Why is Atarax prescribed? Instructions for medical use

Atarax is a tranquilizer with anxiolytic, antiemetic and sedative effects. Instructions for use will show how to properly take 25 mg tablets, injections in injection ampoules for the treatment of irritability and skin itching. What Atarax helps with, information on prices, analogues and patient reviews will also be presented in the article.

Release form and composition

The medication is available in the form of tablets and solution for intramuscular administration.

• Atarax tablets, white coated, scored. 1 tablet contains hydroxyzine hydrochloride 25 mg. Excipients: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Shell composition: opadry white Y-1-7000 (titanium dioxide, macrogol, hypromellose). Cardboard pack, 1 blister, 25 tablets.
• Atarax solution for intramuscular administration is colorless, transparent. In 1 ampoule of hydroxyzine hydrochloride 50 mg, 100 mg. Excipients: water, sodium hydroxide. Cardboard packs, plastic pallets (1), ampoules (6).

Clinical and pharmacological group: tranquilizer (anxiolytic).

Taking medication

When taking Atarax tablets you should keep in mind:

1. It is necessary to differentiate between morning and evening medication intake. As a rule, a smaller amount of medication is prescribed for the morning dose due to the presence of a sedative (soporific) effect;
2. The tablets are taken during meals;
3. Do not exceed the recommended dosage for administration at one time;

Atarax can also be prescribed in the form of intramuscular injections. You need to know that they must be stored in the refrigerator.

All medications have a label and you should read the warnings before using them. Often the label is left in the box, so below are the main warnings that you need to know for sure before taking the medicine.

Contraindications

Atarax belongs to the group of anxiolytics (tranquilizers), which increases the range of contraindications. These include:

• Alcohol consumption is prohibited during treatment;
• The drug is prohibited for use by pregnant women;
• Taking the drug and breastfeeding are also contraindicated. Breastfeeding should be interrupted if the drug is prescribed;
• Individual intolerance to hydroxyzine hydrochloride, aminophylline, cetirizine, ethylenediamine and other components of the drug;

Due to the risk of tachycardia, the drug is not recommended for use in elderly people and people predisposed to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Side effects

The drug has a number of side effects:

• dry mouth;
• urinary retention and constipation;
• drowsiness, general weakness and loss of consciousness;
• nausea and vomiting;

When using this drug, side effects may occur in case of high dosage of the drug. Reducing the dose should help, but only if there are no contraindications.

Pharmacological characteristics

Taking Atarax helps provide sedative, antiemetic, antihistamine (eliminates itching and urticaria), analgesic effects, relaxes skeletal and smooth muscles, improves memory and attention.

The use of the drug lengthens the duration of sleep, reduces the frequency of night awakenings after a single dose of 50 mg tablet.

The use of tablets does not cause addiction or dependence; the pharmacological effect occurs 15 minutes to half an hour after taking the drug. Long-term use of the tablets did not result in the development of withdrawal syndrome or deterioration of cognitive functions of the brain.

We treat with caution

Atarax should not be combined with similar medications. Since identical drugs will only enhance the effect and, first of all, the child’s central nervous system may be disrupted. And this is very dangerous, especially since it is not yet fully formed and is not stable enough

If you have kidney and liver diseases, you need to approach treatment with caution.

This remedy is not addictive and can be taken for a long time, and then completely discontinued if necessary. It is necessary to determine whether a person has a special sensitivity to the components of the drug, and only then apply treatment

You need to take the medicine carefully if you have glaucoma, difficulty urinating, prostate, hypersensitivity

The drug is also used to facilitate falling asleep and calm anxiety during restless sleep. It affects areas of the brain and causes a calming effect.

Why is Atarax prescribed?

Atarax is prescribed for the treatment of adult patients in the following cases:

• In order to eliminate manifestations of anxiety, internal tension, psychomotor agitation, high irritability in the treatment of patients with neurological, somatic, and mental diseases.
• For chronic alcoholism, as well as to eliminate withdrawal syndrome, which is accompanied by psychomotor agitation.
• As a somatic remedy during premedication.
• As a symptomatic remedy to eliminate skin itching.

