Which tablets are best to use to treat pinworms in adults?

Intestinal enterobiasis is one of the most common diseases caused by helminths (worms).

Its causative agents are pinworm worms - small roundworms. A characteristic feature of these worms is that during sleep, female parasites can crawl out of the anus and lay eggs around it, which causes itching, sometimes very severe.

What to do in such a situation? To get started, we recommend reading this article. This article describes in detail methods of controlling parasites. We also recommend that you consult a specialist. Read the article >>>

It is this itching that indicates infection with pinworms and the presence of enterobiasis in both adults and children.

It is impossible to see pinworm eggs with the naked eye, but in a photo taken under a microscope, they look like elongated light grains (they are sometimes compared to microscopic grains of rice).

Preparations for pinworms

Preparations for pinworms affect the metabolic processes of parasites and cause their death. Other drugs, by disrupting the transmission of neuromuscular impulses, paralyze pinworms, which facilitates their elimination.

Adult parasites exhibit high sensitivity to a number of anthelmintic drugs. Young individuals have the ability to exhibit temporary resistance, which is why in the treatment of enterobiasis it is practiced to use 2 or 3 courses with an interval of 3 weeks.

In more than 74% of cases, enterobiasis is combined with other types of helminthiasis - ascariasis, giardiasis, trichuriasis, toxocariasis. In this case, the drug of choice is the anthelmintic drug Albendazole (Sanoxal).

Drugs used in the treatment of pinworms:

• Levamisole (Decaris).
• Mebendazole (Vormin, Vermox, Mebex, Telmox, Thiabendazole, Gelmedazole).
• Albendazole (Albendazole, Nemozol, Sanoxal).
• Piperazine.
• Pyrantel (Helmintox, Combantrin, Nemotsid).
• Carbendacim (Medamin).
• Naftamon (Alkopar).
• Anthelmintic drug of plant origin. Male fern extract.
• Pyrvinia pamoate (Vankin) and Pyrvinia embonate (Pyrvinium).

Drugs used in the treatment of enterobiasis are used only orally. Considering the vital activity of pinworms, their introduction through the rectum is considered inappropriate.

Rice. 2. The photo shows pinworms.

https://youtu.be/w6-RT6tABP8

The mechanism of action of drugs on enterobiasis

Anyone who suspects themselves or their child has parasites should immediately consult a doctor. First, you need to visit a therapist and gastroenterologist, then take tests (blood, feces), and if necessary, you will have to consult a specialist to determine the severity of organ damage. While the diagnostic examination is underway, it is advisable for the patient to take care of his health, in particular, normalize his diet:

• include onions, garlic, pumpkin (including seeds), carrots in your diet;
• refuse to eat fatty, floury, sweet foods;
• increase the amount of protein in food, reduce carbohydrates.

In the future, a properly selected diet will help maintain the health of the body with therapeutic effects, which can seriously affect the functioning of internal organs. The fact is that drugs with a good antiparasitic effect contain toxic components that affect the liver, kidneys, heart, and organs of the digestive system. Such medicinal ingredients are especially dangerous in combination with the products of the metabolic activity of parasitic microorganisms, which poison the host’s body.

The mechanism of action of effective anthelmintic medications is a toxic attack on pinworms with the subsequent removal of both dead parasites and the remains of their vital activity from the human body.

Drug components most often affect the nervous system of worms, paralyzing them and leaving them in an immobilized state, unable to feed and reproduce. The second group of drugs affects the metabolic processes of parasites, provoking changes in their bodies at the cellular level, due to which the worms cannot receive the necessary nutrients from the host’s body and die. The latter is a more effective way to combat pinworms, since this effect kills both adult, actively reproducing individuals and helminth larvae.

Medicines for pinworms are available in various forms:

Drugs for the treatment of enterobiasis are selected by the attending physician taking into account the patient’s age, body weight, the presence of concomitant pathologies, as well as the widespread spread of parasitic infestation. Only the correct selection of medications and dosages will ensure a positive result, that is, the most powerful way to destroy and remove pinworms from the patient’s body, as well as eliminate the risk of developing negative consequences.

