What does hemorrhoids look like? 2 types and 4 stages, photos and videos

If you feel discomfort in the anus, then most likely this is the initial stage of hemorrhoids. What is this disease, and what does hemorrhoids look like? This disease is divided into two types - internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. Moreover, both of these types look different and have their own initial stage, the presence of which, unfortunately, can only be determined by a proctologist during the examination. And if with external hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoids will be located externally, which in principle, it would seem, can be seen by any of the patients, then with internal hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoids are located in the rectum, and without a special apparatus it is impossible to see them. External hemorrhoids at the initial stage of their development are almost invisible.

Hemorrhoids: what is it?

Hemorrhoids are a proctological disease that is based on the expansion and deformation of the veins of the cavernous (hemorrhoidal) plexuses of the anorectal region, as a result of which they enlarge and turn into hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids most often affect young people, especially men, although this disease is also not uncommon in women. But the worst thing is that teenagers, children and even babies can suffer from this unpleasant and insidious disease.

According to the World Health Organization, about 75% of the world's adult population suffers from hemorrhoidal disease. But what is more frustrating is that only half of patients seek specialized help.

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What not to do when the venous plexus has prolapsed

Many people think that it is necessary to move. Of course, physical activity is a method of preventing hemorrhoids. But when the venous plexuses have already come out, it is better to limit them.

So, if the nodes fall out, the patient is prohibited from:

1. Walk. The patient should lie on his back, this reduces the load on the muscles of the rectal area.
2. Use toilet paper. Only washing with running water at room temperature is allowed.
3. Wear tight underwear, tight pants, shorts, as they will put pressure on the pelvic organs.
4. Lie on a soft surface. The bed should be quite hard.
5. Sitting on the toilet for a long time. If you cannot have a bowel movement, you need to give a laxative enema.

What are the causes of hemorrhoids?

Experts around the world have come to the general opinion that hemorrhoids belong to multifactorial diseases, but its main causes lie in impaired blood flow and weakness of the rectal muscle corset.

Various negative factors lead to an increase in blood pressure in the vessels of the abdominal cavity, as a result of which blood actively flows into the cavernous veins, which cannot cope with the load placed on them.

Therefore, over time, hemorrhoidal veins lose their tone, expand and become deformed, turning into hemorrhoidal cones.

As hemorrhoids progress, the nodes enlarge even more and begin to sag through the anal ring, since the muscle fibers of the rectum can no longer hold them inside the rectal canal.

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Briefly about the causes of the disease

Many scientists consider venous insufficiency, which is characterized by weakness of the walls of blood vessels and malfunction of vascular valves, to be the main source of the pathological process in the anorectal region.

Difficulty emptying the rectum can cause hemorrhoids.

Passion for alcoholic beverages causes the development of the disease.

As a result of failures, blood stagnates in the hemorrhoidal veins located in the rectal canal and around the anal ring. And this is fraught with deformation and protrusion of the walls of blood vessels and cavernous (cavernous) formations in which they are located.

And yet, this root cause alone is not enough to cause negative symptoms to occur. In order for hemorrhoidal disease to begin to bother a person, the action of provoking factors is necessary.

The following act as catalysts:

• genetic predisposition;
• physical inactivity;
• difficulty emptying the rectum;
• passion for alcoholic drinks;
• abuse of salty, smoked, spicy, pickled foods;
• lifting weights, intense physical activity;
• inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs;
• bearing a child.

Abuse of smoked food is a kind of catalyst for the appearance of hemorrhoids. The result of the action of one of these factors or their combination becomes blood-filled cavities - enlarged and deformed. It is they who become the hemorrhoids that lead to the appearance of unpleasant symptoms.

Risk factors

Now let's look at the factors that contribute to hemorrhoidal vein dysfunction. These include the following :

• sedentary lifestyle. People with a lack of physical activity often suffer from hemorrhoids. These are mainly people with a “sedentary” profession, namely: teachers, programmers, drivers, cashiers, clerks, salesmen, etc.;
• excessive physical activity. Loaders, builders, masons, metallurgists, lumberjacks and other people whose work activity involves heavy lifting often get sick. Also, the risk of hemorrhoids is high in weightlifting athletes;
• unbalanced diet. The predominance of fatty, fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods in the diet, as well as protein foods of animal origin and a deficiency of plant fiber lead to disruption of intestinal function;
• chronic constipation or diarrhea. Both intestinal dysfunctions negatively affect the condition of hemorrhoidal veins. During constipation, the pressure in the vessels of the rectum increases and, in addition, solid feces irritate the mucous membrane of the rectal canal. With diarrhea, frequent trips to the toilet “in a big way” also lead to an active flow of blood to the veins of the rectum, and liquid feces irritate its mucous membrane;
• heavy heredity. Some experts consider heredity to be the most important factor in the development of hemorrhoids, since the weakness of the venous apparatus of the rectum begins at the embryonic level. And we can agree with this opinion, because hemorrhoids occur more often in those whose close relatives suffer from this disease;
• regular abuse of alcoholic beverages. As you know, alcohol increases blood pressure, including in the vessels of the abdominal cavity, so drinkers are also at risk of hemorrhoids;
• pregnancy and natural childbirth. We will talk about these factors in more detail later in the topic;
• pelvic tumors. Volumetric formations in the pelvic cavity compress the vessels of the rectum, as a result of which the outflow of blood is disrupted and favorable conditions are created for hemorrhoids.

FAQ

1. Question: “After giving birth, something bulges out of my anus, as if a tail has grown, or an intestine has protruded.
   There is pain and itching all the time, what is it?” Answer: “In most cases, after childbirth, a hemorrhoidal anal fold of skin (fimbria) appears, which occurs after thrombosis of the external nodes.”
2. Question: “Something unusual came out of my butt and won’t retract back, I feel pain, will I live?”
   Answer: “Don’t panic so much, contact a proctologist. This is a common manifestation of the acute phase of hemorrhoids. Most often it is thrombosis of the hemorrhoidal node.”
3. Question: “After every trip to the toilet to have a bowel movement, I get lumps or nodules.
   After 5 to 10 minutes they disappear, as if they are being drawn in.” Answer: “This is a sign of internal hemorrhoids! If the nodes retract inward on their own, it means that the disease is just beginning to develop. A competent treatment regimen from an experienced proctologist can get rid of the problem in the shortest possible time.”
4. Question: “My knots come out with any strain.
   Sometimes you just sneeze and feel that a problem has begun. Recently I picked up a bag of groceries and felt that they were bulging out. What will help me? Answer: “In such cases, surgery cannot be avoided. Now such operations are called minimally invasive procedures that are done in a few minutes, and the person continues to live a full life. But delaying treatment is fraught with serious complications.”

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Important

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What types of hemorrhoids are there?

Hemorrhoids, like many other diseases, are divided into several types, depending on the location of the hemorrhoids. In addition, the type of hemorrhoids affects not only the choice of treatment tactics, but also how it will look in the photo.

Experts distinguish the following types of hemorrhoids:

• rectal (internal) hemorrhoids;
• external hemorrhoids;
• combined hemorrhoids.

Let's take a closer look at each type of hemorrhoid.

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Internal hemorrhoids: its features, symptoms and photos

Internal hemorrhoids are said to occur when hemorrhoids form from the cavernous veins of the submucosal layer of the rectum and are localized inside the rectal canal above the dentate line.

In the initial stages of the disease, patients may experience discomfort, itching and burning in the anus, as well as a feeling of incomplete bowel movement. As the disease progresses, the symptoms expand - pain and bleeding appear during bowel movements. When hemorrhoids become large, they begin to fall out of the rectum.

The patient cannot independently determine the presence of internal hemorrhoids at the start of the disease, but when they fall out, the diagnosis becomes quite clear (see photo of internal hemorrhoids).

External hemorrhoids: its features, symptoms and photos

External hemorrhoids are varicose veins of the cavernous veins that are located under the skin around the anal ring.

External hemorrhoids look like dense cherry-colored bumps that are covered with skin. The presented pictures clearly demonstrate the localization of external hemorrhoids.

If internal hemorrhoids cannot be seen in the first stages of the disease, then the patient can see external hemorrhoids with the naked eye.

External hemorrhoids are characterized by severe pain from the very beginning of the disease. In addition, with this form of the disease, hemorrhoidal bleeding and thrombosis of cones are more common. This tendency is explained by the fact that the nodes are constantly injured by underwear, tight clothing or the hard surface of a chair.

Hemorrhoidal node - what is it?

The changes that have occurred in the vessels located in the anorectal region lead to the formation of hemorrhoids, which are essentially a hypertrophied plexus of blood vessels. They are based on cavernous bodies, located under the layer of rectal mucosa and under the skin of the anus. They play an important role in many functions of the excretory system; without them, the smooth functioning of the lower intestine is impossible; changes in their condition disrupt the processes of excretion of feces. If, for a number of reasons, their work is disrupted, blood stagnation occurs due to the impossibility of its complete drainage.

Stages of hemorrhoids: signs and photographs

In the process of development of chronic hemorrhoids, it is customary to distinguish four stages. This classification is based on the severity of symptoms and the presence of hemorrhoidal prolapse.

First stage: what does incipient hemorrhoids look like in the photo?

As we have already said, the first stage of the disease can only be determined by a professional, since hemorrhoids are located inside the rectal canal and have not yet fallen out.

At this stage, few people seek medical help, because the symptoms of hemorrhoids are not expressed, and patients either do not notice them or attribute them to other causes. In addition, this stage may begin asymptomatically.

The first thing patients may notice is a sensation of a foreign body inside the anal canal or a feeling of incomplete bowel movement after bowel movement.

Sometimes a hemorrhoidal lump can be injured by a hard canal, as a result of which drops of blood will be noticeable on the toilet paper. But some patients are not afraid of even this manifestation of the disease.

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Second stage: how does it manifest?

At the second stage, the above-described symptoms of hemorrhoids are supplemented by prolapse of hemorrhoids during defecation, which are immediately set back.

In photographs, such nodules look like red tumor-like formations of small size and soft consistency.

Third stage: symptoms and image of prolapsed hemorrhoids

The third stage is already considered an advanced form of hemorrhoids, since at this stage of the disease the nodes fall out not only during bowel movements, but with strong coughing, intense laughter, sneezing, deep squats or heavy lifting.

Also, a distinctive feature of the third stage is that the node can no longer return to its place on its own, so patients have to manually insert it into the rectum.

Prolapse of hemorrhoids is accompanied by severe pain. Also, the node may become pinched in the anus, which requires immediate contact with a proctologist, since this complication threatens its necrosis.

Pay attention to the picture shown, it perfectly depicts prolapsed hemorrhoids.

Stage four: pictures of advanced hemorrhoids

The fourth stage of hemorrhoids is the most severe form of the disease, since hemorrhoids are almost always located outside the rectum and cannot be set back even manually. In addition, the course of the fourth stage is often complicated by thrombosis, strangulation and necrosis of hemorrhoidal cones.

See what hemorrhoids look like in the photo with stage 4 hemorrhoids.

At this stage of the disease, the pain becomes constant and so severe that patients cannot sit, stand, or lie, and rectal bleeding can begin from the slightest trauma to the nodes.

Initial stage of external hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids look like weak manifestations in the anus. It can make itself felt with the following symptoms and signs:

• Patients experience discomfort during defecation, which quickly develops into pain;
• after defecation there remains a feeling of dissatisfaction with the process;
• itching, burning, and a feeling of fullness appear in the anus;
• There may be a small amount of blood on the toilet paper that appears when it cracks.

The initial stage of external hemorrhoids appears in patients approximately 20-50 years old. Most often, according to statistics, hemorrhoids are recorded in men. But for women, hemorrhoids typically worsen during pregnancy and after childbirth, when the blood circulation of the pelvis is activated. Hemorrhoids are rare in girls.

External hemorrhoids differ from internal hemorrhoids in the prolapse of the nodes themselves, which requires their reduction, and the initial stage of hemorrhoids in women and men is almost the same, with the same symptoms. Stage 1 of external hemorrhoids occurs completely unnoticeably for patients. At stage 4, operational options for helping patients are already being considered.

The initial stage in men and women, if untreated, can quickly develop into more serious complications, for example, the proliferation of hemorrhoids and its thrombosis. All types of external hemorrhoids (photo in gal.) require a qualified approach to treatment.

What does hemorrhoids look like in women?

Female hemorrhoids are practically no different from male hemorrhoids. The main difference is not the symptoms or appearance of hemorrhoids, but the factors that cause them.