Indications for the use of Atarax are determined by the attending physician. As a rule, indications for the use of the drug are for a variety of skin diseases that are accompanied by severe skin itching.

Overdose

An atarax overdose is characterized by a number of symptoms:

- increased anticholinergic effects - paradoxical stimulation or depression of the central nervous system - involuntary motor activity - nausea - vomiting - impaired consciousness - hallucinations - arterial hypotension - arrhythmia - tremor, convulsions, disorientation in space (occurs rarely, when permissible doses are significantly exceeded).

Treatment of overdose begins with gastric lavage (in the absence of spontaneous vomiting, it is induced artificially). General therapeutic measures are carried out in order to support the vital functions of the body; until the signs of intoxication disappear, the patient is monitored (for about a day).

Norepinephrine or metaramenol may be given to produce a vasopressor effect. Epinephrine should not be used, since atarax suppresses its vasopressor effect.

There is no specific antidote. The use of hemodialysis in case of atarax overdose is ineffective.

Medical instructions for use

Atarax is taken orally or administered by intramuscular injection.

For the symptomatic treatment of itching in children:

• at the age of 1 to 6 years, the drug is prescribed in a daily dose of 1-2.5 mg/kg body weight in several doses;
• over the age of 6 years - at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/day in several doses.

For premedication in children, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight 1 hour before surgery, and additionally in the evening before surgery.

• For the symptomatic treatment of anxiety, adults are prescribed a dose of 25-100 mg/day in several doses during the day or at night. The average dose is 50 mg/day (12.5 mg in the morning, 12.5 mg in the afternoon and 25 mg at night).
• If necessary, the dose can be increased to 300 mg/day.
• For premedication in surgical practice, it is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 50-200 mg (1.5-2.5 mg/kg) 1 hour before surgery, and additionally in the evening before surgery.
• For the symptomatic treatment of itching, the initial dose is 25 mg; if necessary, the dose can be increased 4 times (25 mg 4 times a day). The maximum single dose should not exceed 200 mg, the maximum daily dose is no more than 300 mg.

In elderly patients, treatment begins with half the dose. In case of renal and/or liver failure, doses should be reduced.

The usual duration of treatment is four weeks, but depending on the patient's condition and diagnosis, the doctor may change these values.

Pharmakinetics

Absorption is high. The time to reach Cmax after oral administration is 2 hours; T1/2 in adults - 14 hours. Metabolites are found in breast milk.

After taking a single dose of 25 mg, the concentration in adults is 30 mg/ml, after taking 50 mg of hydroxyzine - 70 mg/ml. Bioavailability when taken orally and intramuscularly is 80%. Hydroxyzine is more concentrated in the skin than in plasma. The distribution coefficient is 7–16 l/kg in adults. Hydroxyzine penetrates the blood-brain barrier and the placenta, concentrating to a greater extent in fetal than maternal tissues. Hydroxyzine is metabolized in the liver. Cetirizine, the main metabolite (45%), is a pronounced H1 blocker. Total Cl of hydroxyzine is 13 ml/min/kg. Only 0.8% of hydroxyzine is excreted unchanged through the kidneys.

In children, total Cl is 4 times shorter than in adults, T1/2 is 11 hours in children aged 14 years and 4 hours at the age of 1 year.

In elderly patients T1/2 is 29 hours, distribution coefficient is 22.5 l/kg.

In patients with liver diseases, T1/2 increased to 37 hours, the concentration of metabolites in the blood serum was higher than in young patients with normal liver function. The antihistamine effect can last up to 96 hours after administration.

Side effects

The consequences of using Atarax are associated with its ability to affect the central nervous system, exhibit anticholinergic activity or provoke individual reactions of the body.