Decaris for pinworms

The drug Decaris (Levamisole) is prescribed once orally at bedtime. Adults are advised to take 0.15 g; for children, the dose of the drug is set at the rate of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of weight. The active substance of the drug levamisole hydrochloride is an immunomodulator. When exposed to it in the human body, the production of antibodies increases, T-cell immunity is enhanced, T-lymphocytes are activated, their production is stimulated, and the function of monocytes, neutrophils and macrophages increases.

Rice. 3. Decaris is widely used not only as an anthelmintic, but also as an immunomodulator.

Caution when using medications

The main medications for the treatment of enterobiasis (pinworm infection) are antiparasitic drugs that have a toxic effect. It is for this reason that only a specialist should prescribe treatment - specific drugs, dosages, duration of therapy - after diagnostic procedures confirming the presence of enterobiasis. This is a basic precaution that patients should follow without exception. Otherwise, the rules for undergoing treatment are to follow the prescribed diet and all recommendations of specialists.

Mebendazole for pinworms

The drug for pinworms Mebendazole (Vormin, Vermox, Mebex, Telmox, Thiabendazole) is indicated for enterobiasis, ascariasis, hookworm disease, strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, trichinosis, echinococcosis and other helminthiasis. Widely used for mixed helminthiasis. Intestinal diseases and liver failure are contraindications to taking the drug. Mebendazole is not allowed for children under 3 years of age. When taking the drug, allergic reactions, changes in the cellular composition of the blood, digestive organs, urinary and central nervous systems may occur. Treatment with Mebendazole is considered effective if, in the next 7 days, the test for the presence of pinworms and their eggs gives a negative result.

Rice. 4. Vermox is a remedy for pinworms.

Important Details

For enterobiasis, the use of medications alone is not enough. Some rules must be followed.

• Be sure to maintain strict hygiene. Hands should be washed with soap as often as possible, especially before eating. Do not put your fingers in your mouth or bite your nails.
• During treatment, be sure to change your underwear in the morning and before going to bed at night.
• You need to wash yourself with soap at least twice a day, especially after a night's sleep.
• Bed linen must be changed every day.
• Carry out wet cleaning until recovery occurs.

You should not treat yourself, relying on the advice and recommendations of friends. Enterobiasis is very easy and quick to get infected. Therefore, in order to protect other family members from the problem, you need to consult a doctor and take preventive measures.

For effective treatment of parasitic diseases, our readers recommend the parasite remedy “Intoxic”. It contains medicinal plants that effectively cleanse the body of parasites.

Various types of worms can parasitize the human body. The most common helminths that settle in the bodies of adults and children are pinworms. These are roundworms, the activity of which is accompanied by a number of typical symptoms (intestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting, immune failure, neurotic conditions, itching in the anal area).

In the absence of proper treatment, enterobiasis (a form of helminthiasis caused by pinworms) can provoke serious complications - chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin ailments, respiratory problems, etc.

Treatment of enterobiasis is carried out using broad- and narrow-spectrum anthelmintic medications (tablets or suspensions). Read more about the specifics of the most popular medications for pinworms below.

Albendazole for pinworms

The structure of the drug Albendazole (Nemozol, Sanoxal) is close to Mebendazole. Liver failure, inhibition of bone hematopoiesis and retinal diseases are the main contraindications to taking the drug. The tablets are taken once after a meal, washed down with water. If leukopenia develops, treatment is stopped. During treatment, it is necessary to monitor liver function indicators.

Rice. 5. Antihelminthic drugs Nemozol and Albendazole.

Additional treatments for pinworms in adults

For a faster recovery, it is additionally recommended to follow a number of tips:

• give up rich, fatty and sweet foods during treatment and adaptation, as parasites love such an environment and multiply faster;
• It is useful to add seasonings such as black pepper, garlic and onions to food, but you should monitor their quantity so as not to cause additional irritation of the intestinal and stomach mucosa;
• against nausea that may accompany helminthiasis, you can drink lemon water;
• It is useful to drink herbal decoctions based on chamomile, string and calendula;
• to maintain immunity, you need to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, which will further improve the health of the gastrointestinal tract;
• A decoction of oak bark helps against diarrhea.