Male hemorrhoids more often occur against the background of heavy physical labor, poor diet, alcohol abuse, etc. The causes of female hemorrhoids are mainly a sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy and childbirth.

A common cause of hemorrhoids in girls is improper control of excess weight. The desire to achieve ideal parameters prompts them to starve and go on strict unbalanced diets, which lead to constipation, which, in turn, negatively affects the vascular network of the rectum.

Therefore, let us consider the features of hemorrhoidal vein disease, which is caused by these factors.

How to recognize the stage of pathology by appearance

The stage of the disease takes into account not only the appearance of the nodes, but also the symptoms and the nature of changes in the surrounding tissues. Details are presented in the section “What do external and internal hemorrhoids look like by stage?”.

The appearance of the node may indicate the presence of thrombosis of the vessel if the color changes to bluish or blackness appears. Pinched nodes look similar. Serious mucus discharge from the rectum with irritation and dermatitis of the skin around the anus indicates that the process is neglected.

What does hemorrhoids look like in women?

Hemorrhoids do not differ by gender. It looks the same in both men and women. Most often develops during pregnancy. This affects stagnation in the pelvis, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and constipation.

The load on the venous network of the rectum increases in women:

• during menstruation;
• during labor;
• for ladies involved in bodybuilding;
• for benign tumors of the uterus;
• when smoking and drinking alcohol.

How quickly the properties of the rectal veins are restored depends on the hereditary predisposition in the structure of the connective tissue and collagen content.

Loss of pelvic muscle tone leads to prolapse of internal and external hemorrhoids and increases the number of female problems.

Hemorrhoids in men - how to diagnose by external signs?

Most men suffer from hemorrhoids between the ages of 30 and 50. A particularly difficult situation arises for drivers of passenger vehicles and office employees.

Bad habits such as smoking and alcoholism additionally affect the tone of the vessels of the pelvic organs.

Men are more likely than women to be afraid to show their perineum to a doctor. Therefore, they come with an advanced stage of the disease. A feature of the pathology is considered to have a negative effect on potency and the prostate. Inflammation from hemorrhoids spreads to neighboring organs and contributes to the development of chronic prostatitis at a young age.

For diagnosis, palpation examination of the anus, sigmoidoscopy, anoscopy, and, if necessary, colonoscopy are used.

What do hemorrhoids look like in babies and children?

Hemorrhoids are rare in childhood. The fact is that the child has underdevelopment of the venous cavernous bodies of the rectum. Formation ends by adolescence in older schoolchildren. In infants and younger schoolchildren, hemorrhoids are caused by:

• constipation due to intestinal microflora disturbance;
• prolonged uncontrolled sitting on the potty;
• screaming and crying;
• congenital anomaly in the form of dilation of hemorrhoidal veins;
• dry food;
• deficiency of vegetables and fruits in the diet.

The addition of “adult” reasons plays a role in adolescents (low mobility, sitting in front of the TV and computer, trying alcohol and cigarettes).

The course is often asymptomatic. A lump in the anal area is discovered by chance when washing the baby after stool. With rest, the nodule disappears. Inflammation and blood in the stool indicate the development of the process and the possibility of thrombosis. The child's temperature rises. In children, hemorrhoids can be mistaken for rectal prolapse or cyst. Therefore, the symptom requires consultation with a pediatric surgeon.

Hemorrhoids during pregnancy

When carrying a child, expectant mothers have a high risk of developing hemorrhoids. This is explained by the fact that pregnant women become less mobile, do not always eat properly, often gain extra pounds, are prone to constipation, and on top of all this, the pregnant belly puts pressure on the vessels of the rectum, disrupting the outflow of blood from them.

The first signs of hemorrhoids in women often appear in the second trimester. If a girl or woman has not had this disease before, then the nodes may not fall out. But if there is a history of hemorrhoids, then untimely contact with a specialist threatens the rapid progression of the disease.

Therefore, regardless of whether hemorrhoids have appeared for the first time or have relapsed, it is necessary to consult a proctologist in order to treat them before childbirth. After all, the birth process can aggravate the inflammation of hemorrhoids.

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The hemorrhoid is bleeding - what to do?

Usually, those who have hemorrhoids get used to their pathological condition and decide to visit a doctor only when blood appears. As a rule, the sight of blood frightens patients, and they decide to have a medical consultation and examination, often no longer hoping for the best. But traces of blood are not considered a mandatory symptom of the severe stage of hemorrhoids; they can appear from time to time even in the event of the onset of the disease. The degree of damage is determined directly by the amount of blood released, as well as by the duration and intensity of bleeding. Bleeding hemorrhoids can be eliminated with the help of medications, treatment of which is carried out strictly on the recommendation of a doctor in accordance with the dose of the drug prescribed by him and the duration of the course of therapy. Carrying out treatment requires patience from the patient, since it is not always possible to get rid of the pathology quickly.

In addition to using medicinal methods to treat bleeding hemorrhoids, they often resort to using folk methods to eliminate this disorder. Initially, if you notice traces of blood, you just need to wash the affected area with cold water. Often this is enough to stop the bleeding. At home, suppositories with hemostatic properties are usually used, which can eliminate not only bleeding, but also prevent inflammation and swelling. This type of medicine is prescribed by a doctor based on the patient’s individual indications and the stage of the disease. A special effect can be obtained from Gepatrombin suppositories; they increase blood clotting and eliminate symptoms of inflammation.

You can use traditional methods of treatment to prevent bleeding caused by hemorrhoids. For this purpose, medicinal herbs are used in the form of decoctions, which can be taken internally, and as external agents. With their help, it is possible to achieve visible effects and eliminate or reduce the negative manifestations of hemorrhoids. For inflammation of hemorrhoids accompanied by bleeding, they use douching, washing, baths with decoctions of wheatgrass rhizomes, bark and leaves of hazel, raspberry, horsetail, celandine, oak bark and many other plants that have similar properties.

Hemorrhoids after childbirth

During childbirth, contractions and pushing, especially if a woman has other risk factors for hemorrhoids, provoke the appearance of hemorrhoids or cause an exacerbation of the chronic process.

After giving birth, women are busy caring for the child, and they do not have enough time or energy to take care of their health, so the disease progresses.

Women are also afraid to start treatment for their illness, since most drugs pass into breast milk and can harm the baby. But there is no need to be afraid of this, since an experienced specialist will be able to choose the safest method of dealing with hemorrhoids after childbirth.

The first symptoms of the onset of the disease

The initial signs of the disease should be a signal for immediate treatment and prevention of complications of hemorrhoids. Regardless of the patient’s gender and age, symptoms can be expressed complexly or individually.

The first thing to appear with hemorrhoids is discomfort after defecation, a sensation of the presence of a foreign object in the anus. Such symptoms worsen after overeating, poor nutritional balance, and intestinal upset (diarrhea, constipation).

Photo:

Stages of hemorrhoids

The latter phenomenon is common among the “fair half” of people suffering from hemorrhoids. Pregnancy and the postpartum stage are the most appropriate time for constipation to occur due to hormonal imbalance, or it can be a symptom of hemorrhoids that appear with an enlarged uterus, during pushing, muscle tension and the passage of the fetus through the birth canal. All these factors influence excessive pressure of the pelvic vessels.

Therefore, tingling in the anus in women should be perceived with caution, especially after the above significant events in life.

Such a symptom as bleeding is the first and main symptom of hemorrhoids. During or after a bowel movement, a trickle of scarlet blood appears. Characteristics of hemorrhoidal bleeding are feces that are not mixed with blood, but covered with it.

Excessive blood loss due to hemorrhoids can cause anemia. Blood clots indicate the initial stage of the thrombotic process. In general, rectal bleeding should be the first reason to seek help, since in addition to hemorrhoids, they can signal symptoms of malignant neoplasms.

A burning sensation and itching sensation in the area of ​​the posterior opening is also the first sign of hemorrhoids, caused by the process of swelling of the skin during mucous discharge from the intestines, which causes the appearance of eczema. Itching can also appear with allergic reactions to rectal suppositories, with healing wounds, or cracks in the posterior opening.

Pain cannot be called the first symptom of hemorrhoids, but it should not be ignored. It appears with inflammation of hemorrhoidal nodules, their strangulation, and with cracks in the walls of the anal canal. Painful sensations may occur during bowel movements and last for some time.

Mucus discharge from the anus indicates inflammatory processes in the lower intestine, and causes swelling, redness of the anal passage and subsequent itching sensations.

The next symptom, already significant and obvious, is the protrusion of hemorrhoids, indicating the progress of hemorrhoids.

There are three degrees of prolapse of hemorrhoids:

Hemorrhoids are characterized by alternating periods of weakening and exacerbation. During periods of remission, there is an absence of symptoms and complaints from patients. But physical stress, consumption of alcohol, fatty and spicy foods leads to bleeding and aggravation of the problem.

Diagnostics: how to determine the presence of hemorrhoids?

A professional can identify external hemorrhoids at first glance, but to diagnose the rectal form of the disease, additional studies will be needed: anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and fibrocolonoscopy.

The most informative method for diagnosing internal hemorrhoids is sigmoidoscopy - insertion into the rectum of a rigid tube with a lighting device and lenses, with which the doctor can examine the mucous membrane of the rectal canal and hemorrhoids.

Fibercolonoscopy, an endoscopic examination of the large intestine, can also be used.

Photos of conditions similar to hemorrhoids

The question of how to determine hemorrhoidal disease and its stage is best entrusted to an experienced professional

Seeing a doctor is extremely important because the manifestations and appearance of some pathological conditions resemble hemorrhoids in men and women.

Photos of genital warts

Condylomas, or, as they are also called, genital warts, are the result of a viral disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes of the perineum.

Overgrown epithelium in the anus is often confused with symptoms of varicose veins. However, inflamed external hemorrhoidal nodules are located only at the edges of the rectal opening or completely surround the entire anus.

A photograph of genital warts shows that they form real colonial communities and can be located throughout the perineal area, on the external genitalia (the external female labia and the male penis).

Condylomas, or, as they are also called, genital warts, are the result of a viral disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes of the perineum.

Anal fimbriae are hanging dense folds in the area of ​​the rectal opening that resemble flower petals or polypous growths.

The symptoms and appearance of rectal polyposis resemble those of hemorrhoidal disease.

Condylomas are distinguished by a thin stalk, and their cover is heterogeneous and similar to cauliflower fruits. The overgrown epithelium does not lead to pain and reminds itself only with mechanical injury.

Anal fringes

These formations are hanging dense folds in the area of ​​the rectal opening, which resemble flower petals or polypous growths.

In addition to surgery on the rectum, the growth shown can provoke:

• inflammation in the rectal canal;
• hemorrhoids after childbirth (due to straining);
• acute or chronic ailments of the anal canal;
• prolonged difficulties with bowel movements.

The main difference between rectal “petals” and external or prolapsed cavernous formations is the absence of pain, bleeding, inflammatory processes and growth of formations.

Photos of intestinal polyps

The symptoms and appearance of rectal polyposis resemble those of hemorrhoidal disease. How does it manifest itself? A person is accompanied by symptoms such as:

• discomfort in the anus area;
• pain during bowel movements;
• blood traces of varying intensity;
• feeling of the presence of a foreign object in the rectal canal.

How are these states different? Hemorrhoids, as an “anal” disease, have a clear localization - the anorectal area. Polyps easily form in almost any hollow organ, but in most cases they arise in the rectal canal from the mucous membrane.

Mucous formations extremely rarely extend beyond the rectal canal, which cannot be said about hemorrhoids.

The prolapse of hemorrhoidal nodules is typical already for the second stage of the disease, but if the process is neglected, the emergence of cavernous formations becomes regular.

However, if the polyp has grown sufficiently, prolapse cannot be ruled out. The problem is that an emerging rectal polyp is almost impossible to distinguish from cavernous formations on your own.

That is why it is the attending physician who must answer the question of what pathological process is tormenting the patient. And if hemorrhoids can still be treated with medications, then polyps must be removed so that they do not degenerate into malignant formations. Read more about this pathology.

Objective signs of hemorrhoids and their photos

With the help of endoscopic examinations, it is possible to detect minimal changes in the mucous membrane of the rectal canal, cracks, ulcers and erosion. Also, many endoscopic devices are equipped with biopsy forceps, which allows for histological testing, if necessary.

In the photographs presented, you can see a small internal hemorrhoidal node, which only protrudes into the lumen of the rectum, as well as a fairly large hemorrhoidal lump. As you can see, they are covered with the rectal mucosa, the structure and folds of which are not changed, which is a significant difference between hemorrhoids and cancer.

In the presence of thrombosis, hemorrhoids become tense and acquire a bluish-purple color. In case of necrosis of the node, a dark area with clear boundaries will be determined on its surface.

