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Acute cholecystitis is a disease in which the walls of the gallbladder are damaged. The pathology has a pronounced course: the concentration of cholesterol in the bile increases, the walls of the bladder atrophy, and the outflow of bile is disrupted. In old age, destructive changes in the organ may occur.
Acute cholecystitis requires complex treatment, which includes taking medications: antibiotics, pain relievers, antispasmodics and choleretic agents.
Signs and causes of the disease
In most cases, cholecystitis is provoked by elements of the intestinal microflora. They enter the gallbladder through the bloodstream, which provokes inflammation and irritation. An improper diet rich in flour, fried and spicy foods can also cause the disease.
The disease manifests itself with the following symptoms:
- At first, slight aching sensations appear in the area of the right hypochondrium, gradually the pain becomes pulling and stabbing;
- Most often, discomfort occurs after eating a meal rich in fatty and fried foods;
- pain intensifies even after a small amount of alcohol, including gin and tonics and beer;
- a few days after the development of cholecystitis, appetite may disappear, severe lethargy will appear, and intellectual and physical performance will decrease;
- the patient may begin to gain weight sharply, stools will become rare, and constipation will often occur;
- first, the disease affects the lining of the organ, gradually moving into its cavity, which significantly increases the density of bile and provokes the appearance of stones;
- The overall level of immunity decreases, the person becomes very nervous and irritable.
Attention! The diagnosis of cholecystitis is most often made in women suffering from excess weight. Maintaining a normal UTI and proper nutrition can significantly reduce the risk of developing pathology.
Video - Cholecystitis
Antibiotics against cholecystitis
Azithromycin
Available in capsules and tablets, patients with cholecystitis can take both forms of the medication. If gastrointestinal diseases develop, patients are advised to take Azithromycin an hour before meals or two after them. The dosage is always the same and is 1 g of the active ingredient at a time. The duration of therapy is three days, and it is necessary to include the medication in combination therapy.
Azicar capsules
It is also a powerful and well-tolerated antibiotic, which allows antibiotic therapy to be completed in three days. If you have problems with the gastrointestinal tract and gall bladder, it is especially recommended to take one 1000 mg capsule one hour before meals or two hours after it. This will significantly improve absorption and speed up recovery. It is also possible to take the medication in powder form, in which case the patient should drink two sachets of 500 mg of the active ingredient at once.
Sumalek
The drug Sumalek
The drug is available in the form of tablets and powder. The dosage of Sumalek for each patient is selected individually, taking into account his weight. The classic dose is 20 mg of active substance per kilogram. The prescribed amount of the active substance is taken at one time without food. The duration of use of Sumalek is also three days.
Zitrolide
Zitrolide in capsule form
The medication is available in the form of capsules, which should be taken strictly at the same time. A single dose of medication is prescribed per day; the dosage is the same for all patients and is 1 g of the active ingredient. Treatment with an antibacterial drug is short-term and lasts 3 days. Zitrolide must be combined with a strict diet and other medications. Antibiotic monotherapy is prohibited.
Attention! Antibiotics are usually taken during the acute stage of the disease. It involves not only taking these medications, but also completely refusing to eat for two days. The patient is allowed to drink only water, juices, and herbal infusions.
Choleretic drugs (cholekinetics)
Cholekinetics are a category of drugs, the peculiarity of which is to improve the formation of bile and the release of this substance into the duodenum. Drugs in this group relax the sphincter of Oddi and the sphincter of Luther, which helps normalize the outflow of bile masses.
Cholekinetics have a beneficial effect on the gallbladder, significantly increasing its tone.
Xylitol
This product is a natural sweetener. In terms of energy value, it is closest to regular sugar, which is noticeably different from other sweeteners. Xylitol has a number of benefits:
- Unlike other sugar substitutes, Xylitol does not cause side effects and is normally tolerated by the body;
- The drug does not disrupt metabolism and does not cause intestinal irritation;
- The product has a moderate antibacterial effect and can additionally be used to prevent caries.
To provide a complex effect, the drug is recommended to be taken together with antispasmodic drugs. This will help increase bile secretion and relieve pain.
Odeston
Odeston is a choleretic agent based on hymecromone. The drug increases the production and secretion of bile into the duodenum, reduces bile stagnation, relieves spasm of the Sphincter of Oddi and bile ducts.
Contraindications to the use of the drug Odeston:
- Hypersensitivity to active and auxiliary components;
- Chronic bleeding;
- Ulcerative colitis;
- Crohn's disease;
- Kidney and liver failure;
- Chronic bleeding;
- Age up to 18 years.
The cost of the medicine is from 415 rubles.
