp that are not affected by baldness.
• Experimental treatments involve the use of stem cells for transplantation at the level of the dermal papillae, a structure involved in the growth of the hair follicle.

As we can see, hair loss is a phenomenon that, within certain limits, refers to natural physiological processes, but in case of excessive hair loss, you should seek help from a specialist who can find the most suitable treatment method.

Treatment of alopecia

The principles of treatment are:

1. Eliminating contributing factors by normalizing sleep, work and rest schedules, prescribing sedatives and antidepressants, proper nutrition and eliminating foci of chronic infection.
2. Prescribing zinc preparations, vitamins with microelements, amino acid metabolites and noootropics (Cerebrolysin, Nootropil) by administering them orally, as well as locally using mesotherapy, ion and phonophoresis.
3. Improving blood microcirculation and metabolic processes in the affected areas with the help of drugs Curantil, Aminophylline, Trental, Doxium, Heparin ointment, Solcoseryl, etc. Physiotherapeutic agents (Darsonval currents, microcurrent and laser therapy, various types of massage), local use of irritants are also recommended (irritant) agents.
4. The use of immunomodulators (Inosiplex, Levamisole, Timopentin) and immunosuppressants (PUVA therapy).
5. Local application of glucocorticoids to suppress autoimmune aggression. For malignant forms, they are used orally in the form of tablets or injections. Pulse therapy with Prednisolone or Triamcinolone has proven effective in many cases of common forms of alopecia areata.
6. Using a hair growth biostimulator (Minoxidil).

For scarring and, in most cases, malignant forms of alopecia areata, the only treatment option is surgical transplantation of viable follicles.

Treatment

The treatment approach depends on the cause of hair loss. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe hormonal drugs or other medications. In any case, the therapy is designed to get rid of exactly the reason why your hair began to fall out.

What medications are used?

Usually, in the first stages of correcting baldness, products that have a positive effect on the blood supply to the scalp are used. The most common are special lotions, oils, masks, gels and balms with a high content of alcohol, zinc and ether.

At the initial stage of the pathology, patients are prescribed drugs and agents that have a positive effect on blood circulation

In the future, people are prescribed selenium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper - usually these elements are part of vitamin complexes. Also recommended are vitamins PP, A and C, group B - 6, 1 and 12 (using injections).

Note! If the therapy has no effect, the drugs Minoxidil, Aminexil or Trisaccharide are prescribed.

"Aminexil"

Sometimes it is advisable to use herbal preparations, but their use requires taking into account the specifics of the patient’s body, the tolerance of the components, and the current season.

Very often, the very fact of hair loss is a huge stress for a person. And as we have already found out, constant experiences are a factor in the occurrence of alopecia. Therefore, various sedative medications may be additionally prescribed.

To enhance hair growth, use such products.

1. "Minoxidine." This drug has a positive effect on blood circulation, so the hair roots are enriched with essential nutrients. Approximately a year is allotted for treatment with this remedy.
2. "Finasteride" It is prescribed to men. The effect of using the medicine occurs after a few months (if taken systematically).
3. "Esvitsin." This is a liquid preparation that contains enzymes, biological stimulants, and vitamin complexes. They are used topically to treat the balding area.

"Esvitsin"

Important! When a specific drug is prescribed, the specialist must take into account not only the specifics of the human body, but also the current time of year.

Vitamin complexes

The disease we are considering for treatment involves the use of a complex of vitamins. To correct baldness use:

• injections of B vitamins;
• zinc;
• vitamins A, C, PP (in tablet form).

The most popular supplements that have shown the best results in correcting baldness are “Fitoval”, “Rinfoltil”, “Hair Expert”.

Hair Expert product

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe injections of sedatives so as not to provoke unnecessary stress.

Hardware treatment methods

Today, there are quite a large number of different hardware techniques that are aimed at improving the condition of hair, its active growth and restoration, normalizing and increasing blood circulation in the scalp area.

In order to defeat diffuse alopecia, a doctor may prescribe ozone therapy, laser treatment, or Darsonval. These treatments stimulate hair growth.

Different procedures may be prescribed to treat diffuse alopecia.

Massage is also recommended - both hardware and manual. It is necessary to increase blood microcirculation, which will lead to the awakening of hair follicles and active hair growth.