What to do if it comes out - how to remove a hemorrhoid

Patients suffering from hemorrhoids are usually well aware of what to do in cases where hemorrhoids come out. Drop-out nodes must be carefully put back into place; this is done simply and only in cases where they lose the ability to do this on their own. The anus area is first washed with cold water or treated with a damp cloth with antibacterial properties. The application of cold, for example, ice cubes placed in a napkin, can relieve pain. However, when using this method, it is necessary to take into account that in the case of an inflammatory process or at elevated temperatures, cold is not applied.

In a pose on all fours, the knot is adjusted using fingers lubricated with Vaseline; you can use rubber gloves for these purposes, which, however, are not always available. Using your index finger, the knot is carefully inserted into the rectal area, and for everything to happen with greater ease, you need to try to completely relax during the procedure. After completion, it is necessary to remain in a lying position for half an hour, and to achieve the greatest fixation of the node, keep the anus retracted for a couple of minutes.

If frequently falling out nodes are observed, special attention must be paid to hygiene requirements. Replace toilet paper with wet wipes, or even better, wash with cool water after each bowel movement. Underwear is preferably made of cotton, but at the same time elastic, capable of keeping knots in place and preventing them from falling out. If the nodes are accompanied by bleeding, it is necessary to use sanitary pads and do not forget to replace them.

How to treat hemorrhoids?

Treatment of hemorrhoids should first of all be comprehensive, that is, aimed simultaneously at the causes and symptoms of the disease.

Hemorrhoids, the treatment of which was started in a timely manner, can be stopped. Therefore, the sooner you contact a professional, the better your chances of a full recovery.

The choice of treatment tactics for hemorrhoids depends on the stage of the hemorrhoidal process. The initial stages of the disease are treated with conservative methods, and advanced forms are treated only with surgical intervention.

Regardless of the chosen tactics to combat hemorrhoids, the patient must follow a diet and lead an active and healthy lifestyle.

The main causes and characteristic signs of hemorrhoids in men

Despite the fact that this disease is not considered fatal, it can still complicate normal life activities. Sometimes with serious consequences and complications.

It is inappropriate to look for the culprits here, since patients themselves, due to the sensitivity of the problem, often turn to specialists in the later stages of hemorrhoids, and this significantly complicates treatment.

In advanced forms, a surgeon’s scalpel will be required. And what’s most offensive is that the patients themselves are largely to blame.

Late visit to the clinic to a proctologist, lack of proper treatment only aggravates the problem. In the initial stages, hemorrhoids are much easier to overcome than in advanced forms.

Men, you are at risk!

The risk group primarily includes men whose occupation involves heavy physical labor: loaders, builders, athletes. And also those who spend most of their working time in a sitting position: long-distance drivers, businessmen, computer scientists, office workers.

Addiction to drinking beer and stronger alcoholic drinks, high-calorie and unhealthy snacks, including fast foods, also provoke the development of the disease.

The peak age of incidence in men is from 30 to 50 years. Moreover, it is men who often tend to neglect the first signs of hemorrhoids at an early stage.

A visit to the proctologist is constantly postponed until later, and in the meantime the disease progresses and becomes chronic, and then advanced.

Knowledge of the symptoms of the disease will allow you to recognize hemorrhoids at the initial stage of development. You need to visit a doctor immediately, putting aside unreasonable fears.

After all, the disease itself at the initial stage responds well to conservative therapy, but its consequences are much worse and more dangerous.

In addition to sedentary work or heavy physical activity, the reasons for the development of hemorrhoids in men can be:

• heredity;
• absence of a valve in the hemorrhoidal vein;
• chronic constipation;
• alcohol and smoking;
• blood flow disorders;
• infection with infectious diseases;
• inflammatory processes and tumors of the liver or intestines.

Further, seals form in these places, turning into hemorrhoids.

When the first signs occur, you must contact the clinic to prescribe complex therapy.

Otherwise, the disease enters an advanced stage, and this is fraught with:

• bowel prolapse;
• thrombosis;
• paraproctitis;
• formation of fistulas;
• gas gangrene and other serious consequences.

In the pelvis, over time, blood begins to accumulate in the venous plexuses. The vein is deformed, there is no outflow of blood from it, and as a result, seals are formed that develop into hemorrhoids.

It is very difficult to wean a man, unlike women, from habits that have been established for years and force him to maintain a healthy lifestyle: walking to work rather than driving, not drinking beer and strong drinks along with high-calorie and unhealthy snacks, changing the diet in principle (men do not use diets to lose weight, and even if they do, only a few do).

It is very important to observe moderation in everything, not to overload the body with seemingly harmless habits. . At each stage the disease manifests itself differently

At each stage the disease manifests itself differently

Each symptom that manifests itself during hemorrhoids belongs to a specific phase of development.

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Conservative treatment

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids consists of taking systemic venotonic drugs and using local dosage forms - suppositories, creams, ointments and gels.

Today, the most effective systemic medications for hemorrhoids are Detralex, Troxevasin and Phlebodia 600, which normalize the tone of the cavernous veins, reduce the permeability of their walls and normalize blood circulation in the choroid plexus of the rectum.

The action of suppositories and ointments against hemorrhoids is mainly aimed at relieving the symptoms of the disease, since they may contain analgesics, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antithrombotic, antimicrobial and other drugs. The choice of medication depends on the type and leading symptom of hemorrhoids, as well as the presence of complications.

Most often, patients are prescribed suppositories with sea buckthorn oil, Relief, Proctosedyl, Gepatrombin G, Posterisan, Procto-Glivenol, Natalsid and others. Among antihemorrhoidal ointments, the most popular are Aurobin, Troxevasin, Gepatrombin G, Proctosan, Levomekol and Fleming's ointment.

Also, conservative therapy for hemorrhoids can be supplemented with folk remedies, if the treating doctor allows it.

Treating hemorrhoids at home

It should be remembered that hemorrhoids can be cured at home only in the initial stages - the first, sometimes the second. The other two stages are treated only under the supervision of a specialist. Traditional medicine is diverse. Therefore, homemade candles are widely used nowadays. These include:

1. Ice candles with herbs. Help relieve itching, soreness, bruising;
2. Candles made from raw vegetables. Suppositories are prepared from raw potatoes, beets or garlic and inserted into the rectum overnight. This treatment relieves inflammation, dries and relieves pain;
3. Honey candles. A small piece of honey is frozen in the form of a candle (you can add aloe and chamomile to the honey). The finished suppository is administered at night;
4. Wax candles with pine resin perfectly help relieve inflammation and prevent the development of infection;
5. Baths with chamomile, mint, green tea, potassium permanganate solution, pine cones. Such water procedures are usually carried out overnight in warm water;
6. Microclysters with oils, decoction of corn, chamomile, strawberry leaves. Such microenemas cope well with constipation, relieve pain, and eliminate bleeding.

You have already seen what hemorrhoids look like in women in the photo of the initial stage in this article.

Perhaps folk remedies will help get rid of the disease. However, if the symptoms do not stop or recur after some time, it is better to see a specialist. In the initial stages of the disease, you can get by with drug therapy, ointments, suppositories, and gels. In advanced cases, surgical intervention is indicated. However, you should not be afraid of surgery; delaying treatment in this case is the wrong decision. Hemorrhoids, if ignored, can cause serious complications from local infection to oncology.

Surgery

At the first to third stages of hemorrhoids, minimally invasive methods for treating hemorrhoids can be used, the advantages of which are high efficiency, painlessness, low trauma and rapid recovery.

Modern methods of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids include sclerotherapy, cryodestruction, photocoagulation, laser coagulation and disarterization of hemorrhoids, as well as their ligation with latex rings.

Radical operations - hemorrhoidectomy and Longo's operation are indicated for last-stage hemorrhoids, since conservative treatment and minimally invasive interventions will be powerless in this case.

During hemorrhoidectomy, the entire hemorrhoid is removed and plastic surgery of the rectal mucosa is performed. During Longo's operation, the nodes are pulled inside the rectal canal by removing part of the mucosa and stitching its edges, and after a certain period of time they collapse, since the blood circulation in them has been stopped.

After the operation, if the patient follows the recommendations of the attending doctor, hemorrhoids will no longer appear. You can also see what hemorrhoids look like after surgery in the presented photos.

Treatment

Nodes that appear in hemorrhoids at any stage of the disease cannot be ignored. Correctly selected medications can improve the patient’s well-being and relieve inflammation in the nodes. When choosing them, it is better to give preference to complex therapeutic agents that can perform several tasks at once, namely:

1. have an analgesic effect;
2. help strengthen blood vessels;
3. repair minor damage;
4. stop bleeding.

You can cope with the task of strengthening the walls of blood vessels, activating blood circulation and preventing the formation of blood clots and adhesions with the help of a drug such as Venoruton with the main active ingredient rutoside. This drug belongs to a number of phlebotonics, which includes similar drugs in the form of Venarus, Phlebodia, Detralex, which are most often used to treat nodes. For inflammation and painful nodes, Troxevasin capsules have performed well, the main element of which is trocerutin, which has a tonic effect on the walls of blood vessels. This remedy is also produced in the form of an ointment, which is introduced into the rectal area using a tampon or applied in a thin layer to the external nodes.

Suppositories based on plant extracts or natural oils can speed up regeneration processes, eliminate minor damage and reduce the size of the node. They are used twice a day for ten days. In case of node loss, Olestezin containing sea buckthorn oil, Propolis based on propolis and others are used.

To eliminate pain from painful nodes, rectal suppositories containing an anesthetic in the form of lidocaine and belladonna extract are prescribed. They are used as an express method or in accordance with a prescribed course. You can also relieve attacks of pain with the help of oral medications in the form of analgesics Nice or Ibuprofen, which are used strictly as directed and in accordance with the recommended dosage. It is not allowed to abuse painkillers; they are used only in cases of extreme necessity for unbearable pain.

Doctor's advice for pregnant women with hemorrhoids

The expectant mother and child need health. Materials from the Internet: pictures, articles and “photos” are purely informational. An experienced doctor monitors the patient’s condition before and after treatment, and prevents the development of complications after and during childbirth. Depending on the severity of the woman’s condition and the duration of pregnancy, the doctor will determine safe treatment.

Pregnant patients and young mothers with hemorrhoids require:

1. Follow the diet and drinking regime. Eat more vegetables and fruits, do not neglect cereals. Fermented milk products should be present on the table every day;
2. Monitor the functioning of the stomach and intestines - avoid constipation;
3. Walk more and take walks in the fresh air more often;
4. Perform feasible physical exercises;
5. Do a light massage and self-massage of the feet, which will strengthen the connective tissues of the rectum and improve the flow of blood in the pelvic organs.

A doctor can show you safe and healthy exercises for a pregnant woman.

Treatment with medications

In the early stages of hemorrhoids (when the hemorrhoids have either not yet come out or can be managed by pushing them in), medications can help.

What drugs can be used during lactation?

• rectal suppositories or Relief ointment (active ingredients: shark oil, phenylephrine, lidocaine); helps get rid of inflammation and reduce hemorrhoids, promotes vasoconstriction, relieves pain, acts as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent; the drug cannot be used for thrombosis of blood vessels, with a low level of leukocytes in the blood; in case of intolerance to components;
• rectal ointment Bezornil (active ingredients: musk, pearl, bezoar, amber, borneol, zinc salt of carboxylic acid); reduces inflammation and swelling, relieves bleeding, relieves pain; the drug cannot be used if the components are intolerant;
• Rectal suppositories with sea buckthorn oil (active ingredient: sea buckthorn oil); They help only at the early stage of treating hemorrhoids after childbirth, when the hemorrhoids have not yet prolapsed; relieves pain, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and is a natural antiseptic; the drug cannot be used if you are allergic to sea buckthorn;
• Cream (gel) Troxevasin (active ingredient: troxerutin); relieves pain, gives a cooling effect; helps strengthen the walls of hemorrhoidal veins; the drug cannot be used if the components are intolerant;
• Rectal suppositories (ointment) Procto-Glivenol (active ingredients: tribenoside, lidocaine); reduces inflammation, reducing hemorrhoids, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, relieves pain; The drug should not be used if the components are intolerant.

What is the mechanism of formation of anal fissures?

When dense feces pass through the anal canal, the rectal mucosa may tear due to the lack of pronounced elasticity. As a result, a wound is formed in the form of a linear rupture, with smooth edges - an acute anal fissure.