• Immune system: hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis
• Central nervous system: general weakness (most often at the beginning of the course), agitation, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, drowsiness/insomnia, headaches, sedation, dizziness, tremors of the limbs, convulsions, dyskinesia.
• Visual organs: accommodation disorder, decreased visual acuity
• CVS: tachycardia, QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia (pirouette type), hypotension
• Respiratory system: bronchospasm
• Digestive organs: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, changes in liver function tests
• Skin and subcutaneous tissue: rashes similar to erythema, urticaria, dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, dermatitis, erythema multiforme, Quincke's edema, increased sweating
• Genitourinary system: urinary retention
• Other: fatigue, general weakness, fever.
• The consequences of taking a large amount of Atarax provokes an overdose, which manifests itself in the form of enhanced side effects, primarily a strong anticholinergic effect, central nervous system suppression and the development of paradoxical conditions. In addition, intoxication manifests itself in the form of:
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Drowsiness.
• Uncontrolled motor activity.
• Hallucinations.
• Cloudiness of consciousness.
• Heart rhythm disturbances, arrhythmia.
• Decreased blood pressure, hypotension.
• Disorders of the pupillary reflex.
• Increase in temperature.

Side effects

There are two options for the development of events. Either there is severe lethargy of the whole body, or, on the contrary, severe overexcitability.

There are main aspects of side effects on the child’s body:

• Difficulties with urination occur;
• The mucous membrane of the mouth dries out;
• Change in accommodation;
• Frequent constipation;
• Lethargy of the whole body, incapacity;
• Drowsiness and anxiety;
• Migraine, headache;
• Vomiting, retching;
• Impaired coordination;
• Allergic reactions may occur;
• Heavy sweating;
• There may be bronchospasm.

Before use, be sure to consult an endocrinologist and consult at the time of need to take this drug.

Analogs

1. Hydroxyzine.
2. Adaptol.
3. Afobazol.
4. Gidazepam.
5. Phenazepam.
6. Relanium.
7. Grandaxin.
8. Diazepam.
9. Diazepex.
10. Zolomax.
11. Stremaza.
12. Vinpotropil.
13. Teraligen.
14. Phenibut.

When choosing analogues, you must remember that the instructions for use of Atarax, price and reviews do not apply to drugs of similar effect. Replacing the drug is permissible only after the recommendation of a doctor.

Which is better: Phenibut or Atarax?

Phenibut is a drug that has antihypoxic and nootropic effects. This drug effectively relieves anxiety, tension, and normalizes sleep. The cost of a package of Phenibut (20 pcs.) is about 170 rubles.

However, this drug is not a complete analogue, since the active ingredient of Phenibut is aminophenylbutyric acid. Therefore, only a doctor can decide to replace one drug with another.

Indications and contraindications

This medicine is intended for anyone who has problems with the nervous system. It can cure various phobias, irritability, activity and overexertion. It has a calming effect and can balance the child’s psyche. The drug paralyzes the muscles of helminths. It is prescribed to children from one year of age. This medicine is also intended to treat various allergic manifestations in children, getting rid of fears, anxiety and neuroses. It relaxes the muscles of the body and affects tissues and muscles. When taking the medicine, the child becomes calm, calmness normalizes and sleep improves.

There are also contraindications:

1. If a child has a hypersensitivity to this medicine, it should not be given;
2. It is especially not recommended to give the drug to children who are not yet one year old;
3. If you have porphyria, you do not need to take this remedy;
4. If children have lactase deficiency, then the drug is not given, since the tablets contain milk sugar;
5. When there is a violation of the absorption of simple carbohydrates in the child’s intestines, then you should not take the drug.

Children taking the drug may experience an overdose. Symptoms can vary, ranging from lethargy to overexcitement and severe anxiety. There may also even be loss of consciousness, convulsions, and body tremors. The central nervous system fails. In this case, it is necessary to urgently call emergency help and immediately induce vomiting in the child. It is necessary to rinse the stomach in a timely manner.

special instructions

If the patient needs to undergo allergy tests, treatment with the drug is stopped five days before the test.

• Patients who drive should note that the drug may affect reaction speed and concentration.
• If the patient has a history of seizures, then treatment with the drug should be administered very carefully.
• Considering the fact that Atarax has an anticholinergic effect, it should be used carefully to treat patients with glaucoma, constipation, myasthenia, and dementia. You should avoid taking sedatives while taking this drug.
• The drug is prescribed with caution to patients with cardiac arrhythmia and those who use antiarrhythmic drugs. When treating older people, half the dose of the drug is initially prescribed.