Note! Injections of various drugs and vitamins (mesotherapy) are also administered to help restore nutrition to the hair follicles.

Often given injections of various drugs, vitamins

After examination and receiving test results, the doctor will be able to determine which procedure will be most effective for a particular patient. A set of different methods may be prescribed.

We will indicate the cost of procedures that help in the treatment of diffuse alopecia.

Nutrition

You need to take your diet very seriously, as it is a major part of the treatment for baldness. What should the diet be like:

• you should eat food rich in beneficial elements;
• It’s better to forget about fast food, fatty or fried foods;
• It is best to steam or bake food;
• Gradually you need to reduce the amount of sugar and salt;
• It is recommended to drink as much water as possible.

It is important to adjust your diet

Cosmetics

For better results, drugs and local effects are used. The range of modern products includes serums, masks, and shampoos. The following brands have proven themselves well: Keranova, Lanotech, Klorane.

Klorane products

On a note. There is no point in choosing cosmetics of this kind on your own. Ask your healthcare provider for advice.

Psychological help

Naturally, hair loss can worry a person and cause him additional experiences that are undesirable during the treatment period. Such patients are recommended to receive help from an experienced psychologist who will provide cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis and other techniques.

Remember ! Diffuse alopecia is curable. The main thing is to detect it in time and begin to act as early as possible, in the first stages, so that baldness does not become total. Remember to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. To prevent your hair from falling out, eat right, don’t overload your body with complicated diets, take care of yourself from stress, and “help” your hair with special masks.

This pathology is curable, so you should not plunge into depression

Traditional methods

Of course, some people use not only traditional medicine, but also folk methods. Basically, all such drugs have a positive effect on blood circulation in the problem area.

The most popular remedies to help cope with hair loss are alcohol tinctures with red pepper, masks with onions in the form of juice or porridge, mustard, and eggs. It is recommended to rinse your hair with chamomile infusion (you can use burdock root or oak bark).

Folk remedies are also used to get rid of this problem.

Do not forget ! Self-medication sometimes leads to sad consequences. Therefore, if you want to use a traditional method of treating alopecia, ask your doctor for advice.

Hair loss research

In order to find the reason that led to hair loss , it is necessary to conduct a series of examinations.

The following studies are recommended:

• Blood tests to identify any deficiencies of iron, calcium, vitamins and those trace elements that help maintain a healthy scalp.
• Visit a dermatologist to rule out or confirm the presence of any scalp infections or diseases.
• A visit to a trichologist to determine the health of your hair and do a hair analysis.
• Trichogram is a study that involves analyzing hair and hair follicles under a microscope to trace the life cycle of the follicle.
• Mineralogram to check the amount of minerals present in the hair.

How can you cure alopecia?

If the cause of baldness is due to extraneous factors (stress, treatment programs with antibiotics and other drugs, radiation, poisoning), then first of all it is necessary to eliminate the negative effects on the body and use stimulants for hair growth. And if the reason is androgenic factors, then hormonal therapy or hair transplantation can be used.

Hormonal drugs

Testosterone, entering the hair follicles, is converted by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which causes hair loss. This means that it is necessary to reduce the manifestation of DHT and limit the action of these enzymes.

• Finasteride is a hormonal drug, a synthetic selective blocker of 5-alpha reductase proteins. Effectively reduces both free DHT and that found in tissues.

• Analogs: Alfinal, Zerlon, Proscar, Prosteride, Urofin, Finast in tablets, 5 mg of active ingredient.

Men also experience menopause, which leads to hormonal changes in the body. The gonads begin to reproduce hormones in smaller quantities, which are necessary for the full functioning of the body. The skin and hair are the first to suffer, wrinkles and age spots appear.

Nature seems to save on what is less significant and tries to preserve the normal state of internal organs and systems and reproductive abilities for a longer period. Therefore, there is now a growing trend to prescribe hormone replacement therapy to men aged 40-45 years in order to balance the amount of testosterone and other hormones.

• Hormonal agents: Andriol, Testosterone propionate, Sustanon 250 and others, Androgel for external use.