If an acute crack exists for more than 1 month, then its edges become dense and prevent wound healing, thus forming a chronic mucosal defect. A long-term non-healing wound is accompanied by inflammation, so its bottom is covered with an excessive amount of granulations that form sentinel tubercles. There are a large number of nerve endings in the anal canal; they are involved in the process of inflammation, which is accompanied by severe pain. Due to the pain syndrome, a spasm of the muscle fibers that make up the sphincter occurs.

Increased tone leads to impaired blood circulation in this area, which impairs the nutrition of the anal tissue. Trophic disorders prevent the healing of the crack, and as a result, the acute condition becomes chronic.

Anal fissures are also divided into single and multiple, and according to location into anterior, posterior and lateral.

How to determine what stage (degree) hemorrhoids are in? Treatment of the disease and photo

Unfortunately, hemorrhoids are a very common ailment, a so-called “unaesthetic problem.”
Those suffering from this disease are in no hurry to seek help for this very reason, and when the worst moment comes, as a rule, this is not the first stage of hemorrhoids. Few people know that hemorrhoids are also a disease of the rectal veins. The above-mentioned disease is classified according to several criteria. The first one is location. The disease may be:

• Outdoor.
• Internal (“bumps” are located in the intestine, they are not visible).

The latter variety is divided into stages. There are 4 of them. Each of them has its own symptoms. The stages of hemorrhoids are clearly visible in the photo if you look at them carefully.

How to determine the stages (degrees) of hemorrhoids?

Stage 1 of the disease is the most painless. Nodules of the disease are just beginning to form, their size is small, so a person may not feel pain when emptying. However, signs of the first stage of internal hemorrhoids begin to appear:

1. Unpleasant sensations appear when visiting the toilet “in a big way”.
2. Itching (mild).
3. Bloating.
4. Bloody discharge (very rare).
5. Feeling of incomplete bowel movement.

As a rule, no one pays due attention to the symptoms of stage 1 and no visit to the doctor occurs. Most often, a patient at the initial stage of the problem comes to the doctor by accident, for another reason.

Treatment of the first stage of hemorrhoids

The initial stage of the disease can be easily treated using folk remedies. For example, you can insert a potato “candle” at night. Relief occurs quickly, even the pain disappears, some patients even stop treatment, but in vain - the disease may return.

It is better not to self-medicate, you need to consult a doctor at the first symptoms, under the supervision of a doctor, the disease will go away quickly. The specialist will examine you and prescribe treatment. As a rule, at the initial stage it is ointment or suppositories. Widely used: “Proctosedyl”, “Proctosan”.

If this method of treatment does not help, then sclerotherapy (surgical treatment) is used. This procedure is almost painless and many people prefer it.

With the initial degree of the disease, everything is very clear, but what other stages of hemorrhoids are there?

Second stage

At the second stage of the disease, the nodes are visible, as they fall out when straining. After defecation (about an hour), the nodes are pulled into place. This degree of the disease is characterized by itching, burning of the anus, the appearance of pain, blood (often after lifting weights). Sometimes, due to pain, a person may deliberately not go to the toilet, causing constipation, thereby complicating the situation. There is no need to delay your visit to the doctor.

Treatment of the second stage of hemorrhoids

If severe bleeding occurs, a proctologist can prescribe Neuflan gel or Methyluracil ointment, Escusan drops.

Sometimes latex ligation is prescribed - an excellent method using a ring, which the doctor uses to compress the “bumps”. After a couple of weeks, the problem area is rejected. Sclerotherapy can also be used.

The second degree of hemorrhoids is easy to see in the photo (see above).

Two stages of development of the disease are behind us, how many stages of hemorrhoids are still ahead? If you do not go to the hospital in a timely manner, the disease may develop into the next stage.

Third stage

Loss of diseased nodes occurs frequently (for no reason). For example, when coughing. Here the “bumps” no longer retract on their own; you have to refill them yourself. This must be done with caution so as not to damage the “bumps”, otherwise complications may arise. The nodes are visible. This degree is characterized by: pain, burning of the anus, frequent bleeding. Symptoms may be present all the time, or they may appear only occasionally. To prevent the disease from developing into the last stage, you need to go to specialists.

Treatment of the third stage of hemorrhoids

For treatment, it is possible to use sclerotherapy, as for the previous stages of the development of the disease, but cryotherapy is more often used (the nodes are frozen with a refrigerant, destroyed and pulled out). Sometimes hemorrhoidectomy is used (the nodes are cut out under anesthesia).

It is also possible to use a treatment method such as suture ligation (the vessels feeding the nodes are sutured).

Fourth stage

The most severe degree of the disease. The knots are huge and constantly fall out. The functions of the sphincter are impaired and spontaneous emptying may occur. Concomitant diseases occur (for example, necrosis or thrombosis). Anemia (due to bleeding) may occur. The pain is terribly strong, it hurts even to touch... The disease requires treatment.

Treatment of the third stage of hemorrhoids

A set of measures is used to suppress the disease. This:

1. Photocoagulation (exposure to the disease with an infrared ray).
2. Surgery (radio wave).
3. Hemorrhoidectomy.
4. Laser removal.

No matter what stage of development of hemorrhoids the patient has, doctors recommend following a diet (drinking a lot, eating fruit).

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Types of massage for hemorrhoids

Rectal massage for hemorrhoids after childbirth. The doctor can choose one of the appointments. During the first, the massage therapist either makes stroking movements along the hemorrhoidal node, or presses on it, gradually increasing the degree of pressure. The alternation of these movements is repeated in several passes, after each of which the patient needs to rest. Using similar actions, the massage therapist gradually pushes hemorrhoids into the rectum. Another technique that a massage therapist can use is vibration movements using a special device. Vibrations help restore vascular tone and elasticity of the rectal canal muscles by stimulating blood flow. You can perform a vibration massage without using a device: in this case, the procedure is carried out with a gloved finger treated with Vaseline. If the doctor detects prolapsed hemorrhoids, he uses a device - a rounded stick made of bone, with which he acts on the bumps with light vibration movements, and then presses on them and pushes them into the rectum. The massage therapy ends with exercises to strengthen the anal sphincter muscles: to perform them, you need to alternate tension and relaxation of the anus, then squeezing it for 30 seconds, then releasing it. This exercise must be repeated at least three times daily. Usually a massage course lasts at least two weeks. After a couple of months, it is recommended to repeat the same course.

Acupressure for hemorrhoids after childbirth. There are many biologically active points in the human body, and influencing 24 of them can help in the treatment of hemorrhoids after childbirth. These points are located far from the anus, but their massage leads to the restoration of blood circulation in the pelvis and normalization of the gastrointestinal tract. The massage affects the feet, head, wrists, legs, back, abdomen and some other areas of the body. Of course, only a specialist can perform a competent and complete massage of these points, but you can repeat some of the movements at home yourself: to do this, ask the massage therapist to give you short and simple instructions. The specialist acts on each point for no more than five minutes, and he not only massages the biologically active places, but also presses on them, rubs them, and also makes rotational movements with the phalanges of his fingers. Don't worry if you experience numbness or slight pain during the massage - these are normal. If you suffer from constipation, acupressure is well complemented by classic manual pressure on the lower back. It is quite difficult to do a full acupressure massage without preparation. And if one of your loved ones wants to do it themselves, he needs to prepare. In addition to acupressure, it will be useful to use a diet aimed at softening the stool, simple exercises to activate blood flow and lymph outflow: doctors usually recommend walking with your knees high (for example, up stairs or uphill).

Cupping massage for hemorrhoids after childbirth. Using special cups, you can perform a massage that will relieve pain, swelling and inflammation, and restore normal blood flow in the pelvic area. Cupping massage is also used for exacerbations of hemorrhoids. To carry out the procedure, you will need medical jars (about six pieces) without flaws or cracks. The patient is placed on her stomach, and an even and thick layer of Vaseline is applied to the back area. When lighting the wick (a cotton layer soaked in alcohol is first wrapped around it), it is necessary to place it in a jar so that the air comes out of it, after which the jar is quickly pressed against the patient’s back at the level of 1-2 vertebrae (just below the ribs). The jar will adhere tightly to the skin, and a dark red spot will form underneath. The remaining five cans are installed symmetrically on the lumbar area. After the cans are placed, you can begin the massage. In this case, rapid massage movements are accompanied by the movement of the cups closer to the lower vertebrae. Then the jars are returned to their original places and the process is repeated again. The massage therapist moves the jars without allowing air to get inside; he does this using pressing movements. At the same time, the specialist monitors that the patient’s back is sufficiently lubricated with Vaseline throughout the session. If a massage technique is performed by a massage therapist without experience, bruises remain on the patient’s body. Therefore, before attempting to carry out the procedure yourself, it is necessary to acquire skills. As a rule, it is recommended to repeat a cupping massage session about five times.

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What to do with an anal fissure and what should be the treatment?

Treatment of anal fissure can be either conservative (treatment at home without surgery) or operative (surgical).
Preference for one or another treatment method is given depending on the duration of the defect in the rectal mucosa.

If you have an acute anal fissure, there is a high probability of recovery without surgery. Treatment is carried out using drugs from different groups. The prescribed treatment is aimed at the following goals:

• elimination of constipation (stool should not be hard);
• relieving sphincter tension;
• improvement of tissue restoration (healing) processes.

The most difficult task for patients is stool regulation. If you do not achieve normal bowel movements and soft stools, the anal canal fissure will not heal, even with the use of drugs that improve tissue regeneration (restoration)!

In this case, a diet rich in plant fiber and proper water regime play an important role. Laxatives, oil enemas and other methods that stimulate stool are used if there is a pronounced tendency to constipation.

To relieve sphincter spasm, antispasmodics, analgesics, warm sitz baths and various physiotherapy procedures are used. As noted earlier, an acute fissure is accompanied by tension in the muscular structures of the anal canal, which impairs blood circulation in this area.

Due to poor tissue nutrition, the healing of the mucosal defect slows down. Therefore, relieving sphincter spasm is an important point in the treatment of acute anal fissure.

The tissues of our body have the ability to regenerate, so with minor defects the mucous membrane is completely restored. If the defect is deep, then scar tissue forms instead of mucous membrane.

To improve recovery processes, special reparative drugs are used. For example, methyluracil suppositories for anal fissures are used quite often.

You can read more about suppositories used for anal fissure in this article .

In treatment, not only suppositories are used, but also various ointments and creams. Ointment for anal fissures should be selected individually for the patient, just like cream for anal fissures.

You can read more about ointments and creams used for anal fissure in this article.

Complications that threaten hemorrhoids

The occurrence of hemorrhoids is considered a “delicate” problem and many women believe that talking about it out loud is not very decent. Therefore, they do not turn to a proctologist until the last minute in the hope that the disease will go away on its own. Moreover, the presence of hemorrhoids after childbirth can lead to serious consequences:

• a sharp decrease in hemoglobin levels (iron deficiency anemia): its symptoms are a constant desire to sleep, deterioration of hair and nails, pale skin, craving for smell and consumption of chalk;
• thrombosis of hemorrhoids, its symptoms: the nodes turn blue and become darker, in the evening the pain in them intensifies;
• blood poisoning - sepsis: this condition develops rapidly and can be fatal.

How to treat prolapsed hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are a proctological disease that is accompanied by inflammation, pathological dilatation of the veins of the rectum and the formation of hemorrhoids. Symptoms of the disease are clear:

• constipation,
• severe pain during bowel movements,
• itching,
• burning,
• bloody discharge or even bleeding, etc.

What are hemorrhoids and how do they appear?

Hemorrhoids are vascular formations located in the rectum, as well as under the skin of the perineum (bump).
After normal blood circulation in the pelvic organs is disrupted, the walls of the vessels begin to lose their tone, stretch and protrude into the rectal cavity. This is how internal nodes are formed. They are filled with venous blood clots. Most patients do not pay much attention to mild discomfort and do not contact a proctologist, thereby exacerbating the problem. Blood clots may form and hemorrhoids may begin to fall out.

Who is at risk?

Hemorrhoids, among other proctological problems, are quite common. According to statistics, more than half of the adult population has encountered it. Particularly susceptible to developing hemorrhoids:

• elderly people;
• young men and women who lead an unhealthy lifestyle, move little and have an unbalanced diet;
• pregnant women;
• people with a genetic predisposition to this disease.

Stages of development of the disease

There are several stages of development of hemorrhoids, based on which the treatment method is chosen:

1. The initial stage, which is characterized by stagnation of blood, gradual stretching of the walls of blood vessels. It proceeds almost unnoticed and is easily treatable if you consult a doctor in a timely manner.
2. Second stage. Symptoms become more pronounced, bleeding appears. Hemorrhoids fall out during bowel movements, but then reset on their own.
3. Third stage. The problem gets worse, the nodes do not straighten on their own. Treatment is required much more difficult than in the first stages, even surgical intervention is possible.
4. Fourth stage. The most severe stage of development of hemorrhoids. Patients experience severe pain caused by enlarged bluish external hemorrhoids. At this stage, surgical treatment cannot be avoided.