Garlic against worms

Piperazine, a remedy for pinworms

The drug against pinworms Piperazine (Piperazine adipate) is used for ascariasis and enterobiasis. During treatment, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, muscle weakness, and tremors may occur. For diseases of the central nervous system, taking the drug is prohibited. If the patient has constipation, it is necessary to give an enema. Piperazine is used 2 times a day one hour before meals or one hour after meals for 2 days. After 7 - 10 days, the treatment is repeated. The course of treatment is 2 - 3 cycles.

Rice. 6. Piperazine adipate, a remedy for pinworms.

Nemozol

Nemozol has a wide range of action and is a highly effective drug, widely used in medicine for various helminthiases, including nematodes.

Nemozol acts as follows: selective inhibition of beta-tubulin polymerization in the parasite’s body, which leads to irreversible damage to the parasite’s digestive system (disturbance of the microtubular system). The consequence of this is the suppression of glucose utilization, which leads to depletion of glycogen in the body of helminths. The drug also inhibits the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, which plays a key role in biochemical processes (acts as a natural source of energy) and prevents the movement of various cell components (organelles), which are vital for the normal functioning and existence of the structural and functional particles of the body of all living beings.

The therapeutic course of Nemozol for enterobiasis in adults is 1 day, a single dose. The therapeutic dosage for an adult is 400 mg of Nemozol. The medication is taken during food consumption or immediately after.

• Digestive system: abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, liver dysfunction;
• Circulatory system: granulocytopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia;
• Central nervous system: headache, dizziness, meningeal symptoms;
• Epidermis: skin rashes, itching, hair loss (reversible);
• Others: increased blood pressure, allergic reactions, renal failure, increased body temperature;

Pyrantel for pinworms

Pyrantel (Helmintox, Combantrin, Nemotsid) is used for ascariasis, enterobiasis, necatoriasis, hookworm disease, trichuriasis, mixed helminthiasis. The drug is available in the form of tablets and suspension. It has a number of side effects, which manifest themselves in the form of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, drowsiness or insomnia, skin rash, urticaria, increased liver tests, hearing impairment, hallucinations, confusion, paresthesia and hyperthermia. When treating with Pirantel, a laxative is not prescribed. The drug should not be prescribed together with Piperazine.

Rice. 7. The drug for pinworms Pirantel.

Features of taking medications

Treatment of helminthic infestations and, in particular, pinworm infection should only be carried out by a specialist. First, he will refer you for diagnostics to determine the parasite. Then, after studying the biological material, they begin to select the drug.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate. Since all medications for worms are quite toxic and have many contraindications. If the dosage or the drug itself is chosen incorrectly, the patient may suffer from taking it.

Additionally, anthelmintic medications come in three main forms:

If treating adults is intended, it is better to use tablets. When taking them, it is convenient to calculate the dosage. In addition, to get rid of pinworms, the course will have to be repeated after two weeks. And during this time nothing will happen to the tablets.

Suspensions are more suitable for children, as they are easier to swallow and have a pleasant taste.

The drug for pinworms Carbendacim

The drug Carbendacim (Medamin) is effective against ascariasis, enterobiasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, and strongyloidiasis. By paralyzing the muscles of the parasite, Carbendatsim thereby prevents their attachment to the intestinal wall. Allergic reactions, weakness and nausea are adverse reactions of the drug. The tablets are taken immediately after meals.

Rice. 8. Remedy for pinworms Medamin.

Aids

For the treatment of enterobiasis in adults and children, complex therapy is indicated, in which antiparasitic medications play a major role. It is thanks to such means that parasites are destroyed and removed from the body, as a result of which the very cause of health problems is eliminated. And in addition to anthelmintic therapy, attending physicians prescribe auxiliary agents:

• antihistamines;
• probiotics;
• medications to support the functioning of the liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract;
• vitamins and minerals;
• immunomodulatory drugs.

Antihistamines are intended to suppress allergic reactions, which manifest themselves as a response of the infected body to the vital activity of the pinworms present in it. Thanks to such drugs (most often prescribed Zodak, Loratadine, Cetrin) internal organs and tissues are cleansed and inflammatory processes are suppressed.