Ursofalk
Ursofalk is a choleretic drug based on ursodeoxycholic acid. This drug affects the absorption of cholesterol, as a result of which the concentration of this substance in bile decreases markedly. An additional property of the drug Ursofalk is immunomodulatory. The drug increases the body's defenses, thereby improving resistance to various diseases.
The drug is prescribed for primary biliary cirrhosis (in the absence of signs of decompensation). The medicine is contraindicated in acute inflammation of the ducts and gallbladder, blockage of the bile and cystic ducts.
Antispasmodics against cholecystitis
Took
Painkiller Bral
The drug is made in India. Taken as prescribed by the attending physician. Taking into account the intensity of pain, patients are recommended to take 1-2 tablets of Bral up to three times a day. In addition to a noticeable analgesic effect, the medication has a slight relaxing effect. You should not take the antispasmodic for more than five days. In some cases, Bral increased the symptoms of cholecystitis, so you should be sure that the medication is well tolerated.
Maxigan
Drug Maxigan
Also available in tablet form, the prescribed dosage is taken after meals. For mild pain, take no more than one tablet up to three times a day. With increased intensity of pain, it is allowed to take up to six Maxigan tablets per day. The maximum permissible duration of use of the drug is five days.
Revalgin
Analgesic antispasmodic Revalgin
A more modern analogue of the medications described above, which should also be taken after meals. You can take Revalgin 30-60 minutes after food. The maximum daily dosage of the drug is 6 tablets. It is advisable to take no more than one tablet at a time; in severe cases, you can take two doses at once. The duration of therapy using Revalgin is 5 days.
Attention! In the acute stage of cholecystitis, the use of antispasmodic drugs in the form of injections is allowed, which can relieve pain more quickly, but this may have a negative effect on the pancreas.
Main symptoms
If the disease is chronic, then usually no clinical manifestations are observed. Therefore, chronic cholecystitis is detected by chance during an examination when a person comes in with suspicion of other diseases.
Pronounced symptoms most often occur after exposure to any provoking factors, for example, when the patient violates the diet by eating something fatty, or drinks alcohol, or allows excessive physical activity.
The main symptoms of cholecystitis include the following:
- pain under the ribs on the right, which can radiate to the shoulder and cervical region, under the shoulder blades;
- increased gas formation;
- bitter taste in the mouth;
- nausea, urge to vomit;
- diarrhea;
- feeling of heaviness in the abdominal area;
- general weakness;
- increased body temperature;
- loss of appetite.
The severity of manifestations varies depending on the course of cholecystitis. Pain in the acute form can be almost unbearable, which requires urgent medical attention.
Choleretic medications for cholecystitis
Allohol
Allohol drug
You can take the medication in the acute and chronic stages of cholecystitis. In case of exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to take one tablet of the medication up to three times a day. The duration of therapy in this case is 4-8 weeks. In the chronic stage of the disease, it is recommended to drink 1 dose up to four times a day. The duration of treatment is one month. The course of therapy can be repeated only 12 weeks after the end of the last one.
Cyqualon
The medication should be taken according to a specific regimen. In the first three days of treatment for the acute stage of the disease, the patient is prescribed 0.3 g of the active substance, divided into three doses. After this, you should take one tablet of Cyqualon four times a day. Therapy continues for 21-30 days, the duration is influenced by the complexity of the course of cholecystitis. The drug is taken strictly before meals, washed down with half a glass of water.
Artichol
The drug not only significantly improves the function of the gallbladder, but also has a beneficial effect on the liver and kidneys. To achieve the desired result, you should take up to two Artichol tablets three times a day. The maximum daily dosage is six tablets. The duration of therapy is determined for each patient individually. Typically, treatment with Artichol lasts no more than three weeks.
Glutargin
Release form of the drug Glutargin
Typically, for cholecystitis, the drug is taken in powder form, which provides maximum impact and rapid absorption. The exact dose and number of daily doses is determined by the attending physician, taking into account the severity of inflammation and the form of the disease. The dose can range from 750 mg to 2 g. The duration of therapy is influenced by the body's response to the treatment. If necessary, the powder can be replaced with tablets.
Attention! This group of medications allows you to normalize the consistency of bile, which will protect against bladder rupture and the formation of fractions.
Diagnostic procedures
Diagnosis begins with a conversation with the patient and his external examination. At this stage, the doctor is able to find out:
- what symptoms bother the person;
- how long ago did they appear;
- how often does pain occur;
- what diseases are there in the body;
- what lifestyle does the patient lead;
- other points necessary for collecting anamnesis.
To make a final diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a number of measures:
- Laboratory methods: blood, urine, feces, liver tests.