Prolapse of hemorrhoids is the main symptom of advanced hemorrhoids

The prolapse of hemorrhoids from the anal canal indicates an exacerbation of the disease (stage 3 or 4). Most often, rather painful, inflamed and swollen lumps fall out. This provokes:

• weakening and damage to the muscle and connective tissue of the rectum;
• loss of normal anal sphincter tone;
• long-term lack of treatment;
• atrophy of the anal canal tissue.

The nodes, as a rule, fall out even with the slightest physical exertion, during defecation, and do not reset themselves.

The inflammation may subside temporarily. During this period, the nodes can either be retracted into the anal canal or remain hanging outside as pouches of skin around the anus. Fallen nodes cause serious discomfort and often cause severe pain, depending on the severity of the pathological process.

There are two types of hemorrhoids: external and internal. The distinguishing feature from each other is the prolapse of hemorrhoids. They are characteristic of the external appearance.

The number and size of drop-down nodes may vary. There is either one node located in the midline, or a cluster of them, which forms a common affected area. Of course, single events are much easier to treat. An additional problem during treatment can be created by long-healing ruptures of the mucous membrane in the anal canal (cracks), which arise as a result of injury to the delicate tissue by hard feces. Because of this, bleeding often occurs. As for the size, there are both small compactions up to 5 mm and impressive growths up to 2-3 cm.

At the 4th stage of hemorrhoid development, the lumps can not only become inflamed, but also spread to other surrounding tissues.

The main causes of prolapse of hemorrhoids

Most often, during hygiene procedures, small bumps are found in the anus. This indicates that the patient has prolapsed one or more hemorrhoids. The reason for this phenomenon may be:

• lack of therapeutic measures in the initial stages and transition of the disease to a chronic form;
• increased pressure in the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs;
• constipation and a long process of bowel movement from solid feces;
• diarrhea is also a cause of prolapse of nodes, since, after being on the toilet for a long time, a person begins to push hard, increasing the pressure in the abdominal cavity;
• lifting various heavy objects or vigorous physical activity.

When and how does node loss begin?

At the very beginning, hemorrhoids develop almost imperceptibly and asymptomatically, taking the form of internal hemorrhoids. At the second stage, prolapse of hemorrhoids can already be observed, mainly during defecation. This process is accompanied by severe symptoms (itching, burning in the anus, bleeding) and sharp pain, which subsides during rest. Since the disease does not yet have a chronic form and complications, the nodes are reset back on their own.

Ignoring a timely visit to the doctor can lead to a deterioration in the patient’s well-being and his problems. In this case, the pain intensifies and does not stop at rest, since the nodes no longer move back on their own. The person experiences severe discomfort, so he is forced to insert them into the intestine himself.

To begin with, the anal area is numbed with a local anesthetic (gel, ointment, herbal infusions, ice). Then, in a more comfortable position, the hemorrhoidal node is pushed into the anus with a finger. After which you need to squeeze your buttocks tightly and lie down for about 30 minutes. The procedure must be carried out using disposable rubber gloves. A consultation with a proctologist will help you do everything carefully and painlessly according to all the rules.

At the third stage, minor loads, walking or coughing provoke prolapse of the nodes. Most often, stage 3 develops in women during pregnancy or after childbirth. Hemorrhoids require immediate treatment and monitoring of the nodes to prevent pinching due to spasm of the anal sphincter. After all, the infringement will provoke a violation of blood circulation in the pelvic area, which will lead to the appearance of blood clots and the formation of blood clots. A visit to the doctor and examination will help establish an accurate diagnosis and choose rational treatment methods based on the specific case.

If treatment does not begin at this stage, the most severe stage of hemorrhoids begins. It differs in that the nodes can no longer be adjusted even on their own, thrombosis develops through sphincter spasm, and the patient simply cannot endure the pain without strong painkillers. The nodes increase in size and acquire a blue-violet hue. In such a situation, surgical treatment cannot be avoided.

Diagnosis of hemorrhoids with prolapsed nodes

For an accurate and correct diagnosis of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a complete examination.

1. 
   An examination by a proctologist is carried out in the patient’s knee-elbow position or on a gynecological chair (the patient, lying on his back, pulls his legs as close as possible to his stomach). An external examination makes it possible to assess the shape of the posterior opening, its change or deformation, the condition of the skin tissue, the severity and degree of prolapsed nodes. The doctor also determines the stage of the disease and the possibility of self-reduction of hemorrhoids.

2. Digital examination of the intestine determines the condition of the sphincter, the strength of contractions of the anal ring, and the severity of pain. Also, such a study will determine the presence of polyps, scars or other damage to the mucosa. The complexity of the procedure lies in the fact that it is quite difficult to accurately determine the location and size of the nodes, since they shrink when pressed with fingers.
3. Examination with a probe will help determine the degree of manifestation of the anal reflex. The walls of the anus are examined to determine the presence of cracks and the degree of prolapse of internal nodes.
4. Anoscopy will help to examine the anal canal at a depth of up to 12 cm and the area with hemorrhoids. The procedure is well tolerated by patients.
5. Sigmoidoscopy is a mandatory examination for all patients with hemorrhoids. It is carried out in the knee-elbow position, the patient is given a rectoscope tube up to 25 cm. If this cannot be done or the doctor suspects pathological changes in the intestine, then a colonoscopy is performed.

Together, diagnostic procedures provide a clear picture of the development of hemorrhoids and identify possible concomitant diseases of nearby organs and systems. According to statistics, in almost every third case, hemorrhoids manifest themselves with diseases of the rectum and colon, provoked by rectal bleeding. The most common associated illness is irritable bowel syndrome. To eliminate this, a course of medicinal nutritional supplements and drugs is attributed that can improve intestinal motility and normalize its flora.

Hemorrhoids are often diagnosed with chronic anal fissures, which are formed due to constant inflammation and injury to the mucous membrane, thinning and degeneration of the tissue.

Such a symptom of hemorrhoids as bloody discharge or bleeding requires a more thorough examination of the patient, a complex of various studies. Because it can be a symptom of other serious diseases, one of which is rectal or colon cancer.

How to cure prolapsed hemorrhoids?

Due to internal processes that occur in the human body, hemorrhoids change from internal to external form. The most effective treatment will be in the first stages of the disease, when such a transition has not yet occurred. Conservative therapy is used, consisting of three main types of drugs that are aimed at eliminating the painful syndrome, inflammatory reactions and thrombosis. But if the nodes fall out, it is necessary to use other treatment methods.

Treatment for the development of hemorrhoids can be carried out at home. Today in pharmacies you can find various drugs that can eliminate symptoms:

• Rectal suppositories: Gepatrombin G, Relief, Proctosan, Natalsid, Aurobin, Anuzol, Ultraproct, suppositories with sea buckthorn, methyluracil or glycerin suppositories, etc.
• Ointments and gels: Heparin, Vishnevsky or Fleming ointment, Proctosan, Troxevasin, Bezornil, Levomekol, Lyoton, etc.
• Tablets: Hemoroidin, Detralex, Litovit-B, Asklezan-A, Pilex, etc.

Such remedies can solve the problem of stage 1 or only relieve inflammation, pain and reduce the size of the nodes, but they will continue to fall out. To finally get rid of prolapsed nodes, surgical intervention is often resorted to.

Modern proctology clinics offer various methods of surgical treatment - these are minimally invasive methods and surgery. Non-surgical methods include:

• Sclerosis. The procedure involves the introduction of a special sclerosant substance into the vessels that feed the nodes. This substance helps stop bleeding. Sclerosis is performed on an outpatient basis. After the procedure, the patient can go home and follow all the doctor’s recommendations.
• Photocoagulation. The fallen nodes are exposed to a beam of infrared radiation.
• Ligation with latex rings. At an appointment with a proctologist, while the patient is in a chair, the doctor inserts a ligator into the anal canal. A knot is pulled into the tube of this device, then the ligature slides onto the stem and the knot is ligated. Similar actions are carried out with the rest.
• Desarterization. This is a therapeutic process in which all the vessels feeding the prolapsed nodes are ligated. After which they die.

In severe cases, surgery to remove the nodes is recommended. Modern medicine offers an alternative option to excision - this is Longo's operation or hemorrhoidopexy. During this operation, the nodes are not removed, but are pulled up using resection of a section of the intestinal mucosa. Such actions contribute to the fact that the hemorrhoidal node is deprived of blood circulation and overgrown with connective tissue. The surgical procedure is performed under anesthesia (intravenous or local) in order to insert the anoscope into the anus, and the excision of the mucosa itself is almost not painful.

Of course, surgical treatment is one of the fastest methods of solving the problem of hemorrhoids and prolapsed nodes. But do not forget that after such treatment you need to change your usual lifestyle and diet, as well as adhere to all the doctor’s recommendations so that hemorrhoids do not return again.

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Symptoms and signs

Initially there is itching and traces of blood

Signs of hemorrhoids vary at each stage of the disease. If at the first stage a person is only bothered by itching, then with an advanced form of the disease he experiences severe pain.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids in women are more often manifested by the following signs:

1. Pain in the anus resulting from thrombosis of hemorrhoidal cones.
2. Swelling and loss of nodes.
3. The discharge is watery or mucous, irritating the skin in the anal area.
4. Perianal itching. Fallen nodes provoke local maceration.
5. The disease in its acute form is accompanied by bleeding during bowel movements or immediately after going to the toilet.

What to do if there is a lump in the anus and it hurts?

A lump in the anus is a fairly common phenomenon and, as a rule, once a person discovers such a node in himself, he does not rush to see a specialist.
Of course, you cannot share such a delicate problem with the first person you meet, but it is necessary to visit a doctor and there is no need to delay this visit.

What are these bumps in the anus?

A hemorrhoid is a consequence of an exacerbation of chronic hemorrhoids or a manifestation of a disease such as acute hemorrhoids.

Lumps form near the anus outside or inside the rectum, or they can appear simultaneously inside and outside - this is called “combined hemorrhoids.”

Internal venous nodes may not be immediately noticed because they are painless. Over time, the nodes fall out of the rectum, bringing pain, discomfort and suffering to the patient.

The problem of lumps must be solved immediately, without delaying the visit to the doctor, otherwise the consequences may be unpleasant.

Why are they coming out?

Lumps are formed when the venous wall in the anus is stretched, accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane.

They look like empty sacs of stenotic tissue and can lie dormant for a long time until they are filled with blood.

The photo shows what a lump in the anus looks like

will provoke stagnation of a blood clot in the anus or thrombosis of a blood vessel.

The sac fills with blood and, under the influence of internal pressure, increases in size.

This is a hemorrhoidal lump - a dense and painful formation.

The lump interferes with bowel movements, makes it painful, and if you strain during bowel movements, it can fall out of the rectum.

At first, when the cones have not yet reached small sizes, they tend to return to their place on their own after removing the load.

When the disease is not treated and becomes chronic, the nodes remain outside the rectum and require emergency medical intervention.

There are many reasons for the formation of hemorrhoids.

Some of them should be considered:

• impaired bowel movement: frequent constipation or diarrhea;
• poor diet, a lot of fatty, fried, spicy foods, alcohol, strong coffee and tea, carbonated drinks;
• sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work;
• physical activity associated with lifting weights;
• heredity;
• stressful situations;
• gastrointestinal diseases;
• difficult pregnancy and childbirth;
• uncontrolled use of laxatives.

Review your lifestyle and diet. If possible, avoid junk food and monitor the consistency of your stool.

Symptoms of the disease

At the very beginning of its development, the disease makes itself felt with minor signs: itching, movement, the feeling of an unemptied intestine and a foreign object in the anus, discomfort in the anus.

Then burning, pain and fluid discharge from the anus appear. After a bowel movement, traces of blood may be found on toilet paper and underwear.

It is from the formed hemorrhoids, damaged during bowel movements, that bleeding begins.

If you do not start treating hemorrhoids at the initial stage, hemorrhoidal nodes begin to fall out.

They need to be set in place using a cotton pad moistened with petroleum jelly. If the node is not put in place, this can lead to pinching, and this, in addition to severe pain, provokes atrophy of the colon.

With advanced and chronic hemorrhoids, it is no longer possible to straighten the cones. They cause severe pain when defecating, sitting for long periods of time, and even when walking.