Contraindications

hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug, cetirizine and other piperazine derivatives, aminophylline or ethylenediamine;

porphyria;

pregnancy;

period of childbirth;

breastfeeding period.

hereditary galactose intolerance, impaired absorption of glucose-galactose (since the tablets contain lactose).

With caution: myasthenia gravis; prostatic hyperplasia with clinical manifestations, incl. difficulty urinating, constipation; increased intraocular pressure; dementia; tendency to seizures; patients prone to arrhythmia or receiving drugs that can cause arrhythmia; patients simultaneously receiving treatment with other CNS depressants or anticholinergic drugs (the dose should be reduced); patients with severe and moderate severity of renal failure, as well as liver failure (dose reduction is necessary); elderly patients (the dose is reduced in case of reduced glomerular filtration

Drug interactions

The simultaneous use of Atarax with cardiac glycosides, atropine, antihypertensive drugs, antihistamines does not reduce the pharmacological effect of these groups of drugs.

Atarax cannot be used in conjunction with drugs from the group of anticholinergics and MAO inhibitors.

With alcohol

Alcohol and Atarax cannot be combined, since drinking alcohol increases the effect of the drug. The use of Atarax with alcohol causes significant depression of central nervous system functions. This combination can increase the state of intoxication, lower blood pressure, and cause allergic reactions.

Interaction

It is necessary to take into account the potentiating effect of hydroxyzine when co-administered with drugs that depress the central nervous system, such as narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, tranquilizers, hypnotics, and alcohol. In this case, their dosages should be selected individually. Co-administration with MAO inhibitors and anticholinergics should be avoided. The drug interferes with the pressor effect of adrenaline and the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin, and also interferes with the action of betahistine and cholinesterase blocker drugs. The effect of atropine, belladonna alkaloids, digitalis, antihypertensives, and H2 receptor antagonists is not affected by hydroxyzine. It is a P450 2D6 inhibitor and in high doses may cause interaction with CYP2D6 substrates. Since hydroxyzine is metabolized in the liver, an increase in its concentration in the blood can be expected when co-administered with drugs that inhibit liver enzymes.

Ukrainian substitutes

Modern Ukrainian-made drugs will tell you how to replace atarax if there are contraindications to its use.

The list is given below:

• Gidazepam
  . Anxiolytic tranquilizer used for neurotic or psychopathic disorders accompanied by anxiety, irritability, suspiciousness, fear, sleep disorders, as well as chronic alcoholism.

  The product is prohibited for pregnant women, breastfeeding, and children. The average price is 120–220 rubles.

• Valevigran
  . The cheapest Ukrainian close substitute for atarax based on valerian extract. A sedative that effectively copes with increased nervous excitability, insomnia, and depression and anxiety. The average price is 45–55 rubles.
• To Dream
  . Inexpensive tablets based on valerian root have a calming effect on the central nervous system, normalize sleep and general emotional state. The average price is 40–65 rubles.

Storage conditions

The drug Atarax should be stored in a dark place, protected from direct sunlight. Storage temperature – no more than 25 degrees.

The drug is available with a prescription.

The drug should be kept away from children and patients who suffer from mental disorders. When storing the drug, avoid contact with sunlight. The drug is a prescription drug. The optimal storage temperature is 25 degrees.

By ATX code:

1. Hydroxyzine.

Properties of the drug

The medicine is developed on the basis of hydroxyzine dihydrochloride.
Atarax is not a central nervous system depressant .
It is characterized by the presence of antihistamine and bronchodilator properties. If taken in a therapeutic dosage, the secretory and acid-forming functions of the stomach will not be impaired. The drug is widely used for the treatment of dermatitis of various etiologies.

If the patient has impaired liver function, the duration of the antihistamine action can reach 96 hours. Atarax has antispasmodic, sympatholytic and analgesic properties. Thanks to the universal effect of the tablets, an increase in sleep duration and a decrease in awakenings at night are ensured. This product helps reduce muscle tone.

The active substance of Atarax is absorbed from the digestive system as quickly . After 2 hours after taking the medication, the maximum concentration of the active substance in the body is observed. The active substance crosses the placenta and can also pass into breast milk.