Attention! Gradual baldness with age does not surprise or frighten anyone. But if a man begins to suddenly lose his hair in clumps, or his receding hairline has noticeably increased in a short period of time, he should immediately undergo a comprehensive diagnosis. This may be a sign of hormonal imbalance, prostate adenoma and other neoplasms.

Immune drugs

If the causes of alopecia depend on the immune system, then tablets, injections, and topical preparations may be prescribed.

Researchers at the University of Manchester have found that an immunosuppressant drug designed to prevent organ rejection can treat alopecia. This is cyclosporine-A, which can stimulate the growth of hair loss.

However, this medicine is of little use due to multiple side effects, so experts have identified another compound: WAY-316606, which is even more effective. The drug has passed laboratory tests and is now awaiting clinical testing.

Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are steroid hormones from the subclass of corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal cortex. They exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressive properties.

• Short-acting corticosteroids: Budesonide, Hydrocortisone, Clobetasol, Mazipredone, Mometasone, Cyclesonide, Flunisolide, Fluticasone.

• GCS with moderate action: Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone, Triamcinolone, Fludrocortisone.

• Long-term corticosteroids: Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Diprospan, Celestoderm.

Immunomodulators are necessary in the treatment of alopecia areata, which occurs against the background of autoimmune diseases:

• Inosiplex
• Isoprinosine
• Levamisole
• Timopentin

Anti-anxiety medications

For nervous and mental disorders, sedatives with a sedative effect are used.

• Antidepressants - used to treat depression, affect the level of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine). They lift your mood, reduce anxiety, anxiety, irritability, and stimulate mental activity.
• Tranquilizers are psychotropic drugs that help relieve anxiety and fear.
• Nootropics – improve all mental functions, activate mental abilities.

Local preparations and hair growth stimulants

Growth stimulants are used directly for the scalp, which restore intercellular metabolism and saturate the follicles with necessary substances.

• Minoxidil (Alerana, Generalolon, Loniten, Rogaine) is a vasodilator cosmetic for accelerated hair growth. Slows down hair loss, stimulates the “awakening” of hair follicles. Used for the treatment and prevention of androgenetic alopecia at any age.

This drug contains nitric oxide, which promotes hyperpolarization of cell membranes and improves the penetration of beneficial substances. Presumably, the effect of Minoxidil is associated with the expansion of capillaries, increased supply of oxygen and nutrients to the hair follicles.

The product is used 2 times a day, the first results can be seen after 2-3 months. Minoxidil activates hair growth, but does not remove the hormonal causes of androgenetic alopecia. Therefore, its effectiveness is limited by the period of use; experts advise taking a month's break every six months. Available in the form of tablets, gel, foam, spray, shampoo, it does not cause addiction or withdrawal symptoms.

• Follicel is a peptide cocktail with a mesotherapeutic effect to stimulate hair growth and prevent hair loss. Used for external use. It contains: inositol (vitamin B8), milk proteins, Dl-ethylpanthenol, sulfur-containing amino acids (N-acetyl-cysteine, N-acetyl-methionine).

• Fitoval Hair Loss is a lotion against hair loss, contains lauric and ximenic acids, esculin (a glucoside with an anti-inflammatory effect). The components of this product improve blood supply to the root zone and ensure the supply of nutrients. Lauric acid inhibits the activity of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

• Time to Grow is an active lotion that stimulates hair growth and contains sphingolipids (structural components of cell membranes and nuclei). It is an immunomodulator that has a positive effect on cell development.

Many cosmetology companies produce their own products to strengthen and improve hair structure: DSD, Ollin, Vichy, Kerastase.

Important! Regular shampoos serve hygienic purposes, but contain substances that can harm hair. For example: Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, Ammonium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Laureth Sulfate. With frequent use, they disrupt the sweat-fat balance, and the hair becomes dirty much faster. Added to this are marketing techniques such as “Suitable for daily use.”

What is hair loss

Pathological hair loss is a phenomenon that affects both women and men and can occur at any period of life, although more often it progresses with age.

There is no sufficiently reliable epidemiological data on the problem of hair loss, however, it is known that it occurs more often in men than in women and that men have a faster progression.

In addition, hair loss is considered physiological when about 35 hair falls out per day; pathology is considered when the amount approaches or exceeds 100 per day. However, even these numbers are very subjective, and a completely healthy person can lose up to 90-100 hairs per day.