A visit to the proctologist at this stage is necessary immediately, since prolapse of the node may be a sign of cancer.

https://youtu.be/xyvhzE-gzxA

About the purposes of diagnosis and treatment

Only a proctologist can give the patient the correct diagnosis after conducting a comprehensive diagnosis, which is carried out on the recommendation of a specialist and with its full compliance.

The goals of treatment are in two aspects - an accurate diagnosis with the exclusion of dangerous diseases and the determination of treatment methods.

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Treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids (rectal nodes)

The occurrence of hemorrhoids and prolapse of nodes occurs due to the physiological characteristics of a person in general and the rectum in particular. The blood supply to the rectum also has its own characteristics. So its walls are penetrated by a plexus of vessels that form the cavernous bodies. Normally, blood circulates calmly between the upper extremities, pelvic organs and lower extremities, but due to a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet or high physical activity, blood can begin to stagnate in the hemorrhoidal plexuses, causing inflammation.

At what stage of hemorrhoids does the colon prolapse?

At the first stage of hemorrhoids, intestinal prolapse does not occur, since during this period, due to stagnation of blood in the hemorrhoidal veins, their walls are just beginning to stretch and the protrusion into the lumen of the rectum is still insignificant.

However, without proper treatment, the disease will progress over time, moving to the second stage of the disease. The prolapse of hemorrhoids begins precisely at this stage of the development of the disease; it usually occurs during bowel movements and is easily reduced on its own.

If the patient ignores symptoms such as anal bleeding, itching and pain without contacting a specialist for treatment, then the disease enters the third stage. In the third stage of hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse occurs much more often and is more severe. The cause of protrusion of nodes can be not only defecation, but also coughing, prolonged walking, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and heavy lifting. At stage III of the disease, unlike stage II, self-reduction of the prolapsed node does not occur, so the patient has to reset the protruding rectum with his own hands.

At stage IV of hemorrhoids with prolapse of nodes, the situation is even more difficult. Thus, it is no longer possible to manually straighten a bulging rectum; sphincter spasms and thrombosis occur; the patient experiences severe pain. The color of the nodes also changes, they become bluish and are almost always external.

What to do if there is protrusion of the rectum?

Many patients with stages 2 and 3 of the disease ask the question: “If hemorrhoids fall out, what should I do?” On the one hand, patients understand that protrusion of the rectum is not normal and it should be straightened, on the other hand, they are afraid of harming themselves. However, their fears are in vain. If the prolapsed node can be set, then this must be done, as this will help avoid thrombosed hemorrhoids. It should be noted that the person will experience severe pain associated with pinching the inflamed node with the anal sphincter. But if you do nothing and this condition lasts too long, there is a high chance of a blood clot. To do this, it is not necessary to immediately go to the doctor; the patient can straighten the knot on his own, using the following recommendations:

• In case of pain syndrome, before starting the reduction, it is necessary to relieve pain using such improvised means as ice, ointment with an anesthetic effect (Troxevasin or Heparin ointment).
• Then you should put on sterile medical gloves. Otherwise, you risk getting an infection in your rectum, which will worsen your situation in the future.
• In order not to damage the inflamed node, the patient is recommended to sit down and carefully and slowly begin to reduce it.
• After reduction, the finger must be quickly removed and, using all possible efforts, squeeze the buttocks and anal sphincter as tightly as possible, thereby preventing the node from falling back out.
• Also, to prevent re-prolapse, a patient with hemorrhoids after the reduction procedure is recommended to take a horizontal position for half an hour.

It should be noted that such reduction is a temporary measure and if no treatment is carried out, the situation will only worsen, and the nodes will fall out again more and more often.

Treatment of hemorrhoids with prolapse of nodes

Treatment for prolapse of nodes from the rectum depends on their number. Are they painful, swollen, inflamed or collapsed? What is the severity of the pathological process? So, if 1 node has fallen out, which is located in the midline, then you can use anti-hemorrhoidal ointments from the pharmacy (Nigepan, Anuzol, Proctosedyl, Procto-glivenol, Relief). In some cases, this really turns out to be enough, the node begins to decrease in size.

If several nodes fall out at once, and the patient has cracks in the mucous membrane that do not heal and constantly bleed, in this case it will be necessary to resort to surgical intervention. This may be ligation, sclerosis, desarterization or excision of the node. At the same time, it is important to understand that treatment does not end with surgery, and it is still necessary to undergo rehabilitation, during which it is necessary to reconsider the diet and level of physical activity on the body.

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Symptoms

Hemorrhoids after childbirth often go into an exacerbation phase and are characterized by pronounced symptoms, causing a lot of inconvenience to a woman in everyday life . The main symptoms of hemorrhoids after childbirth are as follows:

1. After defecation, blood discharge may appear, which is associated with thinning of the walls of hemorrhoids and the formation of wounds. Due to straining or damage to the nodes by feces, bleeding may begin, which looks like streams of blood after defecation;
2. the process of defecation is difficult and accompanied by severe pain;
3. hemorrhoids after childbirth are characterized by the loss of elasticity of the venous walls, as well as the prolapse of cones into the anal canal;
4. most women complain of a constant sensation of the presence of a foreign object in the rectal area;
5. inflamed bumps provoke a sensation of itching and burning in the anal area;

   
   Photo of hemorrhoids that appeared after childbirth

6. mucous discharge appears;
7. pain may occur in the abdomen or lower back;
8. Walking, much less sitting, with worsening hemorrhoids becomes very uncomfortable.

You may also be interested in: Treatment of hemorrhoids after cesarean section

If you do not notice the signs of the disease and do not start timely treatment, the disease can cause serious complications. Thrombosis, characterized by the formation of blood clots in the hemorrhoidal veins, may develop. A thrombosed node looks like a purple-blue swollen lump, any touch of which causes severe pain . Thrombosis of a hemorrhoidal cone can quickly lead to necrotic processes in tissues, which carries the risk of septic blood poisoning. Another serious complication is paraproctitis, characterized by purulent inflammatory processes in the rectal cavity. If it is not treated in time, serious damage to internal organs can occur.

Chronic hemorrhoids - forms of the disease

To make an accurate final diagnosis and prescribe treatment, the proctologist uses experience and knowledge. A normative document created on the basis of world practice with collected and systematized statistical information on the forms of the disease, characteristics, and treatment methods is used. This is the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), in which the verbal formulation of the diagnosis of each disease is assigned an alphanumeric code. Used as the international standard diagnostic classification.

In ICD-10, chronic hemorrhoids are classified:

• Internal hemorrhoids (according to ICD-10 code 184.0 – 184.2);
• External hemorrhoids (code 184.3 – 184.5);
• Combined hemorrhoids (code 184.6 – 184.9).

Based on the appearance of hemorrhoids and the location of the nodes, a diagnosis is made and treatment is prescribed.

Internal hemorrhoids

An increase in nodes under the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the rectum is characteristic. The formations are localized above the pectineal line. In the initial stages, it is impossible to see internal hemorrhoids without a special examination.

The disease begins due to the action of two factors: increased intra-abdominal pressure, impaired blood outflow in the rectal veins. Increased intra-abdominal pressure leads to compression of the veins, blood stagnates, and the walls of blood vessels stretch and thin. Hemorrhoidal cones form. While the size of the cones is insignificant, the symptoms of hemorrhoids do not appear.

As the disease progresses, the hemorrhoidal lump continues to enlarge and is injured by stool during bowel movements, causing hemorrhoidal bleeding. The patient is bothered by a feeling of discomfort, a sensation of a foreign body in the anus, and pain occurs. The situation is getting worse over time.

If treatment is not started on time, hemorrhoids grow and fall out of the anus. The external rectal sphincter loses its tone, which interferes with the control of fecal retention.

At the next stage of the disease, the symptoms become more pronounced. The pain is acute and excruciating; prolapsed nodes cause inconvenience when moving and at rest. It is impossible to straighten the nodes on your own; blood loss becomes abundant and leads to the development of anemia. The tone of the anus is reduced, which leads to fecal incontinence. You can see a prolapsed hemorrhoid at this stage without special equipment. The nodes are pink or light red in color.

In advanced cases, thrombosis and pinching of hemorrhoidal cones occurs, and infection occurs. Hemorrhoids acquire a bluish-burgundy or black color.

External hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are varicose hemorrhoidal veins located under the skin surrounding the anus. Outwardly it looks like bumps protruding from under the skin. With further development, the pathologies increase in size and hang down in the shape of petals: a “rose” is formed around the anal ring.

Hemorrhoids are localized externally. At first they are characterized by their small size and do not cause concern. Without treatment, symptoms worsen. The patient complains of pain, burning and itching. Often the skin around the anus becomes inflamed and bleeding cracks appear. Unlike internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids do not cause excessive bleeding.

A dangerous complication of external hemorrhoids is thrombosis - the formation of blood clots as a result of stagnation and thickening of blood. Thrombosis occurs either without inflammation or accompanied by an inflammatory process, leading to an abscess and cell death.

Methods of disposal

Treatment of hemorrhoids must be carried out under the close supervision of a specialist. Self-diagnosis or diagnosis from photos is not acceptable. This need is explained by several reasons:

• hemorrhoidal symptoms are similar to those of other rectal pathologies, so an accurate diagnosis is necessary;
• a person may be intolerant to a particular drug, so treatment must be selected correctly;
• The pathology requires constant monitoring in order not to miss the progression of the disease and to prevent the development of complications.

Treatment for hemorrhoids is selected by the doctor based on the main symptoms of the disease, as well as its type.

For example, treatment of external hemorrhoids is best done using local remedies. Ointments, creams, lotions with various healing infusions can be especially useful.

This is due to the fact that the use of local remedies allows the drug to be delivered directly to the nodes, where it can exert its maximum effect.

Treatment of internal hemorrhoids requires the use of mainly suppositories or enemas.

The reason for such preferences is the same. When using suppositories and enemas, medicinal substances reach the problem areas as quickly as possible, providing a healing effect.

In addition to local medications, systemic medications in the form of tablets can be used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Their main effect is aimed at increasing the tone of venous vessels.

If conservative treatment does not have any effect, they resort to surgical methods for correcting the pathology.

A pathology such as hemorrhoids is best treated with non-surgical treatment in the early stages of its development. Patients should be attentive to their own health and not ignore even those symptoms that seem insignificant.

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the anal canal. It can be either an independent disease or a secondary manifestation of some pathology.

Varieties

Considering the prevalence of the pathological process, the clinical picture and treatment of the disease will differ from each other.

Based on this, the disease is classified into internal, external and mixed forms.

Internal hemorrhoids, the photo of which you see, develop inside the rectum. Moreover, external signs are not noticeable to the naked eye, and one can guess about the presence of pathology only by one’s own well-being .

This form of the disease, as a result of stimulation of blood flow, promotes the dilation of blood vessels, which sooner or later begin to peek out from the sphincter. The course is gradual, the clinic is completely absent.

Internal hemorrhoids

Here is a photo of what external hemorrhoids look like. With this form of the disease, hemorrhoids begin to protrude from under the anus. This picture is clearly visible and leaves no doubt. At the same time, the disease is accompanied by an unpleasant clinical experience, causing the patient great discomfort.

External hemorrhoids

As you may have guessed, the combined form of the disease represents both one and the other type of hemorrhoids.

This phenomenon is considered the most severe, and occurs if the patient did not listen to the doctor’s recommendations and neglected treatment measures.

What is anal fissure surgery?

Conservative treatment of chronic anal fissure is difficult due to the fact that the long-untreated wound has dense scarred edges. This prevents the crack from self-healing.

For chronic fissures of the anus, surgical interventions are resorted to. The crack is excised under local or general anesthesia without suturing the wound.

If the spasm of the anal sphincter is severe, then part of its fibers is cut to restore normal tone. This intervention is called dosed sphincterotomy (metered dissection of the muscle fibers that make up the retaining apparatus), it is necessary to reduce pain and restore nutrition to the tissues in the anal canal.

Excision of anal fissure is carried out both under local anesthesia and general anesthesia. In the postoperative period, it is necessary to pay attention to the first act of defecation and prevent the development of constipation.

Anal fissure surgery is the only treatment for chronic anal fissures.

For acute and chronic fissures of the anus, it is necessary to follow a diet. Hot, spicy, pickled and smoked foods are completely removed from the diet, as they irritate the intestines and anus. To soften the stool, follow a laxative diet. Also during treatment, it is important to eliminate the causes of anal fissures: constipation and inflammation of the anal canal.

Prevention of hemorrhoids

The appearance of hemorrhoids can be prevented if you follow some simple preventive measures.