This is interesting! Why is diazepam prescribed: instructions for use

Belarusian generics

Belarusian generics, as a replacement for a cheap sedative medication, are presented in the table below:

Tranquilizer analogues

There are other anxiolytic drugs used to treat severe anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and other similar situations.

Analogues of Atarax, including group ones:

• "Relanium";
• "Phenazepam";
• "Grandaxin";
• "Diazepam";
• "Phenibut."

The drugs "Relanium", "Diazepam", "Sibazon" contain the same active substance, which is a benzodiazepine. This is the second generation of anxiolytics (hydroxyzine is the first). The lists of indications and contraindications have much in common with Atarax.

Each of us has encountered nervousness or irritability at least once, but there are situations when constant stress grips us and does not let us go, and leads to exhaustion of the nervous system. This condition needs to be dealt with, because it can lead to even bigger problems in the future. In this case, doctors prescribe anti-anxiety drugs such as Atarax or Afobazole to patients with increased nervous excitability. In this article, we will compare them and find out which one is better.

Pharmacological action and pharmacokinetics

The pharmacological group to which Atarax tablets belong is called anxiolytics (tranquilizers). Hydroxyzine reduces the excitability of parts of the brain that are responsible for the release of hormones and the strength of emotional reactions. Anxiolytic relieves anxiety. Treatment with drugs of this group is carried out under the supervision of specialists.

Pharmacological properties of hydroxyzine:

• relaxing (acts as a muscle relaxant);
• anti-anxiety;
• antihistamines;
• antiphobic;
• antiemetics;
• sleeping pills;
• sedatives.

Atarax is a psychotropic drug that suppresses phobias, negative emotions, and internal tension. The hypnotic effect of the drug is to speed up falling asleep and improve the quality of night's rest. Thanks to taking Atarax, the number of causeless awakenings at night is reduced and the duration of restful sleep is extended.

The medicine does not cause mental dependence or withdrawal syndrome, and also has other positive qualities. Unfortunately, along with relaxation of skeletal muscles, weakness and apathy may occur.

It is important that cognitive functions (memory, thinking) do not suffer during the treatment process.

Hydroxyzine is quickly and almost completely absorbed in the intestine. The bioavailability of the drug reaches 80% when taking tablets and intramuscular injections. The main volume is concentrated not in plasma, but in tissues. Hydroxyzine, like other tranquilizers, is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (between the systemic bloodstream and the central nervous system), as well as the placental barrier.

If you know why Atarax is prescribed, you can replace several medications (sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines) with one tablet.

Indications:

• skin itching of allergic origin;
• withdrawal syndrome (alcohol);
• combination of anxiety and depression;
• excessive irritability;
• psychomotor agitation;
• adaptation disorders;
• for premedication;
• neurasthenia;
• panic;

It is advisable to cope with everyday experiences, domestic and professional troubles without medications.

Atarax is prescribed to children for dermatoses (urticaria, allergic and other types of dermatitis, eczema). However, this antihistamine does not eliminate the cause of the body's unusual reaction.

Other foreign analogues

For a more complete overview of atarax analogues, one should consider its imported synonyms:

1. Grandaxin
   . A tranquilizer based on tofisopam. Indications include neuroses, depressive states, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual stress syndrome, menopausal syndrome, secondary neurotic symptoms, alcohol withdrawal.

   Country of origin: Hungary. The average price is 340–920 rubles.

2. Notta
   . Homeopathic remedy in the form of drops for oral administration with a pronounced anxiolytic effect. Effectively helps with psycho-emotional stress, sleep disorders, feelings of anxiety, tension, fatigue, and attention disorders.

   The drug is produced in Austria. The average price is 210–500 rubles.

3. Persen
   . Capsules with valerian, lemon mint and peppermint containing sedative and antispasmodic effects. It is used for increased nervous excitability, irritability, and insomnia. Inexpensive imported sedative.

   Country of origin: Slovenia, Switzerland. The average price is 195–590 rubles.

Atarax and its close substitutes are medications that affect the central nervous system. The drugs have side effects and contraindications, so you should read the instructions carefully. The initial use of sedatives should be agreed with a doctor.