- Ultrasound examination of the gallbladder, which can be used to detect enlargement of the gallbladder, anomalies in its structure, changes in the condition of its walls, heterogeneity of contents, dyskinesia and much more.
- Dynamic hepatobiliscintigraphy, which allows to evaluate the motor activity of the gallbladder, as well as the activity of the liver.
- Endoscopic ultrasonography, which helps to examine the walls of the gastrointestinal tract and detect neoplasms.
- Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, thanks to which it is possible to study in detail the condition and functioning of internal organs.
If necessary, the list of diagnostic measures can be expanded by the attending physician.
Drugs against accompanying symptoms of cholecystitis
Motilium
Motilium should be taken in cases where cholecystitis is accompanied by severe vomiting, nausea or flatulence
This drug should be taken in cases where cholecystitis is accompanied by severe vomiting, nausea or flatulence. Take the medicine 15 minutes before the main meal three times a day. The recommended dosage is 1 tablet. In severe cases, you should not exceed the daily amount of active substance of 80 mg, which is equal to 8 tablets. Therapy continues until the unpleasant symptoms disappear.
Cerucal
The drug also helps eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of cholecystitis in the form of nausea, vomiting, belching, heartburn and gas. Take the recommended dosage of Cerucal, which is usually one tablet, half an hour before the main meal. The recommended amount is four tablets per day. In severe cases, it may be necessary to prescribe the drug intravenously, and the dose is calculated individually.
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide in tablet form
The drug is taken for concomitant intestinal disorders, which help to significantly alleviate the patient’s general condition. Metoclopramide should be taken 30 minutes before the main meal. At one time, the patient can take 10 mg of the active ingredient, which is equal to 1 tablet of medication. The daily amount of active substance cannot exceed 30 mg. Therapy continues until all unpleasant symptoms are completely eliminated.
Sulfonamides against cholecystitis
Fervital
The drug should be taken 20 minutes before meals or taking the prescribed medication as a combination therapy. Fervital for acute intestinal disorders, including cholecystitis, should be taken 2 teaspoons of the active substance up to four times a day. The powder is taken for 4-6 weeks. A strict diet is mandatory.
Probalance
Probalance
Take the medicine three times a day with meals. Patients are advised to eat one packet of minerals and nutrients with each meal. Before use, pour the contents of the sachet with half a glass of water, stir and drink immediately. Treatment continues for two months. The minimum therapeutic course of therapy is 4 weeks.
Attention! These drugs are taken when the patient is acutely intolerant to antibiotics. It is also worth using the described medications when cholecystitis and enterocolitis occur simultaneously.
Cost of drugs against cholecystitis
A drug | Image | Price in Russia in rubles | Price in Belarus in rubles | Price in Ukraine in hryvnia |
Azithromycin | 150 | 5 | 62 | |
Azikar | 660 | 22 | 270 | |
Sumalek | 150 | 5 | 62 | |
Zitrolide | 1500 | 50 | 615 | |
Took | 75 | 2,5 | 31 | |
Maxigan | 100 | 3,3 | 41 | |
Revalgin | 100 | 3,3 | 41 | |
Allohol | 75 | 2,5 | 31 | |
Cyqualon | 400 | 13 | 164 | |
Artichol | 120 | 3,9 | 50 | |
Glutargin | 120 | 3,9 | 50 | |
Motilium | 700 | 23,3 | 278 | |
Cerucal | 120 | 3,9 | 50 | |
Metoclopramide | 30 | 1 | 17 | |
Fervital | 120 | 3,9 | 50 | |
Probalance | 2000 | 66 | 820 |
Attention! The price of the medications listed may not match the price in your pharmacies. Drugs under the same name are produced in several countries, which affects their cost.
Cholecystitis is a serious inflammation of the gallbladder, which, if left untreated, can provoke the development of ulcers. With this condition, patients cannot manage only with the use of medications, since there is a possibility of organ rupture. Only with timely contact with a specialist, this could be a surgeon, therapist or gastroenterologist, will it be possible to avoid surgery and cure the pathology with diet and medications.
Principles of treatment
Treatment of cholecystitis at home is often carried out with folk remedies and medications. Among the latter, the following groups of drugs are distinguished:
- Choleretic agents. Taking medications can increase the flow of bile, cleanse the bile ducts and keep muscles toned.
- Antispasmodic. The products reduce pain and eliminate involuntary muscle contractions.
- Antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents effectively combat inflammation. Given the presence of stones, the dosage is selected very carefully.
Treatment of cholecystitis with traditional methods and medications will not give the desired result if you do not follow a diet and do not lead an abnormal lifestyle. During therapy, it is strictly forbidden to engage in heavy physical work.