Probiotics (usually Linex or Bifidumbacterin) accelerate the restoration of microflora in the gastrointestinal tract, thanks to them, the intestinal mucous membranes damaged by suction cups and hooks of parasites are quickly healed, and toxins that are formed during the activity of pinworms are removed.

Other auxiliary medications in one way or another help restore the health of an organism cleared of parasites, improve the functioning of internal organs, establish metabolic processes and normalize the supply of vitamins, minerals, and microelements. At the end of the course of such therapy, the drugs will restore the body’s immune strength and strengthen it against repeated invasions.

The drug for pinworms Naftamon

The drug for pinworms Naftamon “K” (Alcopar) is available in the form of tablets coated with a coating consisting of cellulose acetylphthalyl, which disintegrates only in the duodenum or in the upper part of the small intestine and has an anthelmintic effect throughout the intestine. The drug is indicated for ascariasis.

Naftamon tablets disintegrate in the lower parts of the small intestine and in the upper part of the large intestine - in places where pinworms, whipworms and trichocephalosis pathogens are localized. Naftamon and Naftamon “K” tablets are taken orally on an empty stomach 2 hours before breakfast, washed down with water. The drugs have a laxative effect. Nausea, frequent bowel movements and vomiting, which may appear as a reaction to taking the drug, quickly disappear after its discontinuation. A contraindication to the use of Naftamon and Naftamon “K” is liver dysfunction.

Anthelmintic drugs are used after meals. It's better to do this before bed.

Features of the treatment of pinworms in children and adults

When asked how to treat pinworms, your attending physician will tell you. At the level of modern medicine, the treatment process is not difficult. In most clinical cases, parasites can be eliminated through a single use of an anthelmintic drug.

For the treatment of enterobiasis, various forms of medications are prescribed - suspensions, drops, suppositories and tablet form - tablets, capsules. The dosage is determined according to the age and weight category of the patient.

Your doctor may recommend the following medications against pinworms:

• Dekaris;
• Pyrantel;
• Vormin;
• Medamin;
• Piperazine;
• Nemozol.

To enhance the effectiveness of treatment, 24 hours before using the product you need to change your diet - give up foods that strengthen the stool. Dinner the night before should be light, fatty and high-calorie foods are excluded.

The next day, medications for enterobiasis are taken in the morning, and in the evening it is recommended to use a medicine with a laxative effect, which helps remove worms from the body naturally - during bowel movements (this is not the case for all tablets).

Treatment of pinworms in adults and children has a certain feature - repeated use of the medication 14 days after the first use. This is necessary in order to exclude secondary infection on its own. It should also be borne in mind that not all drugs kill eggs and larvae that have only recently entered the human body.

In case of a severe allergic reaction to an unpleasant “neighborhood”, it is additionally recommended to take antihistamine tablets - Loratadine, Tavegil, Suprastin, Zodak. They relieve itching, therefore there is no scratching of the skin and the likelihood of parasite eggs spreading throughout the body is reduced.

Of course, the names of anthelmintic drugs alone do not tell patients anything, so let’s look at several medications in more detail, find out the nuances of use and contraindications.

Remedy for pinworms, male fern extract

Male fern extract is a herbal preparation. When taken orally, it affects the muscles of parasites. Muscle paralysis makes it impossible for helminths to attach to the intestinal wall and they are excreted in the feces. Filmaron and phylixic acid (derivatives of filicic acid) contained in the fern rhizome have an anthelmintic effect, which have a powerful effect on tapeworms. Tenidosis, diphyllobothriasis, hymenolepiasis and enterobiasis are the main indicators for the use of the drug. Male fern extract has a number of side effects and in some cases can lead to the development of complications and poisoning, which is why treatment of helminthic infestation is carried out in a day or regular hospital.

Rice. 9. Remedy for pinworms, male fern extract and capsules.

Tablets for children

The main differences between drugs to combat pinworms intended for children and drugs indicated for adults:

• less toxic;
• their use is associated with a minimum number of side effects;
• lower dosage.