Please note that these medications can affect the patient's psychomotor skills. During the treatment period, you should limit your activities to potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and quick reaction.

Related Posts

Increased anxiety and nervous tension are conditions that complicate professional activities, family life, and recreation. "Atarax" helps to cope with causeless fears and nervousness. A mild sedative and anxiolytic, it does not cause addiction and does not impair intellectual activity.

Contraindications for use

According to the annotation for the drug, the use of Atarax is contraindicated in:

• Porphyria;
• Pregnancy and lactation;
• Impaired absorption of glucose and galactose;
• Angle-closure glaucoma;
• Hereditary galactose intolerance;
• The presence of hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, any auxiliary component of the drug, as well as cetirizine, aminophylline, ethylenediamine, piperazine derivatives.

The drug Atarax is not prescribed if a person has a history of the following conditions or diseases:

• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding;
• porphyria;
• allergy to the composition;

Patients with pathologies of the kidneys, liver, heart, diabetes mellitus, as well as hereditary glucose intolerance take the medicine with caution. Atarax is intended only for patients with a history of mental and nervous disorders. The medicine cannot be used for prophylactic purposes or without first consulting a doctor.

Application

Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to any substance included in the drug, as well as to cetirizine and drugs containing piperazine, aminophylline, ethylenediamine or their derivatives. Prescribing and taking the drug is contraindicated if the patient has porphyria. The lactose content of Atarax precludes its use in patients with hereditary galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption.

1. Porphyria;
2. Pregnancy and lactation;
3. Impaired absorption of glucose and galactose;
4. Angle-closure glaucoma;
5. Hereditary galactose intolerance;
6. The presence of hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, any auxiliary component of the drug, as well as to cetirizine,
7. aminophylline, ethylenediamine, piperazine derivatives.

Atarax tablets

According to the medical classification, the drug Atarax has anxiolytic activity, is a tranquilizer, is used to treat anxiety, as a sedative and a component of somatic therapy for itching. Previously, the medicine was produced in the form of a solution for intramuscular injection and tablets, but today you can only buy the tablet format.

Compound

There are two formats of the medication: tablets and solution for intramuscular administration. The detailed composition of each is given below:

pharmachologic effect

The active substance hydroxyzine hydrochloride is a derivative of diphenylmethane, has moderate tranquilizer activity, and has an antiemetic and sedative effect. The drug has an antihistamine effect and anticholinergic effect. The latter consists of blocking central cholinergic receptors and histamine receptors, inhibiting the activity of certain areas of the brain. According to the instructions, Atarax does not cause dependence or addiction of the psyche. The clinical effect is observed half an hour after ingestion.

The medication has a positive effect on a person’s cognitive abilities and is designed to improve memory and concentration. The mechanism of action is to relax the smooth muscles of the skeleton. Atarax has an analgesic effect and a bronchodilator effect, moderately suppresses the production of gastric juice. The active substance relieves itching in urticaria, eczema, and allergic dermatitis. Long-term use does not threaten addiction/dependence syndrome, deterioration of brain function, or mental depression.

According to research, patients with insomnia and anxiety, when taking Atarax, experience an increase in sleep duration, and their frequency of awakenings decreases after a single dose of 50 mg of the drug. If you take the medication three times a day at the indicated dose, muscle tension during anxiety decreases. Absorption occurs in the gastrointestinal tract; hydroxyzine reaches its maximum concentration two hours after ingestion.

Bioavailability is 80%, the substance is concentrated in tissues, skin, plasma, penetrates the blood-brain and placental barriers, and is found in breast milk. Metabolized in the liver, the hydroxyzine metabolite cetirizine blocks histamine receptors in the psyche. The total clearance is 13 ml/min/kg, the half-life in adults is 14 hours. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the concentration of metabolites are observed in elderly patients and in patients with liver dysfunction.

Indications for use

Atarax - instructions for its use indicate the following indications for use of the drug in adults:

• reduction of anxiety, psychomotor agitation;
• increased irritability;
• neurological, mental diseases;
• chronic alcoholism;
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome;
• psychomotor agitation;
• somatic allergic diseases;
• sedative during premedication;
• skin diseases, reduces itching.