Specialists - coloproctologists recommend:

1. A proper balanced diet that ensures normal bowel function without constipation will prevent the development of hemorrhoids. It involves limiting or completely eliminating fried, smoked, pickled, spicy foods, as well as alcohol and sweet carbonated drinks. It is allowed to consume foods rich in fiber - vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy products.
2. Drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day – at least 2 liters – will help prevent constipation. In addition to water, it includes herbal teas, jelly, fruit drinks, and juices.
3. Regular health-improving exercises, as well as walking, jogging, cycling, and swimming help improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs and prevent blood from stagnating in the vessels.
4. Maintaining hygiene when visiting the toilet. Doctors recommend stopping using toilet paper and washing yourself with cool water or chamomile decoction after each bowel movement.

It must be remembered that by paying attention to minor signs of the disease in the initial stage and visiting a doctor, you can get rid of big troubles in the future.

https://youtu.be/vvYIBKSvNBU

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases on the planet; it is no coincidence that doctors often call this disease “a disease of civilization.” To avoid long and difficult treatment, everyone should know what hemorrhoids look like at the initial stage. At the current stage of its development, medicine has a large number of effective means and methods for treating hemorrhoids at any stage of its development, but timely consultation with a doctor is a guarantee of effective and quick treatment.

Preventive measures

Even the early stages of hemorrhoids can be avoided by following basic preventive measures. They will also help prevent exacerbations during the chronic course of the disease.

The basis of prevention is a healthy lifestyle, which includes:

• refusal of harmful products;
• daily physical activity;
• regular bowel movements;
• careful personal hygiene;
• performing therapeutic exercises;
• complete refusal to lift weights.

These are general recommendations that will help avoid the problem, and help people with the initial stage of hemorrhoids get rid of it faster.
https://youtu.be/LQiC9E0r0bg

Massage for hemorrhoids: how it can help

Hemorrhoids after childbirth are treated not only with the methods described above, but also with the help of massage techniques. They allow:

• get rid of constipation by softening stool;
• restore active blood flow in the abdominal cavity;
• restore the tone of the vascular walls;
• remove venous congestion;
• restore normal tone to the anal muscles;
• eliminate or significantly reduce pain.

However, massage is indicated only in the early stages of the disease - when symptoms have just begun to appear and surgical interventions are not yet required. To perform a massage, it is necessary not only to empty the stomach and bladder, but also to cleanse the intestines. On the eve of the prescribed procedure, you should not have dinner at all or even drink liquids, and start the morning with an enema.

Pain may occur during the massage procedure. To remove it, you need the help of a doctor: he will most likely put suppositories with an anesthetic or suggest taking a painkiller. At the same time, do not forget to warn the specialist that you are a nursing mother.

Usually the massage is performed by a proctologist; he must do it with sterile gloves and use sterile instruments and products, including Vaseline. To be sure, you can check with your doctor for a massage certificate. The procedure is performed either in a lying position on the side or in a knee-elbow position. You can perform a massage not only in the proctologist’s treatment room, but also at home, by specially calling a doctor.

ethnoscience

Female hemorrhoids in the initial stages can be treated at home.

There are a huge number of folk remedies, the action of which is aimed at eliminating cones, regardless of how the disease manifests itself and looks like:

1. Rowan. Relieves terrible itching and pain. Take 100 grams of freshly squeezed rowan juice three times a day.
2. Borage juice. Has regenerating and anti-inflammatory properties. Having gotten rid of the disease with the help of this remedy, it is recommended to use it for prevention.
3. Strawberry leaves. If the patient has a huge node, then a decoction is used to disinfect it. If the lump falls out, the folk medicine will eliminate the infection in it.
4. Cedar oil. The drug has a positive effect on ongoing hemorrhoids. It has a long lasting effect.

Minimally invasive therapy

Minimally invasive treatment refers to a radical type of therapy and is indicated in case of ineffectiveness of the drug method, when conservative treatment does not help. Minimally invasive methods make it possible to remove hemorrhoids as safely as possible; their use is not associated with a long postoperative period and trauma for women after childbirth . This treatment can be used during lactation without any harm to the baby. Surgical intervention during this period is recommended only in advanced stages of the disease, when there is a risk of complications or it is necessary to remove an external hemorrhoid that does not look aesthetically pleasing.

You may also be interested in: Operation Longo for hemorrhoids

The most common methods of minimally invasive therapy are:

1. ligation of nodes. Internal hemorrhoids are eliminated by squeezing the hemorrhoids directly in the rectum with special rubber rings. This procedure is indicated at stages 2 and 3 of the disease. Its essence is to throw a ligature, which looks like a latex ring, onto the leg of the knot using a special device. As a result, the blood supply to this node stops and it is rejected, which occurs after about 2 weeks. Positive reviews from women who got rid of hemorrhoids using this method indicate its effectiveness;

   
   Treatment of postpartum hemorrhoids using minimally invasive methods (vessel ligation)

2. infrared coagulation. Can be used as a treatment for internal hemorrhoids in the initial stages, and is prescribed for women in the postpartum period. During the procedure, coagulation of the hemorrhoidal cone is achieved under the influence of the temperature created by the light flux from the infrared coagulator.

https://youtu.be/-yexD-cj2aY

What does hemorrhoids look like in the initial (early) stage, its symptoms and treatment

Most people use the term “hemorrhoids” in jokes or in very delicate conversations with loved ones. Many people are firmly convinced that such a delicate nuisance will never happen to them, and in most cases they treat this problem quite simply and frivolously. However, many soon realize that this disease is not as funny as they thought.

Hemorrhoids: causes of occurrence

The disease develops due to thrombosis, which is accompanied by prolonged inflammation with multiple dilation and enlargement of blood vessels. When a disease occurs near the rectum, the inflamed veins twist repeatedly, forming heterogeneous nodes. They are the ones who cause severe pain, unbearable itching, burning of the anus. All of the above symptoms sometimes also cause bleeding, as well as protrusion of the “folds” of the anus.

Hemorrhoids: initial stage

With the development of hemorrhoids, the initial stage of the disease is accompanied by such symptoms as: itching in the anus, cyclic bleeding during bowel movements, periodic bleeding after emptying the rectum.

The early stage of hemorrhoids is associated with the appearance of nodes, but their size is still quite small. The place of formation of nodes is the inner surface of the rectum. Hemorrhoids at the initial (early) stage are easily treated, provided that the patient consults a doctor immediately. Treatment of the disease is associated with the removal of “bumps”, as well as with the elimination of the causes that caused the disease.

Hemorrhoids: what it looks like, symptoms of the disease

Hemorrhoids at the initial (early) stage can be seen in the photo.

Let’s look at what hemorrhoids look like (the initial stage) and subsequent changes in the body in more detail.

It turns out that hemorrhoids at an early (initial) stage (photo below) can develop in two directions: internal and external.

External hemorrhoids develop in the form of small smooth bumps at the anal end, which are external nodes. At first, the bumps do not differ much in appearance from healthy areas of the skin, and therefore the initial stage of hemorrhoids does not require treatment in the patient.

After some time, the bumps begin to grow, increase in size and give some painful sensations to the person. The color of the cones becomes close to purple hues, so early (initial) stage hemorrhoids become visible (photo).

These changes in the body indicate the initial stage of hemorrhoids, the symptoms of which are clearly visible to the naked eye. It is very important to catch the problem when the first signs develop and begin immediate treatment, preventing the development of a chronic form of the disease. Hemorrhoids at the initial stage are diagnosed using digital examination of the anal canal.

Internal hemorrhoids, the initial stage of which is accompanied by the appearance of nodes on the inside of the intestine, can only be examined using an anoscope (sigmoidoscope). At this stage of manifestation of internal disease, inflammatory skin changes are observed in the anal area. The skin here becomes swollen, sometimes a bluish tint is visible.

Treatment of hemorrhoids at the initial stage

Only an experienced doctor can tell you how to treat the initial (early) stage of hemorrhoids. Healing from an illness of the first degree requires the least amount of time and you can get by with suppositories or ointments (for example, Proctosan is prescribed).

The methods of using complex therapy give good results, in which small nodes quickly begin to resolve and the disease recedes.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle will help slow the progression of the disease, and periodic exercise combined with regular jogging and walking will stop the progression of the disease.

A diet with an increased content of fermented milk products, plant foods, vegetables and fruits will become mandatory.

When treating hemorrhoids at the initial (early) stage, you should avoid eating: spicy and salty foods, foods with the highest fat content (especially animals), and do not eat fried foods.

Many scientific articles have been written about how to cure the initial (early) stage of hemorrhoids, which you should familiarize yourself with, and you should consult your doctor about the use of the treatment methods found.

The presence of a first-degree disease in a patient obliges him to eat a balanced and varied diet containing a large amount of vitamins.

Drug treatment should be carried out comprehensively using: various suppositories (Anuzol), ointments (Heparin) and only tablets prescribed by the doctor (Hemoroidin).

To strengthen the tone of the veins, as well as improve blood microcirculation in case of the above-mentioned problem, medications such as Detralex, Proctosedyl or Posterizan will help. These medications must be taken for three months, as prescribed by your doctor.

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Diagnosis of anal fissures. Examination for anal fissure

Based on complaints, we can assume the presence of an anal fissure in 80% of cases.

Diagnosis of anal fissure usually does not require specific manipulations. The doctor only needs to examine the anal area to see the crack.

For a more detailed examination, ano- or rectoscopy is performed, and local anesthetics are used. Or they recommend a delayed examination with rectoscopy, after the crack has healed.

For chronic fissures of the anus, surgical interventions are resorted to. The crack is excised under local or general anesthesia without suturing the wound. If the spasm of the anal sphincter is severe, then part of its fibers is cut to restore normal tone. This intervention is called dosed sphincterotomy, it is necessary to reduce pain and restore nutrition to the tissues in the anal canal.

Stages

To identify hemorrhoids in yourself, you need to have a rough idea of ​​what exactly to look for. Photos of hemorrhoids at various stages of its development can help a person with this.

initial stage

Hemorrhoidal cones at the initial stage usually cannot be found, even if you carefully examine the anal area. A digital rectal examination may also not provide information, and a photo is not worth talking about.

At this stage, the pathology usually does not manifest itself in any way, but a slight feeling of discomfort in the rectal area may appear.

If it is possible to diagnose the pathology at this stage, treatment will not take much time.

First stage

At the first stage, bumps are most often not detected, and in the photo it is impossible to find any changes in the anus.

However, hemorrhoidal cones already make themselves felt with the following series of symptoms: itching, pain during defecation, scarlet blood in the stool.

Second stage

At the second stage, upon careful study of the photo or your own anus, you can detect small hemorrhoidal bumps.

The main difference between the second stage and the first is the fact that the nodes begin to fall out of the rectum. True, they fall into place on their own. The initial symptoms, if left untreated, worsen.

Third stage

The third stage is accompanied by the fact that hemorrhoidal cones become clearly visible both during self-examination and in photographs. The diameter of one cone can reach 2-3 cm.

A characteristic feature of the pathology at this stage is that the fallen nodes can no longer return to their original position on their own; they must be inserted into place manually.

Fourth stage

At this stage, the nodes become clearly visible in the photo, and usually cause a person so much discomfort that it becomes difficult to ignore their presence, and treatment is recommended to begin as early as possible.

The fourth stage of pathology often leads to the development of complications such as:

• thrombosis (in this case, the nodes turn blue and greatly increase in size, which can be seen even in the photo, and also cause severe pain to the person);
• bleeding (often develops if the nodes are injured; can be very severe).

Features of therapy

Symptoms of hemorrhoids during the postpartum period significantly complicate the recovery process of women, negatively affecting their well-being. To get rid of disturbing feelings and concentrate on caring for your child, you need to undergo an examination and begin effective treatment .

Before treating hemorrhoids, you must undergo an examination

Hemorrhoids after childbirth must be treated using the safest possible methods so as not to harm the newborn baby, since some medications used to treat hemorrhoids can pass into mother’s milk. Therefore, a course of therapy should be prescribed for all women individually, after assessing all possible contraindications.

During the lactation period, which occurs after the birth of a child, conservative treatment is usually used. To achieve effective results, therapy must be comprehensive, including:

• safe drugs to relieve acute symptoms of the disease. It is customary to treat the disease with rectal suppositories, as well as local ointments and gels, which have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic properties;
• diet. The main treatment should be supported by a special diet aimed at preventing constipation. You should eat foods rich in fiber and vitamins to improve the functioning of your stomach and intestines. It is worth considering that nutrition during breastfeeding should be balanced so that there are no negative consequences for the child due to the composition of the milk;

  
  Treatment of postpartum hemorrhoids in a nursing mother

• gymnastics. To normalize blood circulation and remove blood stagnation in the vessels, it is necessary to do special exercises that strengthen the muscles and have a beneficial effect on blood flow in the pelvic area.