Principles of drug treatment of childhood enterobiasis:

As an effective medicine against parasites, doctors advise taking the drug “Gelminton”. The composition of the product is based only on natural ingredients of natural origin, they were grown in places with 100% clean ecology, and have a proven effect that allows you to quickly deal with any type of worms.

• therapy should be carried out taking into account the life cycle of parasites;
• A mandatory item is taking vitamin complexes and enterosorbents;
• the use of drugs that restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (probiotics, hepatoprotectors).

Preparations for pinworms Vankin and Pirvinium

Preparations for pinworms Pirvinia pamoate (Vanquin) and Pirvinia embonate (Pirvinium) are highly effective against pinworms and do not affect other types of helminths. Used once in the form of a suspension or tablet after breakfast. If necessary, treatment is repeated 2-3 times with an interval of 2-3 weeks. The drug is contraindicated for intestinal diseases; caution must be exercised for liver and kidney diseases. When taking the drug, the stool becomes bright red. Vankin is inferior in strength to Mebendazole and Pyrantel, which is why its use is limited.

Rice. 10. Antihelminthic drugs Vanquin and Pirvinium.

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Pinworms are small (less than 1 cm in mature individuals) worms that parasitize the human body and cause a disease called enterobiasis. Mostly children who do not follow the rules of basic hygiene become infected with such microorganisms, although if a child is infested with pinworms, every adult in the house also runs the risk of “catching” this unpleasant disease. If you suspect an infection, you must undergo an examination and then a course of treatment for enterobiasis, and only the attending physician should select medications and tablets for pinworms for the patient.

Symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy

In severe cases of enterobiasis, symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy is added to anthelmintic treatment.

• Itching with pinworms is the leading symptom of the disease. It occurs as a result of the release of a special irritant substance by female pinworms during the period of egg laying. For severe itching at night, it is recommended to use topical ointment with anesthetic and take diphenhydramine orally.
• When scratching, damaged areas of the skin are often contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, which leads to the development of dermatitis. And when parasites crawl into the genitals, vaginitis, vulvitis and endometritis develop. In such cases, antibiotics are prescribed.
• With the development of enterobiasis sphincteritis or proctosigmoiditis, the use of enemas from Shostakovsky balm or colloidal dispersed silver salt of norsulfazlol is indicated.
• The waste products of helminths and their antigens cause sensitization of the body, which is often manifested by the development of atopic dermatitis in children. To eliminate this pathology, antihistamines Cetrin, Loratadine, etc. are used.

Rice. 11. The photo shows pinworms in the intestinal lumen and in the perianal area.

What is the disease

Pinworms can live and develop only in the human body. Animals become carriers of the eggs of these parasites. Infection can occur at any age; children are most often susceptible to it.

People can introduce worm eggs into their mouths through unwashed hands, food, and household items. Under the influence of digestive enzymes, larvae emerge from the eggs and move towards the small intestine. Here they stick to the mucous walls and begin to feed on the contents of the intestine, absorbing all the nutrients.

After two weeks, the larvae mature and become capable of new fertilization. After this, the males come out with feces, and the females lay piles of eggs, each of which contains 150-300 eggs.

The larvae, hatching from the eggs, irritate the surface of the anus and cause severe itching. When combing, they get under the nails and, if hygiene rules are not followed, are spread to other parts of the body. Thus, the person himself becomes re-infected.

Pinworms in adults can be recognized by the following symptoms:

• severe itching of the anus;
• abdominal pain, flatulence;
• bowel dysfunction (diarrhea or constipation);
• loss of appetite;
• weakness, fatigue;
• poor, restless sleep;
• headaches, dizziness;
• nausea and even vomiting;
• Pinworms cause allergic reactions in humans in the form of a rash or cough.

Diagnosis of enterobiasis in adults is carried out using several methods.

• Scraping using adhesive tape or cotton swabs soaked in glycerin.
• A finger prick blood test may show high levels of eosinophils. At the same time, the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells decreases.
• Stool analysis becomes effective when the infection is at a severe stage. In other cases, the probability of a correct result is 10%. Pinworms do not lay eggs in the intestines. Therefore, it is better to take a scraping.

If pinworms are not removed from the human body in time with the help of medications, then diseases such as dysbacteriosis, paraproctitis, vulvovaginitis, appendicitis, and cystitis can develop.

Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment

Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment is carried out 3 and 4 weeks after the end of treatment using microscopic examination of perianal scrapings daily for 3 days or every other day.

By observing basic rules of personal hygiene, adults are free from pinworms without treatment within one month.

If a patient with enterobiasis is identified, all family members should be treated.

Rice. 12. Pinworms in feces.

How can you get infected?

Enterobiasis carriers are children or adults who are infected with pinworms. Infection occurs from person to person through a handshake, through household items, door handles, clothes, all those objects that the patient touched, if you do not wash your hands after contact and eat food with dirty hands. Pinworm eggs can also come into contact with food from flies and cockroaches, or be found on the fur of pets.

The female pinworm enters the human intestine orally, through dirty hands that receive worm eggs. Next, she mates with a male representative and then migrates to the human large intestine, where she receives nutrition, and after 4 weeks she moves to the rectum, where at night she crawls to the anus and lays up to 15 thousand eggs on the skin near the anus.

The child or adult then experiences itching in the anus, and scratching the itchy area allows pinworm eggs to land on the patient’s hands and under the nails. Further, the mechanism of self-infection and infection of others is clear. If you have overgrown long nails, do not wash your hands after combing, after using the toilet, before eating, thousands of eggs settle on everything that an infected person touches. This contributes to the further spread of nematodes, getting from under nails, beds, and underwear onto the hands of other children and adults.

Prevention of enterobiasis

To prevent the spread of helminthiases in our country, a whole range of preventive and anti-epidemic measures has been developed and applied, including sanitary, hygienic, treatment, preventive and administrative measures:

1. Early identification of patients and adequate treatment, followed by mandatory monitoring of effectiveness (pinworms are detected when seeking medical help and during routine medical examinations of organized groups).
2. Examination for enterobiasis and preventive treatment of contact persons.
3. Compliance with the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime in organized teams.
4. Organization and implementation of activities to prevent the transmission of parasites and improve the sources of infestation in preschool institutions and groups attended by children of primary school age.
5. Carrying out measures for the timely identification of patients with enterobiasis among service personnel in children's groups, catering workers, food enterprises and retail chains.
6. Carrying out measures to destroy parasites at home. Prevention of reinfestation (self-infection).
7. Compliance with personal hygiene rules.
8. Sanitary educational work among citizens (health education).

The source of infection, the mechanisms of transmission of pathogens and the susceptible contingent are three links in the epidemic process, the elimination of which will inevitably lead to the elimination of an outbreak of enterobiasis.

Rice. 13. Pinworm eggs under a microscope.

How do drugs act on parasites?

Medicine for pinworms for children is selected by a specialist based on age, intensity of the lesion and how long ago symptoms appeared. As a rule, you will need one drug aimed at destroying parasites. The best solution for young children is to take a suspension - a sweet syrup with a pleasant taste. Children willingly take medicine.

Sometimes the doctor prescribes additional sorbents (Smecta, Polysorb), antihistamines (Fenistil) and laxatives (Duphalac), vitamin complexes (Alphabet, VitaMishki). This is necessary to quickly remove destroyed pinworms from the intestines and relieve symptoms of intoxication.

For children, doctors prefer medications that paralyze pinworms rather than kill them. Targeted drugs are also used to treat young children. It will be better if the product acts specifically on pinworms, and not on a wide range of types of parasites. A specialist will tell you which medications have fewer side effects and are safe for the baby, what care and prevention measures should be followed during therapy.

Folk remedies also cure enterobiasis, but unlike medications, they do not act as quickly and effectively (more details in the article: how to treat enterobiasis in children at home?). You can use an infusion of unripe walnuts, a soda enema, garlic, a decoction of thyme - there are many recipes if you do not want to resort to medications or there are contraindications to the use of medications.

Pharmacies have a wide selection of drugs against parasites, so you should not rely only on advertising or the opinion of a pharmacist. Before turning to traditional or folk medicine, you should get tested and visit a specialist, otherwise you can harm the baby’s health and cause consequences more serious than pinworm infection.