How to treat while breastfeeding?

During lactation, local medications with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties are also used. The doctor may suggest local treatment of the nodes with Ichthyol ointment, Levomekol, Heparin ointment. Medicines are applied externally to the affected areas up to 4 times a day. During breastfeeding, such medications will help quickly cope with itching, burning, and prevent the development of complications in the form of thrombosis.

Therapeutic measures must be supplemented by observing the following recommendations:

1. Review your diet.
2. Give preference to moderate physical activity.
3. Use underwear made from natural fabrics.
4. Avoid tight, constricting clothing and high-heeled shoes.
5. Treat only under the supervision of experienced, qualified doctors.

Important! Only an integrated approach under the supervision of a specialist can help get rid of such a delicate problem as external hemorrhoids. If the node does not disappear after a course of conservative treatment, surgical intervention is indicated.

Basics of nutrition for nursing mothers during illness

It is recommended to eat fractional meals in small portions, at least 4-6 times a day. It is recommended to eat plant foods that are rich in fiber and help normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is recommended to include in your daily diet:

1. Lettuce leaves, spinach, fresh herbs, dill, parsley.
2. Vegetables can be eaten raw or steamed, baked, or stewed.
3. Bran is consumed separately or added to cereals, salads, and soups.
4. Soups: vegetable broths, creamy soups.
5. Vegetable oils: sunflower, flaxseed, olive, for good digestion - grape seeds.
6. Fermented milk products: kefir, fermented baked milk, natural yoghurts without additives.
7. Smoothies, freshly squeezed juices based on seasonal fruits, herbs, and vegetables.

It is recommended to exclude excessively fatty, spicy, fried, and sour foods.

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How to treat the initial stage with folk remedies

Traditional medicine over the centuries has created many recipes that are intended to treat hemorrhoids at its different stages. Mainly in the arsenal of folk healers are decoctions, tinctures, microenemas and lotions, although there are also ointments and unique suppositories. Very often, doctors recommend combining conservative medicinal methods of treating hemorrhoids with folk remedies.

Among the traditional medicine recipes, the following should be highlighted:

1. Infusion of mountainweed. Pour two cups of boiling water over a spoonful of dried herbs. Let it brew and strain. It is recommended to drink a third of a glass three times a day, and it is better to do this before meals;
2. Raspberry leaf infusion. Pour two tablespoons of dry crushed raspberry leaves into a glass of boiling water. Let it brew, then strain. Drink one tablespoon of infusion in the morning and evening;
3. Beet juice. Wash red beets and squeeze out the juice. Take 50 milliliters of beet juice three to four times a day. The juice has a hemostatic effect during exacerbation of hemorrhoids;
4. Infusion of rose hips. Due to the increased content of natural vitamins in rose hips, a decoction of them has a vascular strengthening effect. To prepare the infusion, take a tablespoon of fruit and pour half a liter of boiling water. Let it brew, you can add a little honey to the infusion. The resulting volume is divided into two parts and taken in the morning and evening before meals.

Hemorrhoids: three stages of the disease

With hemorrhoids, the so-called hemorrhoidal veins, located next to the rectum, experience strong expansion: becoming inflamed and forming blood clots, they take the form of lumps or nodes.

Hemorrhoids can be:

• internal: when the hemorrhoids located under the rectal mucosa begin to become inflamed;
• external: when the hemorrhoids located next to the anus begin to become inflamed;
• combined: when the signs of internal hemorrhoids are combined with internal ones.

As a rule, internal hemorrhoids begin to form during pregnancy, but women rarely pay attention to this problem. Unfortunately, the birth process aggravates the disease, and the young mother begins to experience sharp and painful symptoms of external or combined hemorrhoids.

Diet for hemorrhoids for nursing mothers

To get rid of hemorrhoids, a woman must adjust her diet. It plays an important role in troubleshooting the problem. Experts recommend following a special diet. To treat the disease, it is recommended to completely remove from your diet:

• strong tea and coffee;
• fast food;
• fatty and smoked foods;
• mocolade;
• rice and semolina porridge;
• baked goods and baked goods;
• canned food;
• carbonated drinks;
• legumes;
• semi-finished products;
• hot sauces and spices.

The daily diet should be prepared according to the norms of proper nutrition. Food needs to be boiled or steamed. It is better to completely avoid fried foods. The basis of the diet should be:

• low-allergenic vegetables and fruits;
• oat and buckwheat porridge;
• prunes;
• dried fruit compotes;
• fermented milk drinks;
• cereals;
• lean fish and meat;
• vegetable oils;
• vegetable soups.

To get rid of the problem, you need to include a large amount of fiber in your diet. Its amount should be up to 50% of the total volume of dishes. You need to drink a lot of fluid. You need to consume at least 1.5 liters per day. water. Food should stimulate the intestines. It should be eaten in small portions. Food must be chewed thoroughly. If hemorrhoids are at an early stage, proper nutrition can completely eliminate the disease.

What to do if hemorrhoids pop up and how to prevent it?

Hemorrhoids are a disease whose main cause is damage to the venous plexuses of the rectum. Gradually, the vessels lose their elasticity, and weakening of smooth muscles and connective tissue is also observed. The outflow of blood is disrupted, the hemorrhoids swell and then fall out. So what is causing this? What threatens a patient with hemorrhoids that come out? What to do if a hemorrhoid pops out? What measures need to be taken to prevent the progression of pathology and the development of complications, as well as to avoid relapse after treatment?

What are the causes of prolapsed hemorrhoids?

In modern conditions, hemorrhoids in most patients develop as a result of the negative effects of physical inactivity. Lack of physical activity leads to insufficient blood circulation in various organs, especially in the anal canal area.

As a result, the cells of the rectum begin to lack oxygen and nutrients, and cell waste, on the contrary, accumulates in them. The result of this is their hypotrophy and tendency to inflammation, and then a weakening of elasticity.

In addition, if hemorrhoids come out, then the patient needs to think about the food he eats. Frequent constipation and progressive weakening of the tone of the anal sphincter additionally contribute to venous stagnation, and then create conditions for the venous lump to come out. Therefore, following a diet aimed at normalizing stool, eating foods rich in fiber, mainly vegetables, fruits, and grains, is very important in preventing the prolapse of hemorrhoids. You should also drink more fluids.

It is worth mentioning separately hemorrhoids that develop during pregnancy. Factors such as hormonal changes, weight gain, an enlarging uterus, increasing pressure in the pelvic veins, changes in taste preferences and weakening of intestinal motility, as well as a decrease in physical activity, together provoke hemorrhoids. Many women claim that they first developed hemorrhoids during pregnancy. An additional factor in the development of this pathology is the process of childbirth itself, during which the pelvic vessels experience extreme pressure and can also be injured.

What complications can there be?

If a hemorrhoidal cone has protruded beyond the anal canal, in addition to pain, it can be complicated by bleeding, sometimes leading to severe anemia, thrombosis and strangulation. A strangulated and thrombosed node, in turn, can become necrotic, which is fraught with purulent-septic complications. Therefore, a seemingly harmless venous node, if delayed in starting treatment, can even become a threat to the patient’s life.

How to treat prolapsed hemorrhoids?

It is important not to waste time and contact a proctologist immediately, rather than trying to cure hemorrhoids on your own, especially in cases where the node has already come out. Only complex therapy aimed at relieving symptoms and eliminating the causes of its development can cure hemorrhoids.

If the node is strangulated, drugs are needed that have the following effects:

• antibacterial to prevent infection;
• anti-inflammatory;
• decongestant, achieved both by improving microcirculation and increasing venous tone;
• painkiller.

If hemorrhoids are prone to bleeding, hemostatic agents are needed, and if they are prone to thrombosis or if the node is already thrombosed, agents with an anticoagulant effect are required.

Drug therapy can be supplemented with folk remedies. If the pathology has gone far enough and the conservative measures taken do not have the desired effect, minimally invasive operations may be required. Today, hemorrhoids are quite successfully treated using ligation of nodes with latex rings, sclerotherapy, laser treatment or cryotherapy.

If hemorrhoids have appeared not for the first time, especially if they are accompanied by severe inflammation, frequent bleeding or thrombosis, or if the nodes cannot be reduced on their own, the only sufficient method of treatment may be to supplement drug treatment and preventive measures with radical surgery. What kind of operation to perform in each case is decided individually, taking into account the causes of the pathology and existing complications, as well as the general condition of the patient and concomitant diseases.

What to do to prevent nodes from falling out?

Many patients, in a situation where they have had a hemorrhoid come out of the anal canal for the first time, usually use medications or some folk remedies that they learned about on their own or from their friends. If they have hemorrhoids at an early stage, they can really help the patient in terms of improving the condition. However, self-medication is usually not enough to completely get rid of the pathology. And hemorrhoids in such patients not only continue to periodically worsen, but also gradually and steadily progress, worsening the condition of the anal canal. As a result, such patients sooner or later discover that the prolapsed node has bled or thrombosed, or such a venous lump has begun to hurt so much that it is no longer possible to relieve the pain with conventional analgesics.

The reason for this is that at the initial stage it is very important to restore normal blood flow in the rectum. It should be realized that medicines will not be able to restore health if, in addition to drug therapy, no additional efforts are made. Minimally invasive and even radical operations will not help in such cases for a long time. Without lifestyle changes and nutritional correction, relapse is inevitable.

Patients need to gradually increase physical activity, walk more, swim and do exercises that improve peripheral circulation. However, if the lump has already come out, then you must first completely stop the inflammation in it and prevent the possibility of thrombosis, otherwise such a node, with increasing loads, can become a source of additional problems, which have already been mentioned above.

Food should contain plant fiber. For most patients, it is enough to include two oranges for breakfast or one plate of carrot salad for lunch in their diet to notice an improvement in peristalsis and bowel movements.

And to maintain the tone of the anal muscles and prevent their hypotrophy, it is necessary to do appropriate, fairly simple exercises. It is convenient to do them before bedtime, when the patient is lying in bed.

Treatment tactics for hemorrhoid prolapse during pregnancy are selected with extreme caution. Therapy during this period should not harm the health of both the expectant mother and the child she is carrying. During pregnancy, you need drugs with a minimum of side effects, preferably having a natural base. It is necessary to limit yourself to the mildest means, and all radical methods of treatment should be postponed for the future.

And it is always necessary to remember the need for physical activity, hygiene procedures, therapeutic exercises and a proper diet. Only if these conditions are met can you get rid of this disease forever.

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What treatment is the most effective?

Treatment of hemorrhoids is often referred to as two components. These include conservative (medicinal) treatment, minimally invasive techniques and surgical intervention. The basis of conservative treatment is to normalize bowel function and bowel movements. To influence the volume and consistency of stool, diet therapy methods, petroleum jelly and lactulose preparations are used.

Products that stimulate colon peristalsis (coffee, tea, alcohol) are excluded from the diet. Local therapy is also used: anti-inflammatory, analgesic suppositories and ointments. Conservative methods are used in the initial stages and in the acute period, when other treatment methods are contraindicated for the patient.

Treatment of the disease using minimally invasive techniques is quite effective. The treatment method directly depends on the degree of development of hemorrhoids and its stage. The following methods are used: sclerotherapy, infrared photocoagulation, transanal ligation with latex rings. For stages 3 and 4, only one treatment option is possible - surgery (hemorrhoidectomy).

Any treatment for hemorrhoids is carried out only after a colonoscopy to exclude the possibility of a colon tumor.

There are several physical exercises that can be effective both for the prevention of hemorrhoids and for their treatment:

• Lying on your back, you need to focus on your elbows and raise your legs and pelvis up. You need to remain in this position for 2-3 minutes. You need to do the exercise several times a day.
• Exercise to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. You need to sit on a chair, retract your anus and hold it in this position for 10 seconds, then relax.
• The previous exercise is performed at a fast pace 40-50 times for 10 minutes in the morning and evening.

Your doctor will tell you how to treat hemorrhoids during pregnancy. It is dangerous to take medications on your own during this period.

At home, diseases are treated with baths and medicinal plants. Doctors recommend drinking herbal decoctions and making lotions.

Remember the main rule! Hemorrhoids do not disappear on their own. If the pain goes away and the itching disappears, this is not a cure. This insidious disease can strike again at any moment. The best solution would be to undergo a full course of conservative treatment from a specialized doctor.

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